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08-10-2019 | Artikel

De neurale correlaten van cognitieve-functietraining bij ziekte en gezondheid

Auteurs: Chris Vriend, Tim D. van Balkom, Odile A. van den Heuvel

Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis | Uitgave 1/2020

Samenvatting

Cognitieve training is de laatste jaren in opgang als potentiële niet-farmacologische behandeling voor cognitieve stoornissen. Hoewel klinische studies positieve effecten laten zien van cognitieve training op het cognitief functioneren van zowel gezonde participanten als van patiënten met een hersenaandoening, is het werkingsmechanisme nog grotendeels onbekend. Beeldvormend onderzoek in de vorm van functionele magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) wordt steeds vaker ingezet om hersenveranderingen te bestuderen die zijn geïnduceerd door cognitieve training. In dit artikel bespreken wij studies bij gezonde ouderen en patiënten met een neurodegeneratieve hersenaandoening die vóór en na een cognitieve functietraining een fMRI hebben ondergaan en hebben gekeken naar de neurale effecten van de training in vergelijking met een controleconditie. Wij maakten onderscheid tussen multidomein- en singledomeintrainingen: bij multidomeintrainingen is het doel meerdere cognitieve domeinen te verbeteren en bij single-domeintrainingen wordt één specifieke cognitieve functie herhaaldelijk getraind. De kenmerken van de trainingsparadigma’s, de analysetechnieken en de specifieke hersengebieden in de verschillende studies lopen sterk uiteen. Hierdoor is het lastig duidelijke generieke conclusies te trekken. Desalniettemin lijkt cognitieve training invloed te hebben op hersenactiviteit en op de functionele hersenverbindingen, en zijn deze veranderingen na cognitieve training zichtbaar in zowel gezonde als klinische populaties. We bespreken en interpreteren de resultaten en doen voorstellen voor vervolgonderzoek om consistentie tussen studies te verhogen, zodat in de toekomst formele meta-analyses mogelijk worden.

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Titel: De neurale correlaten van cognitieve-functietraining bij ziekte en gezondheid
Auteurs: Chris Vriend
Tim D. van Balkom
Odile A. van den Heuvel
Publicatiedatum: 08-10-2019
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis / Uitgave 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1387-5817
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5785
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-019-00236-0

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Blije gezichten en andere beloningen: aandacht voor positieve informatie als beschermend mechanisme tegen depressie