Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2/2013

01-04-2013

Depressive symptoms and serum lipid levels in young adult women

Auteurs: Carolyn Y. Fang, Brian L. Egleston, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Victor J. Stevens, Peter O. Kwiterovich Jr., Linda G. Snetselaar, Margaret L. Longacre, Joanne F. Dorgan

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 2/2013

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Accumulating data suggest that depression is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but few studies have investigated potential behavioral mediators of such associations, particularly among women. In this study of healthy young adult women (n = 225), we examined associations among depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and serum lipid levels. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, and a fasting blood sample was obtained for serum lipid levels, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). Diet was measured using 24-h recalls, and other health behaviors (physical activity, smoking) were assessed via self-report questionnaire. Results indicated a modest negative association between depressive symptoms and LDL-C levels. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were also associated with lower total and insoluble dietary fiber intake, both of which were associated with HDL-C and LDL-C. Mediational analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of depressive symptoms on LDL-C via total and insoluble dietary fiber in unadjusted analyses, but not in adjusted analyses. The present findings suggest that depressive symptoms are inversely associated with serum LDL-C levels in young adult women, but that these associations are not likely mediated by adverse lifestyle behaviors.
Voetnoten
1
The six DISC clinical centers were located at Childrens’ Hospital, New Orleans, LA; Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD; Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR; New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and the DISC coordinating center was located at Maryland Medical Research Institute, Baltimore, MD.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Whitt, M. C., Irwin, M. L., Swartz, A. M., Strath, S. J., et al. (2000). Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, S498–S504.PubMedCrossRef Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Whitt, M. C., Irwin, M. L., Swartz, A. M., Strath, S. J., et al. (2000). Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, S498–S504.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brien, S. E., Ronksley, P. E., Turner, B. J., Mukamal, K. J., & Ghali, W. A. (2011). Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. British Medical Journal, 342. doi:10.1136/bmj.d636 Brien, S. E., Ronksley, P. E., Turner, B. J., Mukamal, K. J., & Ghali, W. A. (2011). Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. British Medical Journal, 342. doi:10.​1136/​bmj.​d636
go back to reference Broms, U., Silventoinen, K., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., & Kaprio, J. (2004). Smoking cessation by socioeconomic status and marital status: The contribution of smoking behavior and family background. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 447–455. doi:10.1080/14622200410001696637 Broms, U., Silventoinen, K., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., & Kaprio, J. (2004). Smoking cessation by socioeconomic status and marital status: The contribution of smoking behavior and family background. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 447–455. doi:10.​1080/​1462220041000169​6637
go back to reference Carnethon, M. R., Loria, C. M., Hill, J. O., Sidney, S., Savage, P. J., & Liu, K. (2004). Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 1985–2001. Diabetes Care, 27, 2707–2715. doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2707 Carnethon, M. R., Loria, C. M., Hill, J. O., Sidney, S., Savage, P. J., & Liu, K. (2004). Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 1985–2001. Diabetes Care, 27, 2707–2715. doi:10.​2337/​diacare.​27.​11.​2707
go back to reference Clevidence, B. A., Reichman, M. E., Judd, J. T., Muesing, R. A., Schatzkin, A., Schaefer, E. J., et al. (1995). Effects of alcohol consumption on lipoproteins of premenopausal women: A controlled diet study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 15, 179–184.PubMedCrossRef Clevidence, B. A., Reichman, M. E., Judd, J. T., Muesing, R. A., Schatzkin, A., Schaefer, E. J., et al. (1995). Effects of alcohol consumption on lipoproteins of premenopausal women: A controlled diet study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 15, 179–184.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Denke, M. A., Sempos, C. T., & Grundy, S. M. (1994). Excess body weight. An under-recognized contributor to dyslipidemia in white American women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 154, 401–410.PubMedCrossRef Denke, M. A., Sempos, C. T., & Grundy, S. M. (1994). Excess body weight. An under-recognized contributor to dyslipidemia in white American women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 154, 401–410.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference DISC Collaborative Research Group. (1993). Dietary intervention study in children (DISC) with elevated low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Design and baseline characteristics. DISC Collaborative Research Group. Annals of Epidemiology, 3, 393–402.CrossRef DISC Collaborative Research Group. (1993). Dietary intervention study in children (DISC) with elevated low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Design and baseline characteristics. DISC Collaborative Research Group. Annals of Epidemiology, 3, 393–402.CrossRef
go back to reference Dorgan, J. F., Liu, L., Klifa, C., Hylton, N., Shepherd, J. A., Stanczyk, F. Z., et al. (2010). Adolescent diet and subsequent serum hormones, breast density, and bone mineral density in young women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 19, 1545–1556. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1259 Dorgan, J. F., Liu, L., Klifa, C., Hylton, N., Shepherd, J. A., Stanczyk, F. Z., et al. (2010). Adolescent diet and subsequent serum hormones, breast density, and bone mineral density in young women: Results of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 19, 1545–1556. doi:10.​1158/​1055-9965.​EPI-09-1259
go back to reference Fischer, P., Gruenblatt, E., Pietschmann, P., & Tragl, K. H. (2006). Serotonin transporter polymorphism and LDL-cholesterol. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 707–709.PubMedCrossRef Fischer, P., Gruenblatt, E., Pietschmann, P., & Tragl, K. H. (2006). Serotonin transporter polymorphism and LDL-cholesterol. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 707–709.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 499–502.PubMed Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 499–502.PubMed
go back to reference Galobardes, B., Morabia, A., & Bernstein, M. S. (2001). Diet and socioeconomic position: Does the use of different indicators matter? International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, 334–340.PubMedCrossRef Galobardes, B., Morabia, A., & Bernstein, M. S. (2001). Diet and socioeconomic position: Does the use of different indicators matter? International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, 334–340.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gary, T. L., Crum, R. M., Cooper-Patrick, L., Ford, D., & Brancati, F. L. (2000). Depressive symptoms and metabolic control in African-Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 23, 23–29.PubMedCrossRef Gary, T. L., Crum, R. M., Cooper-Patrick, L., Ford, D., & Brancati, F. L. (2000). Depressive symptoms and metabolic control in African-Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 23, 23–29.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Georgiou, C. C., Betts, N. M., Hoerr, S. L., Keim, K., Peters, P. K., Stewart, B., & Voichick, J. (1997). Among young adults, college students and graduates practiced more healthful habits and made more healthful food choices than did nonstudents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97, 754–759. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00187-9 Georgiou, C. C., Betts, N. M., Hoerr, S. L., Keim, K., Peters, P. K., Stewart, B., & Voichick, J. (1997). Among young adults, college students and graduates practiced more healthful habits and made more healthful food choices than did nonstudents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97, 754–759. doi: 10.​1016/​S0002-8223(97)00187-9
go back to reference Golomb, B. A., Criqui, M. H., White, H. L., & Dimsdale, J. E. (2004). The UCSD Statin Study: A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on selected noncardiac outcomes. Controlled Clinical Trials, 25, 178–202.PubMedCrossRef Golomb, B. A., Criqui, M. H., White, H. L., & Dimsdale, J. E. (2004). The UCSD Statin Study: A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on selected noncardiac outcomes. Controlled Clinical Trials, 25, 178–202.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gravely-Witte, S., Stewart, D. E., Suskin, N., & Grace, S. L. (2009). The association among depressive symptoms, smoking status and antidepressant use in cardiac outpatients. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32, 478–490. doi:10.1007/s10865-009-9218-3 Gravely-Witte, S., Stewart, D. E., Suskin, N., & Grace, S. L. (2009). The association among depressive symptoms, smoking status and antidepressant use in cardiac outpatients. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32, 478–490. doi:10.​1007/​s10865-009-9218-3
go back to reference Gupta, R., Rastogi, P., Sarna, M., Gupta, V. P., Sharma, S. K., & Kothari, K. (2007). Body-mass index, waist-size, waist-hip ratio and cardiovascular risk factors in urban subjects. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 55, 621–627.PubMed Gupta, R., Rastogi, P., Sarna, M., Gupta, V. P., Sharma, S. K., & Kothari, K. (2007). Body-mass index, waist-size, waist-hip ratio and cardiovascular risk factors in urban subjects. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 55, 621–627.PubMed
go back to reference Harrell, F. E., Jr. (2001). Regression modeling strategies. New York: Springer.CrossRef Harrell, F. E., Jr. (2001). Regression modeling strategies. New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Horsten, M., Wamala, S. P., Vingerhoets, A., & Orth-Gomer, K. (1997). Depressive symptoms, social support, and lipid profile in healthy middle-aged women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 521–528.PubMed Horsten, M., Wamala, S. P., Vingerhoets, A., & Orth-Gomer, K. (1997). Depressive symptoms, social support, and lipid profile in healthy middle-aged women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 521–528.PubMed
go back to reference Houston, M. C., Fazio, S., Chilton, F. H., Wise, D. E., Jones, K. B., Barringer, T. A., & Bramlet, D. A. (2009). Nonpharmacologic treatment of dyslipidemia. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 52, 61–94. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.02.002 Houston, M. C., Fazio, S., Chilton, F. H., Wise, D. E., Jones, K. B., Barringer, T. A., & Bramlet, D. A. (2009). Nonpharmacologic treatment of dyslipidemia. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 52, 61–94. doi:10.​1016/​j.​pcad.​2009.​02.​002
go back to reference Igna, C. V., Julkunen, J., Vanhanen, H., Keskivaara, P., & Verkasalo, M. (2008). Depressive symptoms and serum lipid fractions in middle-aged men: Physiologic and health behavior links. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 960–966. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318189a942 Igna, C. V., Julkunen, J., Vanhanen, H., Keskivaara, P., & Verkasalo, M. (2008). Depressive symptoms and serum lipid fractions in middle-aged men: Physiologic and health behavior links. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 960–966. doi:10.​1097/​PSY.​0b013e318189a942​
go back to reference Imai, K., Keele, L., & Tingley, D. (2010). A general approach to causal mediation analysis. Psychological Methods, 15, 309–334. doi:10.1037/a0020761 Imai, K., Keele, L., & Tingley, D. (2010). A general approach to causal mediation analysis. Psychological Methods, 15, 309–334. doi:10.​1037/​a0020761
go back to reference Kaplan, J. R., Shively, C. A., Fontenot, M. B., Morgan, T. M., Howell, S. M., Manuck, S. B., et al. (1994). Demonstration of an association among dietary cholesterol, central serotonergic activity, and social behavior in monkeys. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 479–484.PubMed Kaplan, J. R., Shively, C. A., Fontenot, M. B., Morgan, T. M., Howell, S. M., Manuck, S. B., et al. (1994). Demonstration of an association among dietary cholesterol, central serotonergic activity, and social behavior in monkeys. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 479–484.PubMed
go back to reference Katcher, H. I., Hill, A. M., Lanford, J. L. G., Yoo, J. S., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2009). Lifestyle approaches and dietary strategies to lower LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 38, 45–78. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.11.010 Katcher, H. I., Hill, A. M., Lanford, J. L. G., Yoo, J. S., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2009). Lifestyle approaches and dietary strategies to lower LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 38, 45–78. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ecl.​2008.​11.​010
go back to reference Kinder, L. S., Carnethon, M. R., Palaniappan, L. P., King, A. C., & Fortmann, S. P. (2004). Depression and the metabolic syndrome in young adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 316–322.PubMedCrossRef Kinder, L. S., Carnethon, M. R., Palaniappan, L. P., King, A. C., & Fortmann, S. P. (2004). Depression and the metabolic syndrome in young adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 316–322.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kohlmeier, M. (1986). Direct enzymatic measurement of glycerides in serum and in lipoprotein fractions. Clinical Chemistry, 32, 63–66.PubMed Kohlmeier, M. (1986). Direct enzymatic measurement of glycerides in serum and in lipoprotein fractions. Clinical Chemistry, 32, 63–66.PubMed
go back to reference Kriska, A. M. (1997). Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, S43–S45. Kriska, A. M. (1997). Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, S43–S45.
go back to reference Kriska, A. M., Knowler, W. C., LaPorte, R. E., Drash, A. L., Wing, R. R., Blair, S. N., et al. (1990). Development of questionnaire to examine relationship of physical activity and diabetes in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care, 13, 401–411.PubMedCrossRef Kriska, A. M., Knowler, W. C., LaPorte, R. E., Drash, A. L., Wing, R. R., Blair, S. N., et al. (1990). Development of questionnaire to examine relationship of physical activity and diabetes in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care, 13, 401–411.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Leach, L., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Windsor, T., & Butterworth, P. (2008). Gender differences in depression and anxiety across the adult lifespan: The role of psychosocial mediators. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 983–998. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0388-z Leach, L., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Windsor, T., & Butterworth, P. (2008). Gender differences in depression and anxiety across the adult lifespan: The role of psychosocial mediators. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 983–998. doi:10.​1007/​s00127-008-0388-z
go back to reference Lee, S., Cho, E., Grodstein, F., Kawachi, I., Hu, F. B., & Colditz, G. A. (2005). Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in US women. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 69–78. doi:10.1093/ije/dyh258 Lee, S., Cho, E., Grodstein, F., Kawachi, I., Hu, F. B., & Colditz, G. A. (2005). Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in US women. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 69–78. doi:10.​1093/​ije/​dyh258
go back to reference Lett, H. S., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Sherwood, A., Strauman, T., Robins, C., et al. (2004). Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: Evidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 305–315.PubMedCrossRef Lett, H. S., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Sherwood, A., Strauman, T., Robins, C., et al. (2004). Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: Evidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 305–315.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lopez-Leon, S., Aulchenko, Y. S., Tiemeier, H., Oostra, B. A., van Duijn, C. M., & Janssens, A. C. J. W. (2010). Shared genetic factors in the co-occurrence of symptoms of depression and cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, 247–252.PubMedCrossRef Lopez-Leon, S., Aulchenko, Y. S., Tiemeier, H., Oostra, B. A., van Duijn, C. M., & Janssens, A. C. J. W. (2010). Shared genetic factors in the co-occurrence of symptoms of depression and cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, 247–252.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lopez-Leon, S., Janssens, A. C. J. W., Gonzalez-Zuloeta Ladd, A. M., Del-Favero, J., Claes, S. J., Oostra, B. A., et al. (2008). Meta-analyses of genetic studies on major depressive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 13, 772–785.PubMedCrossRef Lopez-Leon, S., Janssens, A. C. J. W., Gonzalez-Zuloeta Ladd, A. M., Del-Favero, J., Claes, S. J., Oostra, B. A., et al. (2008). Meta-analyses of genetic studies on major depressive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 13, 772–785.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Markovitz, J. H., Smith, D., Raczynski, J. M., Oberman, A., Williams, O. D., Knox, S., et al. (1997). Lack of relations of hostility, negative affect, and high-risk behavior with low plasma lipid levels in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 1953–1959.PubMedCrossRef Markovitz, J. H., Smith, D., Raczynski, J. M., Oberman, A., Williams, O. D., Knox, S., et al. (1997). Lack of relations of hostility, negative affect, and high-risk behavior with low plasma lipid levels in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 1953–1959.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Fernandez-Garcia, J., Sanchez-Izquierdo, F., Lardelli-Claret, P., Jimenez Moleon, J., & Galvez-Vargas, R. (1998). Life-style factors associated with changes in serum lipids in a follow-up study of cardiovascular risk factors. European Journal of Epidemiology, 14, 525–533.PubMedCrossRef Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Fernandez-Garcia, J., Sanchez-Izquierdo, F., Lardelli-Claret, P., Jimenez Moleon, J., & Galvez-Vargas, R. (1998). Life-style factors associated with changes in serum lipids in a follow-up study of cardiovascular risk factors. European Journal of Epidemiology, 14, 525–533.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Matsuzaki, Y., Kawaguchi, E., Morita, Y., et al. (1996). Evaluation of two kinds of reagents for direct determination of HDL-cholesterol. Journal of Analytical Bio-Science, 19, 419–427. Matsuzaki, Y., Kawaguchi, E., Morita, Y., et al. (1996). Evaluation of two kinds of reagents for direct determination of HDL-cholesterol. Journal of Analytical Bio-Science, 19, 419–427.
go back to reference McCaffery, J. M., Niaura, R., Todaro, J. F., Swan, G. E., & Carmelli, D. (2003). Depressive symptoms and metabolic risk in adult male twins enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute twin study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 490–497.PubMedCrossRef McCaffery, J. M., Niaura, R., Todaro, J. F., Swan, G. E., & Carmelli, D. (2003). Depressive symptoms and metabolic risk in adult male twins enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute twin study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 490–497.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Obarzanek, E., Hunsberger, S. A., Van Horn, L., Hartmuller, V. V., Barton, B. A., Stevens, V. J., et al. (1997). Safety of a fat-reduced diet: The Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC). Pediatrics, 100, 51–59.PubMedCrossRef Obarzanek, E., Hunsberger, S. A., Van Horn, L., Hartmuller, V. V., Barton, B. A., Stevens, V. J., et al. (1997). Safety of a fat-reduced diet: The Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC). Pediatrics, 100, 51–59.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRef Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRef
go back to reference Schakel, S. F. (1997). Procedures for estimating nutrient values for food composition databases. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 10, 102–114.CrossRef Schakel, S. F. (1997). Procedures for estimating nutrient values for food composition databases. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 10, 102–114.CrossRef
go back to reference Schoenborn, C. A. (2004). Marital status and health: United States, 1999–2002. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Schoenborn, C. A. (2004). Marital status and health: United States, 1999–2002. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
go back to reference Schubert, C. M., Rogers, N. L., Remsberg, K. E., Sun, S. S., Chumlea, W. C., Demerath, E. W., et al. (2006). Lipids, lipoproteins, lifestyle, adiposity and fat-free mass during middle age: The Fels Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Obesity (London), 30, 251–260. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803129 Schubert, C. M., Rogers, N. L., Remsberg, K. E., Sun, S. S., Chumlea, W. C., Demerath, E. W., et al. (2006). Lipids, lipoproteins, lifestyle, adiposity and fat-free mass during middle age: The Fels Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Obesity (London), 30, 251–260. doi:10.​1038/​sj.​ijo.​0803129
go back to reference Schulz, L. O., Harper, I. T., Smith, C. J., Kriska, A. M., & Ravussin, E. (1994). Energy intake and physical activity in Pima Indians: Comparison with energy expenditure measured by doubly-labeled water. Obesity Research, 2, 541–548.PubMedCrossRef Schulz, L. O., Harper, I. T., Smith, C. J., Kriska, A. M., & Ravussin, E. (1994). Energy intake and physical activity in Pima Indians: Comparison with energy expenditure measured by doubly-labeled water. Obesity Research, 2, 541–548.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shin, J. Y., Suls, J., & Martin, R. (2008). Are cholesterol and depression inversely related? A meta-analysis of the association between two cardiac risk factors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36, 33–43. doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9045-8 Shin, J. Y., Suls, J., & Martin, R. (2008). Are cholesterol and depression inversely related? A meta-analysis of the association between two cardiac risk factors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36, 33–43. doi:10.​1007/​s12160-008-9045-8
go back to reference Shrivastava, S., Pucadyil, T. J., Paila, Y. D., Ganguly, S., & Chattopadhyay, A. (2010). Chronic cholesterol depletion using statin impairs the function and dynamics of human serotonin(1A) receptors. Biochemistry, 49, 5426–5435.PubMedCrossRef Shrivastava, S., Pucadyil, T. J., Paila, Y. D., Ganguly, S., & Chattopadhyay, A. (2010). Chronic cholesterol depletion using statin impairs the function and dynamics of human serotonin(1A) receptors. Biochemistry, 49, 5426–5435.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422–445.PubMedCrossRef Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422–445.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Siedel, J., Hagele, E. O., Ziegenhorn, J., & Wahlefeld, A. W. (1983). Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total cholesterol with improved lipolytic efficiency. Clinical Chemistry, 29, 1075–1080.PubMed Siedel, J., Hagele, E. O., Ziegenhorn, J., & Wahlefeld, A. W. (1983). Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total cholesterol with improved lipolytic efficiency. Clinical Chemistry, 29, 1075–1080.PubMed
go back to reference Steegmans, P. H., Fekkes, D., Hoes, A. W., Bak, A. A., van der Does, E., & Grobbee, D. E. (1996). Low serum cholesterol concentration and serotonin metabolism in men. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition), 312, 221.CrossRef Steegmans, P. H., Fekkes, D., Hoes, A. W., Bak, A. A., van der Does, E., & Grobbee, D. E. (1996). Low serum cholesterol concentration and serotonin metabolism in men. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition), 312, 221.CrossRef
go back to reference Suarez, E. C. (1999). Relations of trait depression and anxiety to low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy young adult women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 273–279.PubMed Suarez, E. C. (1999). Relations of trait depression and anxiety to low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy young adult women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 273–279.PubMed
go back to reference Sugiuchi, H., Uji, Y., Okabe, H., Irie, T., Uekama, K., Kayahara, N., et al. (1995). Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin. Clinical Chemistry, 41, 717–723.PubMed Sugiuchi, H., Uji, Y., Okabe, H., Irie, T., Uekama, K., Kayahara, N., et al. (1995). Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin. Clinical Chemistry, 41, 717–723.PubMed
go back to reference Tomson, K., Merenäkk, L., Loit, H.-M., Mäestu, J., & Harro, J. (2011). The relationship between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism and serum lipid levels at young age in a longitudinal population-representative study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 35, 1857–1862. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.08.004 Tomson, K., Merenäkk, L., Loit, H.-M., Mäestu, J., & Harro, J. (2011). The relationship between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism and serum lipid levels at young age in a longitudinal population-representative study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 35, 1857–1862. doi:10.​1016/​j.​pnpbp.​2011.​08.​004
go back to reference Trost, S. G., Owen, N., Bauman, A. E., Sallis, J. F., & Brown, W. (2002). Correlates of adults’ participation in physical activity: Review and update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 1996–2001.PubMedCrossRef Trost, S. G., Owen, N., Bauman, A. E., Sallis, J. F., & Brown, W. (2002). Correlates of adults’ participation in physical activity: Review and update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 1996–2001.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tsuboi, H., Tatsumi, A., Yamamoto, K., Kobayashi, F., Shimoi, K., & Kinae, N. (2006). Possible connections among job stress, depressive symptoms, lipid modulation and antioxidants. Journal of Affective Disorders, 91, 63–70.PubMedCrossRef Tsuboi, H., Tatsumi, A., Yamamoto, K., Kobayashi, F., Shimoi, K., & Kinae, N. (2006). Possible connections among job stress, depressive symptoms, lipid modulation and antioxidants. Journal of Affective Disorders, 91, 63–70.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Vogelzangs, N., Suthers, K., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Ble, A., Schrager, M., et al. (2007). Hypercortisolemic depression is associated with the metabolic syndrome in late-life. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32, 151–159.PubMedCrossRef Vogelzangs, N., Suthers, K., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Ble, A., Schrager, M., et al. (2007). Hypercortisolemic depression is associated with the metabolic syndrome in late-life. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32, 151–159.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Whooley, M. A., de Jonge, P., Vittinghoff, E., Otte, C., Moos, R., Carney, R. M., et al. (2008). Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 2379–2388. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.711 Whooley, M. A., de Jonge, P., Vittinghoff, E., Otte, C., Moos, R., Carney, R. M., et al. (2008). Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 2379–2388. doi:10.​1001/​jama.​2008.​711
go back to reference Williams, R. L. (2000). A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics, 56, 645–646.PubMedCrossRef Williams, R. L. (2000). A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics, 56, 645–646.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wood, R. G., Goesling, B., & Avellar, S. (2007). The effects of marriage on health: Synthesis of current research evidence. In U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) & Office of Human Services Policy (HSP) (Eds.). Washington, D.C. Wood, R. G., Goesling, B., & Avellar, S. (2007). The effects of marriage on health: Synthesis of current research evidence. In U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) & Office of Human Services Policy (HSP) (Eds.). Washington, D.C.
go back to reference Wulsin, L. R., & Singal, B. M. (2003). Do depressive symptoms increase the risk for the onset of coronary disease? A systematic quantitative review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 201–210.PubMedCrossRef Wulsin, L. R., & Singal, B. M. (2003). Do depressive symptoms increase the risk for the onset of coronary disease? A systematic quantitative review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 201–210.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Yamamoto, A., Temba, H., Horibe, H., Mabuchi, H., Saito, Y., Matsuzawa, Y., et al. (2003). Life style and cardiovascular risk factors in the Japanese population—From an epidemiological survey on serum lipid levels in Japan 1990 part 2: Association of lipid parameters with hypertension. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 10, 176–185.PubMedCrossRef Yamamoto, A., Temba, H., Horibe, H., Mabuchi, H., Saito, Y., Matsuzawa, Y., et al. (2003). Life style and cardiovascular risk factors in the Japanese population—From an epidemiological survey on serum lipid levels in Japan 1990 part 2: Association of lipid parameters with hypertension. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 10, 176–185.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Depressive symptoms and serum lipid levels in young adult women
Auteurs
Carolyn Y. Fang
Brian L. Egleston
Kelley Pettee Gabriel
Victor J. Stevens
Peter O. Kwiterovich Jr.
Linda G. Snetselaar
Margaret L. Longacre
Joanne F. Dorgan
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2013
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 2/2013
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9409-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2013

Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2/2013 Naar de uitgave