Top

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Gepubliceerd in:

10-01-2024 | Original Article

Cognitive biases involving readiness to categorise food in terms of calorie content in anorexia nervosa

Auteurs: Laura Dondzilo, Andrea Phillipou, Stephanie Miles, Nienke Jonker, Emily Jeffery, Colin MacLeod

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2024

Abstract

Background

This research proposes that cognitive biases involving the categorisation of food in terms of calorie content may contribute to restrictive eating in anorexia nervosa (AN). The current study sought to discriminate the validity of two novel hypotheses: (1) People with AN more readily categorise food in terms of calorie content rather than in terms of alternative dimensions (e.g., tastiness), and (2) people with AN have difficulty reclassifying food initially categorised in terms of calorie content, in terms of alternative dimensions.

Methods

To test these hypotheses, a novel food categorisation task was developed and delivered to people with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of AN (N = 48) and to people with no history of an eating disorder (N = 133). Participants categorised food in terms of calorie content or tastiness.

Results

Results revealed that the AN group, relative to the comparison group, was faster to categorise food in terms of calorie content and slower to reclassify food initially categorised in terms of calorie content.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that AN is characterised by both an inflated tendency to categorise food in terms of calorie content and to become subsequently stuck on this categorisation.

vorige artikel Association Between Judgment Biases During Facial Processing and Body Dysmorphic Symptomatology

volgende artikel What Does ‘High Anxiety Sensitivity’ Look Like? Using Cluster Analysis to Identify Distinct Profiles of High Anxiety Sensitive Treatment-Seekers

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Additionally, a post-hoc decision was made to exclude people who identified as male (N = 42) or non-binary (N = 2) in an effort to more closely match the two groups.

Using the 175 kcal/100 g cut-off to classify food items as high vs. low calorie was in accordance with prior research (Jensen et al., 2016). On the basis of this criteria, the AN group did not differ from the comparison group in terms of accuracy in correctly classifying food items as high vs. low calorie (M = 86.80, SD = 26.33 vs. M = 85.63, SD = 14.02; t(56.90) = 0.29, p = .770).

To establish a lifetime diagnosis of AN, participants were required to self-report whether they had ever received a diagnosis of AN. Participants were also required to self-report current or past diagnoses of any other eating disorder or psychiatric illness (e.g., depression, anxiety). While several participants in the comparison group self-reported a history of other psychiatric illnesses, their exclusion from analyses did not change the observed pattern of results.

There were no differences in readiness to categorise food in terms of calorie content versus tastiness between individuals with a self-reported current AN diagnosis and individuals with a self-reported past AN diagnosis.

There were no differences in readiness to reclassify food initially categorised in terms of calorie content, in terms of tastiness, between individuals with a self-reported current AN diagnosis and individuals with a self-reported past AN diagnosis.

Berends, T., Boonstra, N., & van Elburg, A. (2018). Relapse in Anorexia Nervosa. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 31(6), 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000453.CrossRefPubMed

Blechert, J., Lender, A., Polk, S., Busch, N. A., & Ohla, K. (2019). Food-Pics _ extended — an image database for Experimental Research on Eating and Appetite: Additional images, normative ratings and an updated review. 10, March, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00307.CrossRef

Brooks, S., Prince, A., Stahl, D., Campbell, I. C., & Treasure, J. (2011). A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive bias to food stimuli in people with disordered eating behaviour. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.006.CrossRefPubMed

Dalton, B., Foerde, K., Bartholdy, S., McClelland, J., Kekic, M., Grycuk, L., Campbell, I. C., Schmidt, U., & Steinglass, J. E. (2020). The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on food choice-related self‐control in patients with severe, enduring Anorexia Nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(8), 1326–1336. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23267.CrossRefPubMed

Dietel, F. A., Jacobs, L., Onken, R., Buhlmann, U., MacLeod, C., & Dondzilo, L. (2023). Association between Judgment biases during Facial Processing and Body Dysmorphic Symptomatology. Cognitive Therapy and Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10399-0.CrossRef

Dondzilo, L., Dietel, F. A., Buhlmann, U., & MacLeod, C. (2021). The role of biases in the judgement processing of (un)attractive faces in body dysmorphic symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 144, 103919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103919.CrossRefPubMed

Dondzilo, L., Spring, S., & MacLeod, C. (2022). Effect of manipulating facial attractiveness judgements on the experience of intrusive thoughts in high facial appearance concern individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 158(April), 104184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2022.104184.CrossRefPubMed

Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (2008). Eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDEQ 6.0). In C. G. Fairburn (Ed.), Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders (pp. 309–314). Guilford Press.

Foerde, K., Schebendach, J. E., Davis, L., Daw, N., Walsh, B. T., Shohamy, D., & Steinglass, J. E. (2022). Restrictive eating across a spectrum from healthy to unhealthy: Behavioral and neural mechanisms. Psychological Medicine, 52(9), 1755–1764. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003542.CrossRefPubMed

Hadigan, C. M., Anderson, E. J., Miller, K. K., Hubbard, J. L., Herzog, D. B., Klibanski, A., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2000). Assessment of macronutrient and micronutrient intake in women with Anorexia Nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28(3), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(200011)28:3<284::AID-EAT5>3.0.CO;2-G.CrossRefPubMed

Harrison, A., Tchanturia, K., & Treasure, J. (2010). Attentional Bias, emotion recognition, and emotion regulation in Anorexia: State or trait? Biological Psychiatry, 68(8), 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.037.CrossRefPubMed

Jensen, C. D., Duraccio, K. M., Barnett, K. A., & Stevens, K. S. (2016). Appropriateness of the food-pics image database for experimental eating and appetite research with adolescents. Eating Behaviors, 23, 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.10.007.CrossRefPubMed

Jones, E. B., & Sharpe, L. (2017). Cognitive bias modification: A review of meta-analyses. Journal of Affective Disorders, 223, 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.034.CrossRefPubMed

Jonker, N. C., Glashouwer, K. A., Hoekzema, A., Ostafin, B. D., & de Jong, P. J. (2019). Attentional engagement with and disengagement from food cues in Anorexia Nervosa. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 114(December 2018), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.003.CrossRefPubMed

Khalsa, S. S., Portnoff, L. C., McCurdy-McKinnon, D., & Feusner, J. D. (2017). What happens after treatment? A systematic review of relapse, remission, and recovery in Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of Eating Disorders, 5(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-017-0145-3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Matheson, E., Wade, T. D., & Yiend, J. (2019). Utilising cognitive bias modification to remedy appearance and self-worth biases in eating disorder psychopathology: A systematic review. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 65, 101482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101482.CrossRefPubMed

Mergelsberg, E. L. P., MacLeod, C., Mullan, B., Rudaizky, D., Allom, V., Houben, K., & Lipp, O. V. (2019). Food healthiness versus tastiness: Contrasting their impact on more and less successful healthy shoppers within a virtual food shopping task. Appetite, 133(October 2018), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.029.

Miles, S., Gnatt, I., Phillipou, A., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2020). Cognitive flexibility in acute Anorexia Nervosa and after recovery: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 81, 101905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101905.CrossRefPubMed

Neimeijer, R. A. M., Roefs, A., Glashouwer, K. A., Jonker, N., & de Jong, P. J. (2019). Reduced automatic approach tendencies towards task-relevant and task-irrelevant food pictures in Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 101496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101496.

Perpiñá, C., Segura, M., & Sánchez-Reales, S. (2017). Cognitive flexibility and decision-making in eating disorders and obesity. Eating and Weight disorders - studies on Anorexia. Bulimia and Obesity, 22(3), 435–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0331-3.CrossRef

Ralph-Nearman, C., Achee, M., Lapidus, R., Stewart, J. L., & Filik, R. (2019). A systematic and methodological review of attentional biases in eating disorders: Food, body, and perfectionism. Brain and Behavior, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1458.

Rudaizky, D., Rinck, M., Becker, E., & MacLeod, C. (2020). Are avoidance biases in social anxiety due to biases in stimulus coding or in post-coding behavioral tendencies? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 132, 103656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103656.CrossRefPubMed

Schebendach, J. E., Mayer, L. E., Devlin, M. J., Attia, E., Contento, I. R., Wolf, R. L., & Walsh, B. T. (2008). Dietary energy density and diet variety as predictors of outcome in Anorexia Nervosa. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(4), 810–816. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.4.810.CrossRefPubMed

Shao, R., Krug, I., & Dondzilo, L. (2023). The Indirect Effect of Biased Judgment Processing of bodies on eating Disorder Symptomatology through eating disorder-specific reflection. Cognitive Therapy and Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10439-9.CrossRef

Steinglass, J. E., Walsh, B. T., & Stern, Y. (2006). Set shifting deficit in Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(03). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617706060528.

Steinglass, J., Foerde, K., Kostro, K., Shohamy, D., & Walsh, B. T. (2015). Restrictive food intake as a choice-A paradigm for study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22345.CrossRefPubMed

Sysko, R., Walsh, B. T., Schebendach, J., & Wilson, G. T. (2005). Eating behavior among women with Anorexia Nervosa. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82(2), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.2.296.CrossRefPubMed

Tchanturia, K., Davies, H., Roberts, M., Harrison, A., Nakazato, M., Schmidt, U., Treasure, J., & Morris, R. (2012). Poor cognitive flexibility in eating disorders: Examining the evidence using the Wisconsin Card sorting Task. Plos One, 7(1), e28331. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028331.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Veenstra, E. M., & de Jong, P. J. (2011). Reduced automatic motivational orientation towards food in restricting Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(3), 708–718. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023926.CrossRefPubMed

Williamson, D. A., Muller, S. L., Reas, D. L., & Thaw, J. M. (1999). Cognitive Bias in Eating disorders. Behavior Modification, 23(4), 556–577. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445599234003.CrossRefPubMed

Williamson, D. A., White, M. A., York-Crowe, E., & Stewart, T. M. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral theories of eating disorders. Behavior Modification, 28(6), 711–738. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259853.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Cognitive biases involving readiness to categorise food in terms of calorie content in anorexia nervosa
Auteurs: Laura Dondzilo
Andrea Phillipou
Stephanie Miles
Nienke Jonker
Emily Jeffery
Colin MacLeod
Publicatiedatum: 10-01-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2024
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10462-w

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2024

Entrée or Sampler? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Approaches to Single Session Internet-Based Interventions

Predictors of Excessive Reassurance Seeking in Social Anxiety

Examining Cultural Differences in How Loneliness is Associated with Psychological Ill-Being Through Social Problem Solving: Does How You Perceive Problems Matter More Than How You Tackle Them?

Reduced Belief Updating in the Context of Depressive Symptoms: An Investigation of the Associations with Interpretation Biases and Self-Evaluation

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Exploring the Additive Clinical Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification-Memory in Depressed Inpatients

Emphasizing Controllability over Biological Processes Underlying Depression: Effects on the Perceived Credibility of Psychotherapy