Top

Gepubliceerd in:

27-12-2023 | Original Paper

Does Social Support Promote Parental Nurturance among Asian American Immigrant Families? The Mediating Role of Parental Self-Efficacy

Auteurs: Sunny Mathew, Fuhua Zhai, Qin Gao

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 1/2024

Abstract

Social support is a valuable resource for immigrant parents to maintain their parental self-efficacy and fulfill childrearing duties. Using data from a sample of first-generation Asian American immigrant parents of multiple ethnic groups who were born outside the United States (N = 670), this study examined the relationships among social support, parental self-efficacy, and nurturing parenting behaviors. The analysis revealed that positive parenting behaviors, measured by parental nurturance, were positively associated with social support. When analyzing the sources of social support separately, we found a significant association between parental nurturance and family support, but no significant associations were observed with partner or friends’ support. Parental self-efficacy played a significant mediating role in the relationship between family support and parental nurturance. These findings have important implications for clinical practice and policy interventions that address the needs of first-generation Asian American parents, the fastest growing ethnic minority group in the U.S.

vorige artikel The Migration Experience of Forced Migrant Children and Youth in Iceland

volgende artikel Psychometric Properties of the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale (NCFAS) for Vulnerable Preschoolers from Ecuador

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Albanese, A. M., Russo, G. R., & Geller, P. A. (2019). The role of parental self‐efficacy in parent and child well‐being: A systematic review of associated outcomes. Child: Care, Health & Development, 45(3), 333–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12661.CrossRef

Andresen, P. A., & Telleen, S. L. (1992). The relationship between social support and maternal behaviors and attitudes: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20(6), 753–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00942236.CrossRefPubMed

Arım, R. G., Dahinten, V. S., Marshall, S. K., & Shapka, J. D. (2011). An examination of the reciprocal relationships between adolescents’ aggressive behaviors and their perceptions of parental nurturance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(2), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9493-x.CrossRefPubMed

Arzubiaga, A. (2002). Family matters related to the reading engagement of Latino children. Journal of Latinos and Education, 1(4), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532771XJLE0104_3.CrossRef

Ateah, C. A., & Durrant, J. E. (2005). Maternal use of physical punishment in response to child misbehavior: Implications for child abuse prevention. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.10.010.CrossRef

Azad, G., Blacher, J., & Marcoulides, G. (2014). Longitudinal models of socio-economic status. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(6), 509–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025414532172.CrossRef

Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527692.

Barnett, D., Kidwell, S. L., & Leung, K. H. (1998). Parenting and preschooler attachment among low-income urban African American families. Child Development, 69(6), 1657–1671. https://doi.org/10.2307/1132138.CrossRefPubMed

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.CrossRefPubMed

Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129836.CrossRefPubMed

Belsky, J., Steinberg, L., & Draper, P. (1991). Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: An evolutionary theory of socialization. Child Development, 62(4), 647–670. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131166.CrossRefPubMed

Bloomfield, L., & Kendall, S. (2012). Parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress and child behaviour before and after a parenting programme. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 13(04), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423612000060.CrossRef

Boruszak-Kiziukiewicz, J., & Kmita, G. (2020). Parenting self-efficacy in immigrant families: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00985.CrossRef

Brody, G. H., Flor, D. L., & Gibson, N. M. (1999). Linking maternal efficacy beliefs, developmental goals, parenting practices, and child competence in rural single-parent African American families. Child Development, 70(5), 1197–1208.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Budiman, A., & Ruiz, N. G. (2021). Key facts about Asian Americans, a diverse and growing population. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. https://pewrsr.ch/3e3t4nF.

Byrnes, H. F., & Miller, B. A. (2012). The relationship between neighborhood characteristics and effective parenting behaviors: The role of social support. Journal of Family Issues, 33(12), 1658–1687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12437693.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ceballo, R., & McLoyd, V.C. (2002). Social support and parenting in poor, dangerous neighborhoods. Child Development, 73(4), 1310–1321.

Chase-Lansdale, P. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2014). Two-generation programs in the Twenty-First Century. The. Future of Children, 24(1), 13–39.CrossRefPubMed

Cheah, C. S. L., Zhou, N., Leung, C. Y. Y., & Vu, K. T. T. (2018). The complexities of parental control among Chinese American mothers: The role of acculturation. In S. S. Chuang & C. L. Costigan (Eds.), Parental Roles and Relationships in Immigrant Families: An International Approach (pp. 31–49). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71399-1_3.

Chen, X., Dong, Q., & Zhou, H. (1997). Authoritative and authoritarian parenting practices and social and school performance in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21(4), 855–874. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502597384703.CrossRef

Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2020). Reasonable efforts to preserve families and achieve permanency for children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children’s Bureau. https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/laws-policies/statutes/reunify/.

Coleman, P. K., & Karraker, K. H. (1998). Self-efficacy and parenting quality: Findings and future applications. Developmental Review, 18(1), 47–85.CrossRef

Colletta, N. D. (1979). Support systems after divorce: Incidence and impact. Journal of Marriage and Family, 41(4), 837–846. https://doi.org/10.2307/351483.CrossRef

Coohey, C. (2001). The relationship between familism and child maltreatment in Latino and Anglo families. Child Maltreatment, 6(2), 130–142.CrossRefPubMed

Cote, L. R., Kwak, K., Putnick, D. L., Chung, H. J., & Bornstein, M. H. (2015). The acculturation of parenting cognitions: A comparison of South Korean, Korean immigrant, and European American mothers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(9), 1115–1130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022115600259.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cousino, M. K., & Hazen, R. A. (2013). Parenting stress among caregivers of children with chronic illness: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 38(8), 809–828. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jst049.CrossRefPubMed

Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Ragozin, A. S., Robinson, N. M., & Basham, R. B. (1983). Effects of stress and social support on mothers and premature and full-term infants. Child Development, 54(1), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129878.CrossRefPubMed

Cuellar, I., Arnold, B., & Gonzalez, G. (1995). Cognitive referents of acculturation: Assessment of cultural constructs in Mexican Americans. Journal of Community Psychology, 23(4), 339–356.CrossRef

Cui, J., Mistur, E. J., Wei, C., Lansford, J. E., Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2018). Multilevel factors affecting early socioemotional development in humans. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 72(10), 172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-018-2580-9.

Daniel, E., Madigan, S., & Jenkins, J. (2016). Paternal and maternal warmth and the development of prosociality among preschoolers. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(1), 114.CrossRefPubMed

DeHart, T., Pelham, B. W., & Tennen, H. (2006). What lies beneath: Parenting style and implicit self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2004.12.005.CrossRef

Durrant, J. E., Rose-Krasnor, L., & Broberg, A. G. (2003). Physical punishment and maternal beliefs in Sweden and Canada. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34(4), 585–604.CrossRef

Elder, G. H., Eccles, J. S., Ardelt, M., & Lord, S. (1995). Inner-city parents under economic pressure: Perspectives on the strategies of parenting. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(3), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.2307/353931.CrossRef

Eom, E.-J., Park, B.-K., Doh, H.-S., & Nishiwaki, R. (2014). The relationships between parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, and parenting behavior in Korean and Japanese mothers of early school-aged children. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 35(3), 93–118. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2014.35.3.93.CrossRef

Evans, S., Shipton, E. A., & Keenan, T. (2006). The relationship between maternal chronic pain and child adjustment: The role of parenting as a mediator. The Journal of Pain, 7(4), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2005.10.010.CrossRefPubMed

Fang, Y., Boelens, M., Windhorst, D. A., Raat, H., & van Grieken, A. (2021). Factors associated with parenting self-efficacy: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(6), 2641–2661. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14767.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Farah, M. (2008). Environmental stimulation, parental nurturance and cognitive development in humans. Developmental Science, 11(5), 793–801. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00688.x.CrossRefPubMed

Ferrari, A. (2002). The impact of culture upon child rearing practices and definitions of maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(8), 793–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00345-9.CrossRef

Fine, M. A., Voydanoff, P., & Donnelly, B. W. (1993). Relations between parental control and warmth and child well-being in stepfamilies. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.7.2.222.CrossRef

Frias-Armenta, M., & McCloskey, L. A. (1998). Determinants of harsh parenting in Mexico. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26(2), 129–139.CrossRefPubMed

Garcia, A. S., & de Guzman, M. R. T. (2017). Filipino parenting in the USA: The experiences of Filipino mothers in Northern Nevada. Psychology and Developing Societies, 29(2), 264–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617716848.CrossRef

Gessulat, J., Oppermann, E., Cohen, F., & Anders, Y. (2023). Parental self-efficacy in relation to family characteristics. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 21(2), 224–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X231164133.

Gibaud-Wallston, J., & Wandersmann, L. P. (1978). Development and utility of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Nashville: John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development.

Guo, K. (2014). For a better life: The aspirations of Chinese immigrants in parenting. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 12(3), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2013.843047.CrossRef

Hess, R. D., Holloway, S. D., Dickson, W. P., & Price, G. G. (1984). Maternal variables as predictors of children’s school readiness and later achievement in vocabulary and mathematics in sixth grade. Child Development, 55(5), 1902–1912.

Hintsanen, M., Gluschkoff, K., Dobewall, H., Cloninger, C. R., Keltner, D., Saarinen, A., Wesolowska, K., Volanen, S.-M., Raitakari, O. T., & Pulkki-Råback, L. (2019). Parent–child-relationship quality predicts offspring dispositional compassion in adulthood: A prospective follow-up study over three decades. Developmental Psychology, 55(1), 216–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000633.CrossRefPubMed

Holden, G., Coleman, S., Schmidt, K., & O’Dell, P. (1993). Maternal use of physical punishment: Instrumental practices in the home. New Orleans, LA: Biennial Meetings of the Society for Child Development Research.

Hong, J. S. (2001). The relationships between recreation patterns, self-esteem, and acculturation among Korean adults. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of New Mexico.

Hong, X., & Liu, Q. (2019). Parenting stress, social support and parenting self-efficacy in Chinese families: Does the number of children matter? Early Child Development and Care, 191(14), 2269–2280. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1702036.CrossRef

Hopkins, H. R., & Klein, H. A. (1993). Multidimensional self-perception: Linkages to parental nurturance. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 154(4), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1993.9914745.CrossRefPubMed

Hu, Y., Lonne, B., & Burton, J. (2014). Informal kinship care in rural China: The influence of Confucianism and attachment. Families, Relationships and Societies, 3(2), 287–302.CrossRef

Iacobucci, D., Schneider, M. J., Popovich, D. L., & Bakamitsos, G. A. (2016). Mean centering helps alleviate “micro” but not “macro” multicollinearity. Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1308–1317. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0624-x.CrossRefPubMed

Jackson, S., Thompson, R. A., Christiansen, E. H., Colman, R. A., Wyatt, J., Buckendahl, C. W., Wilcox, B. L., & Peterson, R. (1999). Predicting abuse-prone parental attitudes and discipline practices in a nationally representative sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00108-2.CrossRef

Jones, T. L., & Prinz, R. J. (2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(3), 341–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.12.004.CrossRefPubMed

Jose, P. E. (2013). Doing Statistical Mediation and Moderation. New York: Guilford Press.

Kiang, L., Glatz, T., & Buchanan, C. M. (2017). Acculturation conflict, cultural parenting self-efficacy, and perceived parenting competence in Asian American and Latino/a families. Family Process, 56(4), 943–961. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12266.CrossRefPubMed

Kirby, J. N. (2017). Working with grandparents and extended family members. In The Power of Positive Parenting: Transforming the Lives of Children, Parents, and Communities Using the Triple P System (pp. 196–205). New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190629069.003.0016

Kirby, J. N., & Sanders, M. R. (2014). A randomized controlled trial evaluating a parenting program designed specifically for grandparents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 52, 35–44.CrossRefPubMed

Koestner, R., Franz, C., & Weinberger, J. (1990). The family origins of empathic concern: A 26-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 709.CrossRefPubMed

Lai, A. C., Zhang, Z.-X., & Wang, W.-Z. (2000). Maternal child-rearing practices in Hong Kong and Beijing Chinese families: A comparative study. International Journal of Psychology, 35(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075900399529.CrossRef

Lee, E. (2007). Domestic violence and risk factors among Korean immigrant women in the United States. Journal of Family Violence, 22(3), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9063-5.CrossRef

Lee, J., Hong, J., Zhou, Y., & Robles, G. (2020). The relationships between loneliness, social support, and resilience among Latinx immigrants in the United States. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00728-w.CrossRefPubMed

Leerkes, E. M., & Crockenberg, S. C. (2002). The development of maternal self-efficacy and its impact on maternal behavior. Infancy, 3(2), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327078IN0302_7.CrossRefPubMed

Leung, C., Sanders, M., Fung, B., & Kirby, J. (2014). The effectiveness of the Grandparent Triple P program with Hong Kong Chinese families: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Family Studies, 20(2), 104–117.CrossRef

Lin, J. (2018). Values and beliefs as risk and protective factors for physical punishment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(10), 3413–3425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1153-x.CrossRef

Liu, S.-W., Zhai, F., & Gao, Q. (2017). Parental acculturation and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: The mediating role of social support. China Journal of Social Work, 10(2–3), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2017.1416992.CrossRef

Locke, L. M., & Prinz, R. J. (2002). Measurement of parental discipline and nurturance. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(6), 895–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(02)00133-2.CrossRefPubMed

Ma, C. M. S. (2020). Measurement invariance of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support among Chinese and South Asian ethnic minority adolescents in Hong Kong. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.596737.CrossRef

Mathew, S., Zhai, F., & Gao, Q. (2017). Social support and parental nurturance among Asian Indian families in the US: Mediating role of parenting self-efficacy. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 38(3), 354–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-017-9530-y.CrossRef

McConnell, D., Breitkreuz, R., & Savage, A. (2011). From financial hardship to child difficulties: Main and moderating effects of perceived social support. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(5), 679–691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01185.x.CrossRefPubMed

Merlo, L. J., Bowman, M., & Barnett, D. (2007). Parental nurturance promotes reading acquisition in low socioeconomic status children. Early Education and Development, 18(1), 51–69.CrossRef

Mori, E., Iwata, H., Maehara, K., Sakajo, A., Ina, K., & Harada, N. (2019). Effectiveness of parenting education for expectant primiparous women in Asian countries: A quantitative systematic review protocol. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 17(6), 1034–1042. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003974.CrossRef

Ngai, F.-W., Wai-Chi Chan, S., & Holroyd, E. (2007). Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale in Chinese mothers. Nursing Research, 56(5), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NNR.0000289499.99542.94.CrossRefPubMed

Nowak, C., & Heinrichs, N. (2008). A comprehensive meta-analysis of Triple P-Positive Parenting Program using hierarchical linear modeling: Effectiveness and moderating variables. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 11, 114–144.CrossRefPubMed

Pelczarski, Y., & Kemp, S. P. (2006). Patterns of child maltreatment referrals among Asian and Pacific Islander families. Child Welfare, 85(1), 5.PubMed

Pew Research Center (2015). Modern immigration wave brings 59 million to U.S., driving population growth and change through 2065: Views of immigration’s impact on U.S. society mixed. Washington, D.C

Pinquart, M. (2017). Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with externalizing problems of children and adolescents: An updated meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 53(5), 873–932. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000295.CrossRefPubMed

Poppert Cordts, K. M., Wilson, A. C., & Riley, A. R. (2020). More than mental health: Parent physical health and early childhood behavior problems. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 41(4), 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000755.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Raval, V. V., Walker, B. L., & Daga, S. S. (2018). Parental socialization of emotion and child functioning among Indian American families: Consideration of cultural factors and different modes of socialization. In S. S. Chuang & C. L. Costigan (Eds.), Parental Roles and Relationships in Immigrant Families: An International Approach (pp. 69–89). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71399-1_5.

Rickel, A. U., & Biasatti, L. L. (1982). Modification of the block child rearing practices report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(1), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679.CrossRef

Sanders, M., Burke, K., Prinz, R., Morawska, A., Sanders, M. R., & Prinz, R. J. (2017). Achieving population-level change through a system-contextual approach to supporting competent parenting. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 20(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0227-4.CrossRef

Sanders, M. R. (2012). Development, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8(1), 345–379. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143104.CrossRefPubMed

Sanders, M. R., Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Day, J. J. (2014). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a multi-level system of parenting support. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 337–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.003.CrossRefPubMed

Sanders, M. R., Turner, K. M. T., & Markie-Dadds, C. (2002). The development and dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A multilevel, evidence-based system of parenting and family support. Prevention Science, 3(3), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019942516231.CrossRefPubMed

Sangalang, C. C., & Gee, G. C. (2012). Depression and anxiety among Asian Americans: The effects of social support and strain. Social Work, 57(1), 49–60.CrossRefPubMed

Scott, W. A., Scott, R., Boehnke, K., Cheng, S.-W., Leung, K., & Sasaki, M. (1991). Children’s personality as a function of family relations within and between cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 22(2), 182–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022191222002.CrossRef

Sevigny, P. R., & Loutzenhiser, L. (2010). Predictors of parenting self-efficacy in mothers and fathers of toddlers. Child: Care, Health & Development, 36(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00980.x.CrossRef

Simons, R. L., Lorenz, F. O., Wu, C.-I., & Conger, R. D. (1993). Social network and marital support as mediators and moderators of the impact of stress and depression on parental behavior. Developmental Psychology, 29(2), 368.CrossRef

Singh, S., McBride, K., & Kak, V. (2015). Role of social support in examining acculturative stress and psychological distress among Asian American immigrants and three sub-groups: Results from NLAAS. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17(6), 1597–1606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-015-0213-1.CrossRefPubMed

Taraban, L., & Shaw, D. S. (2018). Parenting in context: Revisiting Belsky’s classic process of parenting model in early childhood. Developmental Review, 48, 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.006.CrossRef

Teti, D. M., Cole, P. M., Cabrera, N., Goodman, S. H., & McLoyd, V. C. (2017). Supporting parents: How six decades of parenting research can inform policy and best practice. Social Policy Report, 30(5), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2017.tb00090.x.CrossRef

Thompson, R. A. (2015). Social support and child protection: Lessons learned and learning. Child Abuse & Neglect, 41, 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.06.011.CrossRef

Tonsing, K., Zimet, G. D., & Tse, S. (2012). Assessing social support among South Asians: The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.012.CrossRefPubMed

Yeung, J. W. K., Chen, H.-F., Lo, H. H. M., & Choi, A. W. M. (2017). Relative effects of parenting practices on child development in the context of family processes. Revista de Psicodidáctica (English Ed.), 22(2), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2017.05.003.CrossRef

Ying, Y.-W. (1999). Strengthening intergenerational/intercultural ties in migrant families: A new intervention for parents. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199901)27:1<89::AID-JCOP6>3.0.CO;2-O.CrossRef

Zak, D. (2020). President Trump’s Proclamation Suspending Immigration. Washington, DC : National Immigration Forum. https://immigrationforum.org/article/president-trumps-proclamation-suspending-immigration/.

Zhai, F. (2017). Cultural orientation, parental nurturance, and parent-child conflict among Asian American parents in New York City. Children and Youth Services Review, 76, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.026.CrossRef

Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.CrossRef

Titel: Does Social Support Promote Parental Nurturance among Asian American Immigrant Families? The Mediating Role of Parental Self-Efficacy
Auteurs: Sunny Mathew
Fuhua Zhai
Qin Gao
Publicatiedatum: 27-12-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02747-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2024

Adolescent General Efficacy Scale for Parents (AGES-p): Adaptation and Spanish Validation

Understanding Parenting Behavior in Junior Rugby League in Australia

Maternal Reflective Functioning and Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Orientations in Poland, the Netherlands, and Turkey

Author Correction: What Bereaved Children Want to Know About Death and Grief

Psychometric Properties of the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale (NCFAS) for Vulnerable Preschoolers from Ecuador

The Association between Supportive Parenting and Chinese Adolescents’ Resolution in Peer Conflict: the Mediating Role of Function-Oriented Appraisal of Conflict