Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-02-2007 | Original Article

Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression in Seasonal Affective Disorder: Predicting Mood and Cognitive Symptoms in Individuals with Seasonal Vegetative Changes

Auteurs: Justin L. Enggasser, Michael A. Young

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 1/2007

Abstract

Research indicates that seasonal fluctuations in vegetative functions (e.g., sleep, appetite, and energy) occur to varying degrees in the general population and a large fluctuation in vegetative functioning is often considered the core of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The purpose of the present study was to determine if, among those with seasonal changes in vegetative functioning, a cognitive vulnerability to depression is associated with an increased risk for developing the cognitive and affective symptoms of SAD. Results indicate that participants with more dysfunctional attitudes, a more ruminative response style, and a more internal attributional style for negative events report experiencing more severe mood and cognitive symptoms of depression during the winter, controlling for the severity of vegetative symptoms. This was the case both for retrospective reports of typical symptoms and prospective reports of actual symptoms. These results provide support for Young’s dual vulnerability model, in which cognitive factors interact with environmentally mediated biological factors in the pathogenesis of full-symptom SAD, and suggest that cognitively-oriented interventions may be useful as adjunctive or alternative treatments for SAD.

vorige artikel Changes in Latitudes, but No Change in Attitudes

volgende artikel Attentional Bias Toward Facial Stimuli Under Conditions of Social Threat in Socially Phobic and Nonclinical Participants

The original authors interpret the results as indicating a seasonal effect in both groups but with the winter scores being similar to the fall scores for the SAD group and the winter scores being similar to the summer scores for the healthy control group, which is not a theoretically meaningful pattern.

Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358–372.CrossRef

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed, Text Revision. Washington, DC: Author.

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford.

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory—II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 53–63.

Clark, D. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (1985). Constraints of the effects of mood on memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1595–1608.CrossRef

Enns, M. W., Levitan, R. D., Levitt, A. J., Dalton, E. J., & Lam, R. W. (1999). Diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. In R. Lam, & A. Levitt, (Eds), Canadian consensus guidelines for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (pp. 20–36). Canada: Clinical and Academic Publishing.

Farmer, A., Harris, T., Redman, K., Mahmood, A., Sadler, S., & McGuffin, P. (2001). The Cardiff Depression Study: A sib-pair study of dysfunctional attitudes in depressed probands and healthy control subjects. Psychological Medicine, 31, 627–633.PubMedCrossRef

First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1995). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-Clinician Version). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute Biometrics Research Department.

Gemar, M. C., Segal, Z. V., Sagrati, S., & Kennedy, S. J. (2001). Mood-induced changes on the implicit association test in recovered depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 282–289.PubMedCrossRef

Gladstone, T. R., & Kaslow, N. J. (1995). Depression and attributions in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 597–606.PubMedCrossRef

Hammen, C., & Krantz, S. E. (1985). Measures of psychological processes in depression. In E. E. Beckham, & W. R. Leber, (Eds), Handbook of depression: Treatment, assessment, and research (pp. 408–444). Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.

Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Siler, M. (2001). A prospective test of the hopelessness theory of depression in adolescence. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 607–632.CrossRef

Hardin, T. A., Wehr, T. A., Brewerton, T., Kasper, S., Berrettini, W., Rabkin, J., & Rosenthal, N. E. (1991). Evaluation of seasonality in six clinical populations and two normal populations. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 25, 755–787.CrossRef

Hodges, S., & Marks, M. (1998). Cognitive characteristics of seasonal affective disorder: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 50, 59–64.PubMedCrossRef

Hollon, S. D., & Kendall, P. C. (1980). Cognitive self-statements in depression: Development of an Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 383–396.CrossRef

Imber, S. D., Pilkonis, P. A., Sotsky, S. M., Elkin, I., Watkins, J. T., Collins, J. F., Shea, M. T., Leber, W. R., & Glass, D. R. (1990). Mode-specific effects among three treatments of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 352–359.PubMedCrossRef

Ingram, R. E. (1984). Toward an information processing analysis of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 443–478.CrossRef

Kasper, S., Wehr, T. A., Bartko, J. J., Gaist, P. A., & Rosenthal, N. E. (1989). Epidemiological changes in mood and behavior: A telephone survey of Montgomery County, Maryland. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 823–833.PubMed

Lam, R. W., Buchanan, A., & Remick, R. A. (1989). Seasonal affective disorder—A Canadian sample. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 1, 241–245.CrossRef

Levitan, R. D., Rector, N. A., & Bagby, R. M. (1998). Negative attributional style in seasonal and nonseasonal depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 428–430.PubMed

Madden, P. A. F., Heath, A. C., Rosenthal, N. E., & Martin, N. G. (1996). Seasonal changes in mood and behavior: The role of genetic factors. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 47–55.PubMed

Martin, M. (1990). On the induction of mood. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 669–697.CrossRef

Miranda, J., Gross, J. J., Persons, J., & Hahn, J. (1998). Mood matters: Negative mood induction activates dysfunctional attitudes in women vulnerable to depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 363–376.CrossRef

Murray, G., Allen, N. B., & Trinder, J. (2001). A longitudinal investigation of seasonal variation in mood. Chronobiology International, 18, 875–891.PubMedCrossRef

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569–582.PubMedCrossRef

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115–121.PubMedCrossRef

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1993). Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 20–28.PubMedCrossRef

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E., & Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 92–104.PubMedCrossRef

Partonen, T., & Rosenthal, N. E. (2001). Symptoms and course of illness. In T. Partonen, & A. Magnusson, (Eds), Seasonal affective disorder: Practice and research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The attributional style questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 287–299.CrossRef

Reardon, A., Young, M. A., & Blodgett, C. (2001, November). Patterns of symptom remission in seasonal affective disorder. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research in Psychopathology, Madison, WI.

Rohan, K. J., Lindsey, K. T., Roecklein, K. A., & Lacy, T. J. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination in treating seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 80, 273–283.PubMedCrossRef

Rohan, K. J., Sigmon, S. T., & Dorhofer, D. M. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral factors in seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 22–30.PubMedCrossRef

Rosenthal, N. E., Genhart, M., Sack, D. A., Skwerer, R. G., & Wehr, T. A. (1987). Seasonal affective disorder: Relevance for treatment and research of bulimia. In J. L. Hudson, & H. G. Pope, (Eds.), Psychobiology of Bulimia. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.

Rosenthal, N. E., Sack, D. A., Gillin, J. C., Lewy, A. J., Goodwin, F. K., Davenport, Y., Muller, P. S., Newsome, D. A., & Wehr, T. A. (1984). Seasonal affective disorder: A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 72–80.PubMed

Schmitt, L., & Young, M. A. (2000, May). Clustering of symptoms across the offset of seasonal affective disorder. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms, Evanston, IL.

Segal, Z. V., Gemar, M. C., & Williams, S. (1999). Differential cognitive response to a mood challenge following successful cognitive therapy or pharmacotherapy for unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 3–10.PubMedCrossRef

Segal, Z. V., & Ingram, R. E. (1994). Mood priming and construct activation in tests of cognitive vulnerability to unipolar depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 663–695.CrossRef

Spoont, M. R., Depue, R. A., & Krauss, S. S. (1991). Dimensional measurement of seasonal variation in mood and behavior. Psychiatry Research, 39, 269–284.PubMedCrossRef

Steer, R. A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1999). Dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory—II in clinical depressed outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 117–128.PubMedCrossRef

Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247–259.CrossRef

Weissman, A. N. (1979). The dysfunctional attitude scale: A validation study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1979). Dissertation Abstracts International, 40(3-B), 1389–1390.

Weissman, A. N., & Beck, A. T. (1978, November). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A preliminary investigation. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Whisman, M. A., Miller, I. W., Norman, W. H., & Keitner, G. I. (1991). Cognitive therapy with depressed inpatients: Specific effects on dysfunctional cognitions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 282–288.PubMedCrossRef

Williams, J. B., Link, M. J., Rosenthal, N. E., Amira, L., & Terman, M. (1992). Structured interview guide for the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression—seasonal affective disorder version (SIGH-SAD). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.

Yin, P., & Fan, X. (2000). Assessing the reliability of Beck Depression Inventory scores: Reliability generalization across studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60, 201–223.CrossRef

Young, M. A. (1999). Integrating psychological and physiological mechanisms of SAD: The dual vulnerability model. Biological Rhythms Bulletin, 1, 4–6.

Young, M. A., & Azam, O. A. (2003). Ruminative response style and the severity of seasonal affective disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 223–233.CrossRef

Young, M. A., Blodgett, C., & Reardon, A. (2003). Measuring seasonality: Psychometric properties of the SPAQ and ISV. Psychiatry Research, 117, 75–83.PubMedCrossRef

Young, M. A., Watel, L. G., Lahmeyer, H. W., & Eastman, C. I. (1991). The temporal onset of individual symptoms in winter depression: Differentiating underlying mechanisms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 22, 191–197.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression in Seasonal Affective Disorder: Predicting Mood and Cognitive Symptoms in Individuals with Seasonal Vegetative Changes
Auteurs: Justin L. Enggasser
Michael A. Young
Publicatiedatum: 01-02-2007
Uitgeverij: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 1/2007
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9076-z

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2007

Coping Attitudes Scale: Psychometric Properties of a Measure of Positive Attitudes in Depression

Do Religious and Control Cognitions Predict Risky Behavior? I. Development and Validation of the Alcohol-related God Locus of Control Scale for Adolescents (AGLOC-A)

Contributions of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale to Measuring Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression

Self-Organization in Bipolar Disorder: Compartmentalization and Self-Complexity

Patterns of Coping, Flexibility in Coping and Psychological Distress in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer

Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Certainty in Pessimistic Predictions about the Future