Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

12-07-2023

Associations Among Experiential Avoidance, Positive Affect, and Reward Responsivity

Auteurs: Jessica S. Fields, Sarah T. Wieman, Helen Z. MacDonald, Hannah Robins, Gabrielle I. Liverant

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 3/2023

Abstract

Experiential Avoidance has been conceptualized as an unwillingness to sustain engagement with unwanted negatively valenced internal states and has been strongly associated with a range of psychological symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether and how experiential avoidance may be associated with the experience of positive affect/anhedonia. Anhedonia has been associated with impairments in reward system functioning (e.g., anticipatory and consummatory reward responsivity). Initial research suggests that experiential avoidance may diminish hedonic responses to experienced rewards, perhaps leading to global decrements in positive affect. This study investigated associations between experiential avoidance, positive affect, anhedonia, and reward responsiveness using a baseline questionnaire packet and a one-week experience sampling paradigm. 157 undergraduate students completed baseline questionnaires assessing trait experiential avoidance, depression, anxiety, positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and anhedonic symptoms. Participants then completed experience sampling questionnaires assessing anticipatory (RRA) and consummatory (RRC) reward responsivity, NA, PA, and state experiential avoidance. Trait experiential avoidance predicted increased levels of NA, decreased levels of PA, and decreased RRA and RRC across the week. Increases in state experiential avoidance were associated with increases in NA as well as decreases in PA and RRC throughout the week. Findings demonstrate significant associations between experiential avoidance and both NA and PA, supporting experiential avoidance as a potential construct of clinical significance for disorders marked by low PA. Results also generally support a relationship between experiential avoidance and reward responsivity, specifically with RRC. Future research is needed to examine the mechanisms through which these associations occur.

vorige artikel Development and Psychometric Properties of the Youth Emotions Scale

volgende artikel Irritability and Suicidality in Clinically Referred Youth: Clarifying the Link by Examining the Roles of Age and Hope

Cut off scores are used to index the severity of symptoms using each subscale (DASS-21 depression: 0–9 normal, 10–13 mild, 14–20 moderate, 21–27 severe, and 28 + extremely severe; DASS-21 anxiety: 0–7 normal, 8–9 mild, 10–14 moderate, 15–19 severe, and 20 + extremely severe; DASS-21 stress: 0–14 normal, 15–18 mild, 19–25 moderate, 26–33 severe, and 34 + extremely severe; Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995).

Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42- item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176.CrossRef

Audrain-McGovern, J., Wileyto, E. P., Ashare, R., Cuevas, J., & Strasser, A. A. (2014). Reward and affective regulation in depression-prone smokers. Biological Psychiatry, 79, 689–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.018.CrossRef

Baer, R. A. (2007). Mindfulness, assessment, and transdiagnostic processes. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 238–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598306.CrossRef

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11, 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191104268029.CrossRefPubMed

Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (2003). Parsing reward. Trends in Neurosciences, 26, 507–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00233-9.CrossRefPubMed

Brown, T. A. (2007). Temporal course and structural relationships among dimensions of temperament and DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorder constructs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.313.CrossRefPubMed

Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2009). A proposal for a dimensional classification system based on the shared features of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for assessment and treatment. Psychological Assessment, 21, 256–271. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016608.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brown, T. A., Choprita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive, affect, and autonomic arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.179.CrossRefPubMed

Carl, J. R., Soskin, D. P., Kerns, C., & Barlow, D. H. (2013). Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: A theoretical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.01.003.CrossRefPubMed

Chang, J. J., Ji, Y., Li, Y. H., Pan, H. F., & Su, P. Y. (2021). Prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: A meta- analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 292, 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.109.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 871–890. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20400.CrossRefPubMed

Clara, I. P., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the depression-anxiety-stress scales in depressed and anxious patients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011095624717.CrossRef

Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 245–265. https://doi.org/10.1348/0144665031752934.CrossRefPubMed

Der-Avakian, A., & Markou, A. (2012). The neurobiology of anhedonia and other reward-related deficits. Trends in Neurosciences, 35, 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.005.CrossRefPubMed

Dyck, M. J., Jolly, J. B., & Kramer, T. A. (1994). An evaluation of positive affectivity, negative affectivity, and hyperarousal as markers for assessing between syndrome relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 637–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90136-8.CrossRef

Fernández-Rodríguez, C., Paz-Caballero, D., González-Fernández, S., & Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2018). Activation vs. experiential avoidance as a transdiagnostic condition of emotional distress: An empirical study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1618. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01618.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Pieterse, M. E. (2010). Does experiential avoidance mediate the effects of maladaptive coping styles on psychopathology and mental health? Behavior Modification, 34, 503–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445510378379.CrossRefPubMed

Frewen, P. A., Dozois, D. A., Neufeld, R. W., Densmore, M., Stevens, T. K., & Lanius, R. A. (2011). Self-referential processing in women with PTSD: Affective and neural response. Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy, 3, 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021264.CrossRef

Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011). Development of a measure of experiential avoidance: The multidimensional experiential avoidance questionnaire. Psychological assessment, 23, 692–713. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023242.CrossRefPubMed

Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Suzuki, N., & Watson, D. (2014). The brief experiential avoidance questionnaire: Development and initial validation. Psychological Assessment, 23, 692–713. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034473.CrossRef

Germans, M. K., & Kring, A. M. (2000). Hedonic deficit in anhedonia: Support for the role of approach motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 659–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00129-4.CrossRef

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. B., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152.CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., & McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54, 553–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395492.CrossRef

Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006.CrossRef

Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X29657.CrossRefPubMed

Hershenberg, R., Mavandadi, S., Wright, E., & Thase, M. E. (2017). Anhedonia in the daily lives of depressed veterans: A pilot report on experiential avoidance as a moderator of emotional reactivity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 414–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.011.CrossRefPubMed

Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1301–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.003.CrossRefPubMed

Kashdan, T. B., Goodman, F. R., Machell, K. A., Kleiman, E. M., Monfort, S. S., Ciarrochi, J., & Nezlek, J. B. (2014). A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety. Emotion, 14, 769–781. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035935.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Keedwell, P. A., Andrew, C., Williams, S. C. R., Brammer, M. J., & Phillips, M. L. (2005). The neural correlates of anhedonia in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 843–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.019.CrossRefPubMed

Kendall, A. D., Zinbarg, R. E., Bobova, L., Mineka, S., Revelle, W., Prenoveau, J. M., & Craske, M. G. (2016). Measuring positive emotion with the mood and anxiety symptom questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the anhedonic depression scale. Assessment, 23, 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115569528.CrossRefPubMed

Klein, D. F. (1984). Depression and anhedonia. In C. Clark, & J. Fawcett (Eds.), Anhedonia and affect deficit states. New York, NY: PMA Publishing.

Kumpula, M. J., Orcutt, H. K., Bardeen, J. R., & Varkovitzky, R. L. (2011). Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as prospective predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023927.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Levin, M. E., Krafft, J., Pierce, B., & Potts, S. (2018). When is experiential avoidance harmful in the moment? Examining global experiential avoidance as a moderator. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 61, 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.07.005.CrossRefPubMed

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour research and therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U.CrossRefPubMed

Luoma, J. B., Pierce, B., & Levin, M. E. (2020). Experiential avoidance and negative affect as predictors of daily drinking. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 34, 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000554.CrossRefPubMed

Machell, K. A., Goodman, F. R., & Kashdan, T. B. (2015). Experiential avoidance and well-being: A daily diary analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 29, 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.911143.CrossRefPubMed

Merz, E. L., Malcarne, V. L., Roesch, S. C., Ko, C. M., Emerson, M., Roma, V. G., & Sadler, G. R. (2013). Psychometric properties of positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) original and short forms in an African Community Sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151, 942–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.011.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Moran, E. K., Culbreth, A. J., & Barch, D. M. (2017). Ecological momentary assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Relationships to effort-based decision making and reinforcement learning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000240.CrossRefPubMed

Newman, D. (2003). Longitudinal modeling with randomly and systematically missing data: A simulation of ad hoc, maximum likelihood, and multiple imputation techniques. Organizational Research Methods, 6, 328–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428103254673.CrossRef

Ong, C. W., Pierce, B. G., Petersen, J. M., Barney, J. L., Fruge, J. E., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2020). A psychometric comparison of psychological inflexibility measures: Discriminant validity and item performance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.007.CrossRef

Pizzagalli, D. A. (2014). Depression, stress, and anhedonia. Toward a synthesis and integrated model. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 393–423. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185606.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pizzagalli, D. A., Iosifescu, D., Hallett, L. A., Ratner, K. G., & Fava, M. (2009). Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: Evidence from a probabilistic reward task. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.001.CrossRef

Rawal, A., Collishaw, S., Thapar, A., & Rice, F. (2013). The risks of playing it safe’: A prospective longitudinal study of response to reward in adolescent offspring of depressed parents. Psychological Medicine, 43, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712001158.CrossRefPubMed

Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive- sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18, 247–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-P.CrossRefPubMed

Rochefort, C., Baldwin, A. S., & Chmielewski, M. (2018). Experiential avoidance: An examination of the construct validity of the AAQ-II and MEAQ. Behavior Therapy, 49, 435–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.08.008.CrossRefPubMed

Roemer, L., Salters, K., Raffa, S., & Orsillo, S. M. (2005). Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: Preliminary tests of a conceptual model. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-005-1650-2.CrossRef

Schaeuffele, C., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2022). Psychometric properties of the german brief experiential avoidance questionnaire (BEAQ). Assessment, 29, 1406–1421. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911211010955.CrossRefPubMed

Shahar, B., & Herr, N. R. (2011). Depressive symptoms predict inflexibly high levels of experiential avoidance in response to daily negative affect: A daily diary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 676–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.006.CrossRefPubMed

Shallcross, A. J., Troy, A. S., Boland, M., & Mauss, I. B. (2010). Let it be: Accepting negative emotional experiences predicts decreased negative affect and depressive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 921–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.025.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sherdell, L., Waugh, C. E., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012). Anticipatory pleasure predicts motivation for reward in major depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024945.CrossRefPubMed

Sinclair, S. J., Siefert, C. J., Slavin-Mulford, J. M., Stein, M. B., Renna, M., & Blais, M. A. (2012). Psychometric evaluation and normative data for the depression, anxiety, and stress scales-21 (DASS-21) in a nonclinical sample of U.S. adults. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 35, 259–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/016327871142428.CrossRef

Snaith, P. (1993). Anhedonia: A neglected symptom of psychopathology. Psychological Medicine, 23, 957–966. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700026428.CrossRefPubMed

Spinhoven, P., Drost, J., de Rooiji, M., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. (2014). A longitudinal study of experiential avoidance in emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 45, 840–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.001.CrossRefPubMed

Spinhoven, P., Drost, J., de Rooij, M., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016). Is experiential avoidance a mediating, moderating, independent, overlapping, or proxy risk factor in the onset, relapse, and maintenance of depressive disorders? Cognitive Therapy Research, 40, 150–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9747-8.CrossRefPubMed

Spinhoven, P., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017). Experiential avoidance and bordering psychological constructs as predictors of the onset, relapse, and maintenance of anxiety disorders: One or many? Cognitive Therapy Research, 41, 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9856-7.CrossRefPubMed

Treadway, M. T., Bossaller, N. A., Shelton, R. C., & Zald, D. H. (2012). Effort-based decision-making in major depressive disorder: A translational model of motivational anhedonia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028813.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tyndall, I., Waldeck, D., Pancani, L., Whelan, R., Roche, B., & Dawson, D. L. (2019). The acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) as a measure of experiential avoidance: Concerns over discriminant validity. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.09.005.CrossRef

Watson, D., & Naragon-Gainey, K. (2010). On the specificity of positive emotional dysfunction in psychopathology: Evidence from the mood and anxiety disorders and schizophrenia/schizotypy. Clinical Psychological Review, 30, 839–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.002.CrossRef

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegan, A. (1988a). Development and validation of brief measure of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.CrossRefPubMed

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988b). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 333–346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.97.3.346.CrossRef

Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Clark, L. A., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: I. evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.104.1.3.CrossRefPubMed

Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00311.x.CrossRef

Wenze, S. J., Gaugler, T. L., Sheets, E. S., & Decicco, J. M. (2018). Momentary experiential avoidance: Within-person correlates, antecedents, and consequences and between-person moderators. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 107, 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.011.CrossRefPubMed

Whitton, A. E., Treadway, M. T., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2015). Reward processing dysfunction in major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 28, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000122.CrossRef

Titel: Associations Among Experiential Avoidance, Positive Affect, and Reward Responsivity
Auteurs: Jessica S. Fields
Sarah T. Wieman
Helen Z. MacDonald
Hannah Robins
Gabrielle I. Liverant
Publicatiedatum: 12-07-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 3/2023
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-023-10072-6

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2023

Evidence of a two-factor structure for Internet Gaming Disorder and Social Media Disorder: Psychometric properties of a new screening instrument for adolescents and adults

Examining the Cross Cultural Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) in Iran and the USA

Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire in an Inpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program

Is There any Difference Between DSM-5 performance-only Specifier and Social Anxiety Disorder? Results from the Young-HUNT3 Study

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Time Management and Estimation (TiME) Scale

Measuring Internalizing Psychopathology Using the MMPI-3: An Examination of Convergent, Discriminant, and Incremental Validity