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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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01-11-2013

Early Exposure to Parental Depression and Parenting: Associations with Young Offspring’s Stress Physiology and Oppositional Behavior

Auteurs: Lea R. Dougherty, Marissa R. Tolep, Victoria C. Smith, Suzanne Rose

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 8/2013

Abstract

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to stress is posited to play a role in the intergenerational transmission of risk for psychopathology and other negative outcomes in the offspring of depressed parents. We tested the hypothesis that the joint, interactive effects of exposure to parental depression during early childhood and parental hostility impact the development of young children’s stress physiology and early emerging behavior problems. A sample of 165 preschool-age children (81 boys, 84 girls), of whom 103 had a parent with a history of depression, was exposed to a stress-inducing laboratory task, and five salivary cortisol samples were obtained. Parents completed clinical interviews and an observational parent–child interaction task. We found that the offspring exposed to maternal depression during early childhood and whose parents displayed hostile parenting behaviors during an observational task evidenced high and increasing cortisol levels in response to a laboratory stressor. In addition, the total amount of exposure to maternal depression over the child’s life exerted a dose–response effect on the positive relation between parental hostility and child observed oppositional behavior. This study underscores the importance of the early rearing environment on young children’s stress physiology and early emerging behavior problems.

vorige artikel Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Rumination and its Association with Depressive Symptoms

volgende artikel Behavior Problems in Middle Childhood: The Predictive Role of Maternal Distress, Child Attachment, and Mother-Child Interactions

Stability of the proportion of months the child was exposed to paternal depression during the child’s life is not reported, as few fathers (N = 15) experienced depression during the child’s life.

AUC_i was associated at a trend level with the time of the laboratory visit (r = 0.14, p = 0.08) and children’s difficulty sleeping the night before (r = −0.15, p = 0.07). Results were similar when these variables were included as covariates.

This interaction effect remained significant even controlling for child oppositional behavior (pr = 0.20, p = 0.02).

Similar to observations of child oppositionality, the interaction between total amount of exposure to maternal depression and parental hostility was significantly associated with the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 (Achenbach and Rescorla 2000) oppositional defiant problems DSM scale (pr = 0.15, p = 0.049).

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Titel: Early Exposure to Parental Depression and Parenting: Associations with Young Offspring’s Stress Physiology and Oppositional Behavior
Auteurs: Lea R. Dougherty
Marissa R. Tolep
Victoria C. Smith
Suzanne Rose
Publicatiedatum: 01-11-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 8/2013
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9763-7

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