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2015 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

1. Biomoleculen

Auteur : Frans C. Schuit

Gepubliceerd in: Leerboek metabolisme

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

Hoofdstuk 1 bespreekt de structuur en functie van de belangrijkste biomoleculen. Eerst bekijken we de koolhydraten (suikers), die brandstof zijn in het energiemetabolisme maar ook uitblinken als structuurgevende moleculen. De tweede groep zijn de lipiden (vetten), die met hun apolaire groepen grenzen vormen in een ‘levende waterwereld’ (biologische membranen). Vetten vormen met triglyceriden ook een uitmuntende vorm van strategische brandstof. De derde groep biomoleculen bestaat uit proteïnen (eiwitten), die opgebouwd zijn als een ketting van twintig soorten aminozuren. Proteïnen staan centraal in het uitvoeren van metabole functies: we denken hierbij aan de vele enzymen die chemische reacties katalyseren en vele hormonen die regelaars zijn van het metabolisme. De vierde groep biomoleculen bestaat uit informatiedragende nucleïnezuren RNA (ribonucleïnezuur) en DNA (desoxyribonucleïnezuur). DNA bevat de erfelijke informatie die de eiwitten coderen om een mens te laten functioneren; RNA is de vanuit DNA afgeschreven informatie die een interface maakt tussen DNA en eiwitten.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Biomoleculen biomoleculen
Auteur
Frans C. Schuit
Copyright
2015
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0620-6_1