Top

Gepubliceerd in:

22-11-2023 | Original Article

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Exploring the Additive Clinical Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification-Memory in Depressed Inpatients

Auteurs: Janna N. Vrijsen, Hanah Windbergs, Eni S. Becker, Norbert Scherbaum, Bernhard W. Müller, Indira Tendolkar

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2024

Abstract

Background

Depression often leads to clinical admission. Stimulating positive memory bias through repeated retrieval can counteract a ruminative depressotypic processing style. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM)-Memory is a psychological intervention, which was evaluated as possible adjunct treatment for depressed inpatients.

Methods

A randomized controlled pilot study with a one-week follow-up was implemented to compare the effect of a four-session positive CBM-Memory intervention to a neutral CBM-Memory version. Training-congruent retrieval (as manipulation check), and transfer to rumination (as mechanistic target) and depressive symptoms (self-rated and clinician-rated; indication of clinical relevance) were assessed.

Results

In the intention-to-treat sample (N = 81, M_age=35.6/SD = 11.9, 60% female), condition-congruent memory retrieval of previously presented target words was found after the training and at follow-up (large effect-sizes). Positive CBM-Memory intervention resulted in sustained recall bias and largest rumination reduction with a small-medium effect size. Additionally, the conditions did not differ significantly on the reduction in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Positive CBM-Memory intervention yielded positive recall bias, which was still present one week later. Additionally, the positive condition did yield more decrease in trait (but not state) rumination, providing some support for rumination as mechanistic target of positive CBM-Memory. However, there was no evidence for transfer of the training effect to depressive symptoms, indicating no superiority on clinical recovery of the positive over the neutral condition. Future research should examine a higher dosage, integration of CBM in the treatment provision, and its long-term effects in a well-powered trial.

vorige artikel Efficacy of Remote Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Improving Health Status of Patients with Insomnia Symptoms: A Meta-analysis

volgende artikel Reduced Belief Updating in the Context of Depressive Symptoms: An Investigation of the Associations with Interpretation Biases and Self-Evaluation

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Abend, R., Dan, O., Maoz, K., Raz, S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2014). Reliability, validity and sensitivity of a computerized visual analog scale measuring state anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(4), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.06.004.CrossRefPubMed

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.

and Establishes Biased Recall a week later. Cognitive Therapy and Research (in press).

Beck, A. T., & Bredemeier, K. (2016). A unified model of depression: Integrating clinical, cognitive, biological, and evolutionary perspectives. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 596–619.CrossRef

Blackwell, S. E. (2020). Clinical efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 465–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30170-X.CrossRefPubMed

Blackwell, S. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2010). Modifying interpretation and imagination in clinical depression: A single case series using cognitive bias modification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(3), 338–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1680.CrossRef

Blackwell, S. E., Woud, M. L., & MacLeod, C. (2017). A question of control? Examining the role of control conditions in experimental psychopathology using the Example of Cognitive Bias Modification Research. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20, E54. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2017.41.CrossRefPubMed

Bø, R., Kraft, B., Pedersen, M. L., Joormann, J., Jonassen, R., Osnes, K., & Landrø, N. I. (2023). The effect of attention bias modification on depressive symptoms in a comorbid sample: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291722003956.

Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. Am Psychol, 36(2), 129–148. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7224324.

Burt, D. B., Zembar, M. J., & Niederehe, G. (1995). Depression and memory impairment: A meta-analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 117(2), 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.285.CrossRefPubMed

Carvalho, A. F., Cavalcante, J. L., Castelo, M. S., & Lima, M. C. (2007). Augmentation strategies for treatment-resistant depression: A literature review. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 32(5), 415–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00846.x.CrossRefPubMed

Clark, L., Chamberlain, S. R., & Sahakian, B. J. (2009). Neurocognitive mechanisms in depression: Implications for treatment. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 32, 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125618.CrossRefPubMed

Collegium Internationale Psychiatriae Scalarum (2015). In (Eds.), Internationale Skalen für Psychiatrie (Vol. 6). Hogrefe Verlag.

Cristea, I. A., Kok, R. N., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146761.CrossRef

Dainer-Best, J., Lee, H. Y., Shumake, J. D., Yeager, D. S., & Beevers, C. G. (2018). Determining optimal parameters of the self-referent encoding task: A large-scale examination of self-referent cognition and depression. Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000602.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Derry, P. A., & Kuiper, N. A. (1981). Schematic processing and self-reference in clinical depression. J Abnorm Psychol, 90(4), 286–297. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7264058.

Dobson, K. S., & Shaw, B. F. (1987). Specificity and stability of self-referent encoding in clinical depression. J Abnorm Psychol, 96(1), 34–40. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3558947.

Eekhout, I., de Vet, H. C. W., Twisk, J. W. R., Brand, J. P. L., de Boer, M. R., & Heymans, M. W. (2014). Missing data in a multi-item instrument were best handled by multiple imputation at the item score level. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(3), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.09.009.CrossRefPubMed

Everaert, J., Vrijsen, J. N., Martin-Willett, R., van de Kraats, L., & Joormann, J. (2022). A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relationship Between Explicit Memory Bias and Depression: Depression Features an Explicit Memory Bias That Persists Beyond a Depressive Episode. In. Psychological Bulletin.

First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (1996). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV disorders—Research Version (SCID-I, Version 2.0). Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.

Fodor, L. A., Georgescu, R., Cuijpers, P., Szamoskozi, Ş., David, D., Furukawa, T. A., & Cristea, I. A. (2020). Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depressive disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 506–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30130-9.CrossRefPubMed

Fugger, G., Waldhör, T., Hinterbuchinger, B., Pruckner, N., König, D., Gmeiner, A., & Fellinger, M. (2020). Pattern of inpatient care for depression: An analysis of 232,289 admissions. Bmc Psychiatry, 20(1), 375. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02781-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gaddy, M. A., & Ingram, R. E. (2014). A meta-analytic review of mood-congruent implicit memory in depressed mood. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(5), 402–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.06.001.CrossRefPubMed

Gartlehner, G., Hansen, R. A., Morgan, L. C., Thaler, K., Lux, L., Van Noord, M., & Lohr, K. N. (2011). Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder: An updated meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(11), 772–785. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00009.CrossRefPubMed

Gold, S. M., Enck, P., Hasselmann, H., Friede, T., Hegerl, U., Mohr, D. C., & Otte, C. (2017). Control conditions for randomised trials of behavioural interventions in psychiatry: A decision framework. Lancet Psychiatry, 4(9), 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30153-0.CrossRefPubMed

Goldstein, B. L., Hayden, E. P., & Klein, D. N. (2015). Stability of self-referent encoding task performance and associations with change in depressive symptoms from early to middle childhood. Cognition and Emotion, 29(8), 1445–1455. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.990358.CrossRefPubMed

Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 23, 56–62. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14399272.

Hammen, C., & Zupan, B. A. (1984). Self-schemas, depression, and the processing of personal information in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 37, 598–608.CrossRefPubMed

Harmer, C. J., Hill, S. A., Taylor, M. J., Cowen, P. J., & Goodwin, G. M. (2003). Toward a neuropsychological theory of antidepressant drug action: Increase in positive emotional bias after potentiation of norepinephrine activity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(5), 990–992. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.990.CrossRefPubMed

Hertel, P. T., & Brozovich, F. (2010). Cognitive habits and memory distortions in anxiety and depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 155–160.CrossRef

Hertel, P. T., Maydon, A., Cottle, J., & Vrijsen, J. N. (2016). Cognitive Bias Modification: Retrieval Practice to Simulate and Oppose Ruminative Memory Biases. Clinical Psychological Science, in press.

Hertel, P. T., Maydon, A., Cottle, J., & Vrijsen, J. N. (2017). Cognitive Bias modification: Retrieval Practice to simulate and oppose ruminative memory biases. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(1), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702616649366.CrossRef

Ingram, R. E. (1984). Toward an information-processing analysis of depression. In (Vol. Cognitive Therapy and Research, pp. 443–477).

Insel, T. R. (2015). The NIMH experimental medicine initiative. World Psychiatry, 14(2), 151–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20227.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ioannidis, J. P. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. Plos Medicine, 2(8), e124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jones, E. B., & Sharpe, L. (2017). Cognitive bias modification: A review of meta-analyses. Journal of Affective Disorders, 223, 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.034.CrossRefPubMed

Joormann, J., & Arditte, K. A. (2015). Cognitive aspects of depression. In G. IH, & H. C (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 298–321). Guilford.

Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966–968. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152408.CrossRefPubMed

Kleine-Budde, K., Müller, R., Kawohl, W., Bramesfeld, A., Moock, J., & Rössler, W. (2013). The cost of depression - a cost analysis from a large database. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1–3), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.024.CrossRefPubMed

Kühner, C., Huffziger, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2007). RSQ - D: Response styles Questionnaire. Hogrefe.

Lehrl, S., Merz, J., Fischer, S., & Burkhard, G. (1991). Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest. Spitta.

LeMoult, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019). Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.008.CrossRefPubMed

Lim, G. Y., Tam, W. W., Lu, Y., Ho, C. S., Zhang, M. W., & Ho, R. C. (2018). Prevalence of Depression in the community from 30 countries between 1994 and 2014. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2861. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21243-x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Maß, R., Backhaus, K., Hestermann, D., Balzer, C., & Szelies, M. (2019). Inpatient treatment decreases depression but antidepressants may not contribute. A prospective quasi-experimental study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 94, 152124

MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002). Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(1), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.111.1.107.CrossRefPubMed

Mor, N., Marchetti, I., & Koster, E. H. W. (2013). The momentary ruminative self-focus inventory (MRSI): Validation and psychometric evaluation. Submitted for publication.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspect Psychol Sci, 3(5), 400–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x.CrossRefPubMed

Raes, F. H., & DEelen, P. (2003). De Nederlandstalige Versie Van De Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-NL) en de Rumination on Sadness Scale (RSS-NL). Gedragstherapie, 36, 97–104.

Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.003.CrossRefPubMed

Schmidtke, D. S., Schroder, T., Jacobs, A. M., & Conrad, M. (2014). ANGST: Affective norms for German sentiment terms, derived from the affective norms for English words. Behav Res, 46(4), 1108–1118. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0426-y.CrossRef

Visser, D. A., Tendolkar, I., Schene, A. H., van de Kraats, L., Ruhe, H. G., & Vrijsen, J. N. (2020). A pilot study of smartphone-based memory bias modification and its effect on memory bias and depressive symptoms in an unselected population. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44, 61–72.CrossRef

Vo, M. L. H., Conrad, M., Kuchinke, L., Urton, K., Hofmann, M. J., & Jacobs, A. M. (2009). The Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R). Behav Res, 41(2), 534–538. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.2.534.CrossRef

Vrijsen, J. N., Hertel, P. T., & Becker, E. S. (2016a). Practicing emotionally biased Retrieval affects Mood and establishes biased recall a week later. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(6), 764–773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9789-6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vrijsen, J. N., Hertel, P. T., & Becker, E. S. (2016b). Practicing Emotionally Biased Retrieval Affects Mood.

Vrijsen, J. N., Dainer-Best, J., Witcraft, S. M., Papini, S., Hertel, P., Beevers, C. G., & Smits, J. A. J. (2018). Effect of cognitive bias modification-memory on depressive symptoms and autobiographical memory bias: Two Independent studies in high-ruminating and dysphoric samples. Cognition and Emotion, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1450225.

Vrijsen, J. N., Dainer-Best, J., Witcraft, S. M., Papini, S., Hertel, P., Beevers, C. G., & Smits, J. A. J. (2019). Effect of cognitive bias modification-memory on depressive symptoms and autobiographical memory bias: Two Independent studies in high-ruminating and dysphoric samples. Cognition and Emotion, 33(2), 288–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1450225.CrossRefPubMed

Vrijsen, J. N., de Kleine, R. A., Becker, E. S., Wenzel, A., & Smits, J. A. (2021a). Empirical status of mechanisms of change. In.

Vrijsen, J. N., Ikani, N., Souren, P., Rinck, M., Tendolkar, I., & Schene, A. H. (2021b). How context, mood, and emotional memory interact in depression: A study in everyday life. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000783.CrossRefPubMed

Williams, J. M. (2006). Capture and rumination, functional avoidance, and executive control (CaRFAX): Three processes that underlie overgeneral memory. Cognition and Emotion, 20(3–4), 548–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930500450465.CrossRefPubMed

Windbergs, H. (2021). Cognitive bias modification-memory: A computer-based emotional memory training as add-on treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. Universität Duisburg-Essen.

Wisco, B. E. (2009). Depressive cognition: Self-reference and depth of processing. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(4), 382–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.03.003.CrossRefPubMed

Zakzanis, K. K., Leach, L., & Kaplan, E. (1998). On the nature and pattern of neurocognitive function in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol, 11(3), 111–119. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9742509.

Titel: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Exploring the Additive Clinical Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification-Memory in Depressed Inpatients
Auteurs: Janna N. Vrijsen
Hanah Windbergs
Eni S. Becker
Norbert Scherbaum
Bernhard W. Müller
Indira Tendolkar
Publicatiedatum: 22-11-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2024
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10452-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2024

Entrée or Sampler? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Approaches to Single Session Internet-Based Interventions

Open Access
Original Article

Examining Cultural Differences in How Loneliness is Associated with Psychological Ill-Being Through Social Problem Solving: Does How You Perceive Problems Matter More Than How You Tackle Them?

Original Article

A Schema Conceptualisation of Psychosocial Functioning Among Transitioned Military Personnel

Original Article

Emphasizing Controllability over Biological Processes Underlying Depression: Effects on the Perceived Credibility of Psychotherapy

Original Article

The Regulatory Role of Cognitive Reappraisal in the Effect of Neuroticism on Test Anxiety

Original Article

Predictors of Excessive Reassurance Seeking in Social Anxiety

Original Article