Top

Gepubliceerd in:

04-10-2016 | Original Article

Child Abuse and Psychiatric Co-morbidity Among Chinese Adolescents: Emotional Processing as Mediator and PTSD from Past Trauma as Moderator

Auteurs: Man Cheung Chung, Zhuo Sheng Chen

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 4/2017

Abstract

This study investigated whether child abuse was associated with psychiatric co-morbidity in a group of Chinese adolescents, and whether this association would be mediated by emotional processing difficulties and moderated by the severity of PTSD from other traumas in the past. Four hundred seventy-four adolescents participated in the study. They completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form, General Health Questionnaire-28, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, and Emotional processing scale-25. The results showed that after adjusting for the total number of traumatic events and how long ago the most traumatic event occurred, child abuse was associated with psychiatric co-morbidity. This association was not moderated by the severity of PTSD from past traumas but mediated by emotion processing difficulties. To conclude, adolescents who experience child abuse can develop emotional processing difficulties which in turn impact on psychiatric symptoms. Experience of past trauma does not influence these psychological processes.

vorige artikel Social Support, Parenting, and Social Emotional Development in Young Mexican and Dominican American Children

volgende artikel Developmental Trajectories of Youth Conduct Problems: Testing Later Development and Related Outcomes in a 12-Year Period

Brown EJ (2005) Correlates and treatment of stress disorder in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Ann 35(9):759–765

Greger HK, Myhre AK, Lydersen S, Jozefiak T (2015) Previous maltreatment and present mental health in a high-risk adolescent population. Child Abuse Neglect 45:122–134CrossRefPubMed

Manoj J, Thomas J (2014) Prevalence of maltreatment of adolescents among high school children in Kerala. In: Merrick J (ed) Child and adolescent health yearbook 2013. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 317–322

Arata CM, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Bowers D, O’Farrill-Swails L (2005) Single versus multi-type maltreatment: an examination of the long-term effects of child abuse. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 11:29–52CrossRef

Kaplan SJ, Pelcovitz D, Labruna V (1999) Child and adolescent abuse and neglect research: a review of the past 10 years. Part I: physical and emotional abuse and neglect. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:1214–1222CrossRefPubMed

Arata C, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Bowers D, O’Brien N (2007) Differential correlates of multi-type maltreatment among urban youth. Child Abuse Neglect 31:393–415CrossRefPubMed

Brewin CR (1996) Cognitive processing of adverse experiences. Int Rev Psychiatry 8(4):333–339CrossRef

Weber S, Jud A, Landolt M (2016) Quality of life in maltreated children and adult survivors of child maltreatment: a systematic review. Qual Life Res 25:237–255

Williamson JM, Borduin CM, Howe BA (1991) The ecology of adolescent maltreatment: a multilevel examination of adolescent physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. J Consult Clin Psychol 59:449–457CrossRefPubMed

10.

Wolfe DA, Scott K, Wekerle C, Pittman A-L (2001) Child maltreatment: risk of adjustment problems and dating violence in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40(3):282–289CrossRefPubMed

11.

van Vugt E, Lanctot N, Paquette G, Collin-Vezina D, Lemieux A (2014) Girls in residential care: from child maltreatment to trauma-related symptoms in emerging adulthood. Child Abuse Neglect 38(1):114–122CrossRefPubMed

12.

Ometto M, Oliveira PA, Milioni AL, Santos B, Scivoletto S, Busatto GF et al (2016) Social skills and psychopathic traits in maltreated adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 25:397–405

13.

Sar V, Onder C, Kilincaslan A, Zoroglu SS, Alyanak B (2014) Dissociative identity disorder among adolescents: prevalence in a university psychiatric outpatient unit. J Trauma Dissociation 15(4):402–419CrossRefPubMed

14.

McLean CP, Rosenbach SB, Capaldi S, Foa EB (2013) Social and academic functioning in adolescents with child sexual abuse-related PTSD. Child Abuse Neglect 37(9):675–678CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

O’Brien BS, Sher L (2013) Child sexual abuse and the pathophysiology of suicide in adolescents and adults. Int J Adolesc Med Health 25(3):201–205PubMed

16.

Flannery DJ, Wester KL, Singer MI (2004) Impact of exposure to violence in school on child and adolescent mental health and behavior. J Community Psychol 32(5):559–573CrossRef

17.

Ford JD, Elhai JD, Connor DF, Frueh B (2010) Poly-victimization and risk of posttraumatic, depressive, and substance use disorders and involvement in delinquency in a national sample of adolescents. J Adolesc Health 46(6):545–552CrossRefPubMed

18.

Fisak B (2014) Trauma-related problems and disorders. Comprehensive evidence based interventions for children and adolescents. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 287–300

19.

Gerson R (2015) Child abuse and trauma. Helping kids in crisis: managing psychiatric emergencies in children and adolescents. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc, Arlington, pp 91–108

20.

Ghazali SR, Elklit A, Balang RV, Sultan M, Kana K (2014) Preliminary findings on lifetime trauma prevalence and PTSD symptoms among adolescents in Sarawak Malaysia. Asian J Psychiatry 11:45–49CrossRef

21.

Adams ZW, Moreland A, Cohen JR, Lee RC, Hanson RF, Danielson CK et al (2016) Polyvictimization: latent profiles and mental health outcomes in a clinical sample of adolescents. Psychol Violence 6:145–155

22.

Gustafsson PE, Nilsson D, Svedin CG (2009) Polytraumatization and psychological symptoms in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18(5):274–283CrossRefPubMed

23.

Clark DB, Thatcher DL, Martin CS (2010) Child abuse and other traumatic experiences, alcohol use disorders, and health problems in adolescence and young adulthood. J Pediatr Psychol 35(5):499–510CrossRefPubMed

24.

Brosky BA, Lally SJ (2004) Prevalence of trauma, PTSD, and dissociation in court-referred adolescents. J Interpers Violence 19:801–814CrossRefPubMed

25.

Ndetei DM, Ongecha-Owuor FA, Khasakhala L, Mutiso V, Odhiambo G, Kokonya DA (2007) Traumatic experiences of Kenyan secondary school students. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 19(2):147–155CrossRefPubMed

26.

Silva RR, Alpert M, Munoz DM, Singh S, Matzner F, Dummit S (2000) Stress and vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 157(8):1229–1235CrossRefPubMed

27.

Layne CM, Greeson JK, Ostrowski SA, Kim S, Reading S, Vivrette RL et al (2014) Cumulative trauma exposure and high risk behavior in adolescence: findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set. Psychol Trauma 6(Suppl 1):S40–S49

28.

Li Y, Cao F-l, Cui N-x, Li Y-l (2012) Child abuse and neglect, executive function, and emotional and behavioral problems in rural adolescents. Chin J Clin Psychol 20(6):813–815

29.

McLaughlin KA, Peverill M, Gold AL, Alves S, Sheridan MA (2015) Child maltreatment and neural systems underlying emotion regulation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54(9):753–762CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Owens M, Goodyer IM, Wilkinson P, Bhardwaj A, Abbott R, Croudace T et al (2012) 5-HTTLPR and early childhood adversities moderate cognitive and emotional processing in adolescence. PLoS ONE 7(11):e48482CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Marusak HA, Martin KR, Etkin A, Thomason ME (2015) Childhood trauma exposure disrupts the automatic regulation of emotional processing. Neuropsychopharmacology 40(5):1250–1258CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Levitt JT, Cloitre M (2005) A Clinician’s guide to STAIR/MPE: treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. Cogn Behav Pract 12(1):40–52CrossRef

33.

Powers A, Cross D, Fani N, Bradley B (2015) PTSD, emotion dysregulation, and dissociative symptoms in a highly traumatized sample. J Psychiatr Res 61:174–179CrossRefPubMed

34.

Young JC, Widom CS (2014) Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on emotion processing in adulthood. Child Abuse Neglect 38(8):1369–1381CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Bell KM, Naugle AE (2008) The role of emotion recognition skills in adult sexual revictimization. J Behav Anal Offender Vict Treat Prev 1(4):93–118CrossRef

36.

Arntz A (1994) Treatment of borderline personality disorder: a challenge for cognitive-behavioural therapy. Behav Res Ther 32(4):419–430CrossRefPubMed

37.

Mitchell KS, Mazzeo SE (2005) Mediators of the association between abuse and disordered eating in undergraduate men. Eat Behav 6(4):318–327CrossRefPubMed

38.

Zeller MH, Noll JG, Sarwer DB, Reiter-Purtill J, Rofey DL, Baughcum AE et al (2015) Child maltreatment and the adolescent patient with severe obesity: implications for clinical care. J Pediatr Psychol 40(7):640–648CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Zlotnick C, Zakriski AL, Shea M, Costello E (1996) The long-term sequelae of sexual abuse: support for a complex posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress 9(2):195–205CrossRefPubMed

40.

Carpenter L, Chung MC (2011) Childhood trauma in obsessive compulsive disorder: the roles of alexithymia and attachment. Psychol Psychother 84(4):367–388CrossRefPubMed

41.

Briere J (2002) Treating adult survivors of severe childhood abuse and neglect: future development of an integrative model. In: Myers LB JFB, Briere J (eds) The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, pp 175–204

42.

Brewin CR, Dalgleish T, Joseph S (1996) A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Rev 103(4):670–686CrossRefPubMed

43.

Pennebaker JW (1995) Emotion, disclosure & health. American Psychological Association., Washington DCCrossRef

44.

Amstadter AB, Vernon LL (2008) A preliminary examination of thought suppression, emotion regulation, and coping in a trauma-exposed sample. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 17:279–295CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Gross JJ, John OP (2003) Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 85:348–362CrossRefPubMed

46.

Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T et al (2003) Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Neglect 27:169–190CrossRefPubMed

47.

Fu W-Q, Yao S-Q (2005) Initial reliability and validity of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ-SF) applied in chinese college students. Chin J Clin Psychol 13(1):40–42

48.

Goldberg D, Hillier V (1979) A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychol Med 9:139–145CrossRefPubMed

49.

Raphael B, Lundin T, Weisaeth L (1989) A research method for the study of psychological and psychiatric aspects of disaster. Acta Psychiatr Scand 353:1–75CrossRef

50.

Goldberg D, Bridges KW (1987) Screening for psychiatric illness in general practice: the general practitioner versus the screening questionnaire. J R Coll Gen Pract 37:15–18PubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Chen ZS, Chung MC (2016) The relationship between gender, posttraumatic stress disorder from past trauma, alexithymia and psychiatric co-morbidity in Chinese adolescents: a moderated mediational analysis. Psychiatr Q 87:689–701

52.

Foa EB, Cashman L, Jaycox L, Perry K (1997) The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder. The posttraumatic diagnostic scale. Psychol Assess 9:445–451CrossRef

53.

Stein MB, Walker JR, Hazen AL, Forde DR (1997) Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey. Am J Psychiatry 154:1114–1119CrossRefPubMed

54.

Baker R, Thomas S, Thomas WP, Owens M (2007) Development of an emotional processing scale. J Psychosom Res 62:167–178CrossRefPubMed

55.

Wang H-b, Liu T, Lu J-m, Zhang J-j (2013) Reliability and validity of the emotional processing scale in Chinese undergraduates. Chin J Clin Psychol 21(2):209–212

56.

Hayes AF (2013) Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. The Guilford Press, New York

57.

MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Williams J (2004) Confidence limits for the indirect effect. Distribution of the produce and resampling methods. Multivar Behav Res 39:99–128CrossRef

58.

Enders CK (2011) A primer on maximum likelihood algorithms available for use with missing data. Struct Equ Model 8:128–141CrossRef

59.

Schafer JL, Graham JW (2002) Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods 7:147–177CrossRefPubMed

60.

Friedman M, Keane T, Resick P (eds) (2007) Handbook of PTSD: science and practice. Guilford, New York

61.

Vogt D, King D, King L (2007) Risk pathways in PTSD: making sense of the literature. In: Friedman M, Kean T, Resick P (eds) Handbook of PTSD: science and practice. Guildford, New York, pp 99–116

62.

Ehring T, Quack D (2010) Emotion regulation difficulties in trauma survivors: the role of trauma type and PTSD symptom severity. Behav Ther 41:587–598CrossRefPubMed

63.

Lilly MM, Lim BH (2013) Shared pathogeneses of posttrauma pathologies: attachment, emotion regulation and cognitions. J Clin Psychol 69:737–748CrossRefPubMed

64.

Westphal M, Olfson M, Bravova M, Gameroff MJ, Gross R, al e (2013) Borderline personality disorder, exposure to interpersonal trauma, and psychiatric comorbidity in urban primary care patients. Psychiatry 76:365–380CrossRefPubMed

65.

Jayawickreme N, Jayawickreme E, Foa EB (2013) Using the individualism-collectivism construct to understand cultural differences in PTSD. In: Gow KM, Celinski MJ (eds) Mass trauma: impact and recovery issues. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, pp 55–76

66.

Yeomans PD, Forman EM (2009) Cultural factors in traumatic stress. In: Eshun S, Gurung RAR (ed) Culture and mental health. Wiley-Blackwell., Chichester, pp 221–244CrossRef

67.

Kaehler LA, Babcock R, DePrince AP, Freyd JJ (2013) Betrayal trauma. Treating complex traumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents: scientific foundations and therapeutic models. Guilford Press, New York, pp 62–78

68.

Erikson EH (1963) Childhood and society. Norton, New York

69.

Erikson EH (1968) Identity: youth and crisis. Norton, New York

70.

Kaplan MH, Feinstein AR (1974) Clinical symptoms and comorbidity in evaluation the outcome of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Chronic Disease 27:387–404CrossRef

71.

Achenbach TM, Edelbrock CS (1978) The classification of child psychopathology: a review and analysis of empirical efforts. Psychol Bull 85:1275–1301CrossRefPubMed

72.

Lilienfeld SO (2003) Comorbidity between and within childhood externalizing and internalizing disorders: reflections and directions. J Abnorm Child Psychol 31:285–291CrossRefPubMed

73.

Cloitre M, Stolbach BC, Herman JL, van der Kolk B, Pynoos R, Wang J et al (2009) A developmental approach to complex PTSD: childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. J Trauma Stress 22:399–408CrossRefPubMed

74.

Ford JD (2013) Enhancing emotional regulation with complex trauma survivors. In: Murphy D, Joseph S (eds) Trauma and the therapeutic relationship. Palgrave, Basingstoke

75.

Bagby RM, Parker JDA, Taylor GJ (1994) The twenty-item toronto alexithymia scale-I: item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res 38:23–32CrossRefPubMed

76.

Horowitz MJ (1976) Stress response syndromes. Aronson, Northvale

77.

Helmes E, McNeill PD, Holden RR, Jackson C (2008) The construct of alexithymia: associations with defense mechanisms. J Clin Psychol 64:318–331CrossRefPubMed

78.

Meganck R, Vanheule S, Desmet M (2013) Affective processing and affect regulation: a clinical interview study. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 61:NP12-NP6CrossRef

79.

Busch FN (2014) Clinical approaches to somatization. J Clin Psychol 70:419–427CrossRefPubMed

80.

Mesquita B, Albert D (2007) The cultural regulation of emotions. In: Gross JJ (ed) Handbook of emotion regulation. The Guildford Press, New York, pp 486–503

81.

Rothbart MK, Sheese BE (2007) Temperament and emotion regulation. In: Gross JJ (ed) Handbook of emotion regulation. The Guildford Press, New York, pp 331–350

82.

John OP, Gross JJ (2007) Individual differences in emotion regulation. In: Gross JJ (ed) Handbook of emotion regulation. The Guildford Press, New York, pp 351–372

83.

Greenhoot AF, Tsethlikai M (2009) Repressed and recovered memories during childhood and adolescence. In: Kuehnle K, Connell M (eds) The evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations: a comprehensive guide to assessment and testimony, vol 25. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 203–244

84.

Geraerts E (2010) Posttraumatic memory. In: Rosen GM, Frueh BC (eds) Clinician’s guide to posttraumatic stress disorder, vol 14. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 77–95

85.

Lerner RM, Castellino DR (2002) Contemporary developmental theory and adolescence: developmental systems and applied developmental science. J Adolesc Health 31:122–135CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Child Abuse and Psychiatric Co-morbidity Among Chinese Adolescents: Emotional Processing as Mediator and PTSD from Past Trauma as Moderator
Auteurs: Man Cheung Chung
Zhuo Sheng Chen
Publicatiedatum: 04-10-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0687-7

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2017

Personality Development Within a Generational Context: Life Course Outcomes of Shy Children

A Biopsychosocial Approach to Risk and Resilience on Behavior in Children Followed from Birth to Age 12

The Parenting Anxious Kids Ratings Scale-Parent Report (PAKRS-PR): Initial Scale Development and Psychometric Properties

Longitudinal Trajectories of Depression Symptoms in Adolescence: Psychosocial Risk Factors and Outcomes

Violence, Trauma, Mental Health, and Substance Use Among Homeless Youth Juggalos

Testing Reciprocal Links Between Trouble Getting to Sleep and Internalizing Behavior Problems, and Bedtime Resistance and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Toddlers