Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2023

20-08-2021 | Original Article

Assessing Work-Family Conflict Experienced by Chinese Parents of Young Children: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Work and Family Conflict Scale

Auteurs: Nahri Jung, Minseop Kim

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2023

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

While there a number of measures to assess work-family conflict already exist, there are no well-validated measures exist for clinical use with Chinese parents. This study sought to validate a Chinese version of the work and family conflict scale (WAFCS), a brief 10-item scale developed for clinical and research use with parents. Relying on a sample of 447 Chinese parents in Hong Kong, this study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the WAFCS. Results showed that a two-factor model, similar to that of the original scale, fit the data well. The scale had concurrent and discriminant validity, while the scale’s measurement invariance across gender and its internal consistency were also supported. Such robust psychometric properties suggest that the WAFCS is a promising tool that can be applied in a variety of research and clinical settings to examine work-family conflict experienced by Chinese parents.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Greenhaus JH, Beutell NJ (1985) Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Acad Manag Rev 10:76–88CrossRef Greenhaus JH, Beutell NJ (1985) Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Acad Manag Rev 10:76–88CrossRef
2.
go back to reference French KA, Dumani S, Allen TD, Shockley KM (2018) A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and social support. Psychol Bull 144:284–314CrossRef French KA, Dumani S, Allen TD, Shockley KM (2018) A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and social support. Psychol Bull 144:284–314CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Byron K (2005) A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. J Vocat Behav 67:169–198CrossRef Byron K (2005) A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. J Vocat Behav 67:169–198CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Amstad FT, Meier LL, Fasel U, Elfering A, Semmer NK (2011) A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations. J Occup Health Psychol 16:151–169CrossRef Amstad FT, Meier LL, Fasel U, Elfering A, Semmer NK (2011) A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations. J Occup Health Psychol 16:151–169CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Michel JS, Kotrba LM, Mitchelson JK, Clark MA, Baltes BB (2011) Antecedents of work-family conflict: a meta-analytic review. J Organ Behav 32:689–725CrossRef Michel JS, Kotrba LM, Mitchelson JK, Clark MA, Baltes BB (2011) Antecedents of work-family conflict: a meta-analytic review. J Organ Behav 32:689–725CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Frone MR, Russell M, Cooper ML (1992) Prevalence of work family conflict—are work and family boundaries asymmetrically permeable. J Organ Behav 13:723–729CrossRef Frone MR, Russell M, Cooper ML (1992) Prevalence of work family conflict—are work and family boundaries asymmetrically permeable. J Organ Behav 13:723–729CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Frone MR, Russell M, Cooper ML (1992) Antecedents and outcomes of work family conflict—testing a model of the work family interface. J Appl Psychol 77:65–78CrossRef Frone MR, Russell M, Cooper ML (1992) Antecedents and outcomes of work family conflict—testing a model of the work family interface. J Appl Psychol 77:65–78CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Frone MR, Yardley JK, Markel KS (1997) Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. J Vocat Behav 50:145–167CrossRef Frone MR, Yardley JK, Markel KS (1997) Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. J Vocat Behav 50:145–167CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Cooklin AR et al (2015) Mothers’ work-family conflict and enrichment: associations with parenting quality and couple relationship. Child Care Hlth Dev 41:266–277CrossRef Cooklin AR et al (2015) Mothers’ work-family conflict and enrichment: associations with parenting quality and couple relationship. Child Care Hlth Dev 41:266–277CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Moreira H, Fonseca A, Caiado B, Canavarro MC (2019) Work-family conflict and mindful parenting: the mediating role of parental psychopathology symptoms and parenting stress in a sample of Portuguese employed parents. Front Psychol 10:635CrossRef Moreira H, Fonseca A, Caiado B, Canavarro MC (2019) Work-family conflict and mindful parenting: the mediating role of parental psychopathology symptoms and parenting stress in a sample of Portuguese employed parents. Front Psychol 10:635CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Kim M, Ali S, Kim HS (2016) Parental nonstandard work schedules, parent–child communication, and adolescent substance use. J Fam Issues 37:466–493CrossRef Kim M, Ali S, Kim HS (2016) Parental nonstandard work schedules, parent–child communication, and adolescent substance use. J Fam Issues 37:466–493CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Vieira JM, Matias M, Ferreira T, Lopez FG, Matos PM (2016) Parents’ work-family experiences and children’s problem behaviors: the mediating role of the parent–child relationship. J Fam Psychol 30:419–430CrossRef Vieira JM, Matias M, Ferreira T, Lopez FG, Matos PM (2016) Parents’ work-family experiences and children’s problem behaviors: the mediating role of the parent–child relationship. J Fam Psychol 30:419–430CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Cinamon RG, Weisel A, Tzuk K (2007) Work-family conflict within the family—crossover effects, perceived parent-child interaction quality, parental self-efficacy, and life role attributions. J Career Dev 34:79–100CrossRef Cinamon RG, Weisel A, Tzuk K (2007) Work-family conflict within the family—crossover effects, perceived parent-child interaction quality, parental self-efficacy, and life role attributions. J Career Dev 34:79–100CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Vahedi A, Krug I, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Westrupp EM (2018) Longitudinal associations between work-family conflict and enrichment, inter-parental conflict, and child internalizing and externalizing problems. Soc Sci Med 211:251–260CrossRef Vahedi A, Krug I, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Westrupp EM (2018) Longitudinal associations between work-family conflict and enrichment, inter-parental conflict, and child internalizing and externalizing problems. Soc Sci Med 211:251–260CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Hartung D, Hahlweg K (2010) Strengthening parent well-being at the work-family interface: a German trial on workplace Triple P. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 20:404–418CrossRef Hartung D, Hahlweg K (2010) Strengthening parent well-being at the work-family interface: a German trial on workplace Triple P. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 20:404–418CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Hartung D, Hahlweg K (2011) Stress reduction at the work-family interface: positive parenting and self-efficacy as mechanisms of change in workplace Triple P. Behav Modif 35:54–77CrossRef Hartung D, Hahlweg K (2011) Stress reduction at the work-family interface: positive parenting and self-efficacy as mechanisms of change in workplace Triple P. Behav Modif 35:54–77CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Haslam DM, Sanders MR, Sofronoff K (2013) Reducing work and family conflict in teachers: a randomised controlled trial of workplace Triple P. Sch Ment Health 5:70–82CrossRef Haslam DM, Sanders MR, Sofronoff K (2013) Reducing work and family conflict in teachers: a randomised controlled trial of workplace Triple P. Sch Ment Health 5:70–82CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Sanders MR, Stallman HM, McHale M (2011) Workplace Triple P: a controlled evaluation of a parenting intervention for working parents. J Fam Psychol 25:581–590CrossRef Sanders MR, Stallman HM, McHale M (2011) Workplace Triple P: a controlled evaluation of a parenting intervention for working parents. J Fam Psychol 25:581–590CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Tatman AW, Hovestadt AJ, Yelsma P, Fenell DL, Canfield BS (2006) Work and family conflict: an often overlooked issue in couple and family therapy. Contemp Fam Ther 28:39–51CrossRef Tatman AW, Hovestadt AJ, Yelsma P, Fenell DL, Canfield BS (2006) Work and family conflict: an often overlooked issue in couple and family therapy. Contemp Fam Ther 28:39–51CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Yang N, Chen CC, Choi J, Zou Y (2000) Sources of work-family conflict: a sino-U.S. comparison of the effects of work and family demands. Acad Manag J 43:113–123CrossRef Yang N, Chen CC, Choi J, Zou Y (2000) Sources of work-family conflict: a sino-U.S. comparison of the effects of work and family demands. Acad Manag J 43:113–123CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Aryee S, Luk V, Leung A, Lo S (1999) Role stressors, interrole conflict, and well-being: the moderating influence of spousal support and coping behaviors among employed parents in Hong Kong. J Vocat Behav 54:259–278CrossRef Aryee S, Luk V, Leung A, Lo S (1999) Role stressors, interrole conflict, and well-being: the moderating influence of spousal support and coping behaviors among employed parents in Hong Kong. J Vocat Behav 54:259–278CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Luk DM, Shaffer MA (2005) Work and family domain stressors and support: within- and cross-domain influences on work-family conflict. J Occup Organ Psychol 78:489–508CrossRef Luk DM, Shaffer MA (2005) Work and family domain stressors and support: within- and cross-domain influences on work-family conflict. J Occup Organ Psychol 78:489–508CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Law LK (2019) Empirical study on work-family conflict among hong kong female employees who have children with special education needs (SEN). Singap Econ Rev 64:213–234CrossRef Law LK (2019) Empirical study on work-family conflict among hong kong female employees who have children with special education needs (SEN). Singap Econ Rev 64:213–234CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Fu CK, Shaffer MA (2001) The tug of work and family—direct and indirect domain-specific determinants of work-family conflict. Pers Rev 30:502–522CrossRef Fu CK, Shaffer MA (2001) The tug of work and family—direct and indirect domain-specific determinants of work-family conflict. Pers Rev 30:502–522CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Kim M (2021) Parental nonstandard work schedules and child development: evidence from dual-earner families in Hong Kong. Int J Env Res Public Health 18:5167CrossRef Kim M (2021) Parental nonstandard work schedules and child development: evidence from dual-earner families in Hong Kong. Int J Env Res Public Health 18:5167CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Lau YK (2010) The impact of fathers’ work and family conflicts on children’s self-esteem: the Hong Kong case. Soc Indic Res 95:363–376CrossRef Lau YK (2010) The impact of fathers’ work and family conflicts on children’s self-esteem: the Hong Kong case. Soc Indic Res 95:363–376CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Zhou M, Zhang J, Li F, Chen C (2020) Work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among Chinese employees: cross-level interaction of organizational justice climate and family flexibility. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:6954CrossRef Zhou M, Zhang J, Li F, Chen C (2020) Work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among Chinese employees: cross-level interaction of organizational justice climate and family flexibility. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:6954CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Lu J-F, Siu O-L, Spector PE, Shi K (2009) Antecedents and outcomes of a fourfold taxonomy of work-family balance in Chinese employed parents. J Occup Health Psychol 14:182–192CrossRef Lu J-F, Siu O-L, Spector PE, Shi K (2009) Antecedents and outcomes of a fourfold taxonomy of work-family balance in Chinese employed parents. J Occup Health Psychol 14:182–192CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Li J-B, Dou K (2021) Low involvement and ineffective monitoring link mothers’ work-family conflict and adolescent self-control. J Fam Issues 42:1384–1398CrossRef Li J-B, Dou K (2021) Low involvement and ineffective monitoring link mothers’ work-family conflict and adolescent self-control. J Fam Issues 42:1384–1398CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Xin S, Zheng Y, Xin Z (2020) Changes in work-family conflict of Chinese employees: a cross-temporal meta-analysis, 2005–2016. Front Psychol 11:124CrossRef Xin S, Zheng Y, Xin Z (2020) Changes in work-family conflict of Chinese employees: a cross-temporal meta-analysis, 2005–2016. Front Psychol 11:124CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Carlson DS, Kacmar KM, Williams LJ (2000) Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. J Vocat Behav 56:249–276CrossRef Carlson DS, Kacmar KM, Williams LJ (2000) Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. J Vocat Behav 56:249–276CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Haslam DM, Filus A, Morawska A, Sanders MR, Fletcher R (2015) The work–family conflict scale (WAFCS): development and initial validation of a self-report measure of work–family conflict for use with parents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 46:346–357CrossRef Haslam DM, Filus A, Morawska A, Sanders MR, Fletcher R (2015) The work–family conflict scale (WAFCS): development and initial validation of a self-report measure of work–family conflict for use with parents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 46:346–357CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Adriano J, Callaghan CW (2020) Work-life balance, job satisfaction and retention: turnover intentions of professionals in part-time study. S Afr J Econ Manag S 23:1–12 Adriano J, Callaghan CW (2020) Work-life balance, job satisfaction and retention: turnover intentions of professionals in part-time study. S Afr J Econ Manag S 23:1–12
35.
go back to reference Lee JA (2019) A study on the effect of workaholism on work-family conflict, satisfaction of life in airline crew: Focused on Jeju Air. J Korean Soc Qual Manag 47:109–124 Lee JA (2019) A study on the effect of workaholism on work-family conflict, satisfaction of life in airline crew: Focused on Jeju Air. J Korean Soc Qual Manag 47:109–124
36.
go back to reference Maeda E et al (2019) Domestic work stress and self-rated psychological health among women: a cross-sectional study in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 24:75CrossRef Maeda E et al (2019) Domestic work stress and self-rated psychological health among women: a cross-sectional study in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 24:75CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Vahedi A, Krug I, Westrupp EM (2019) Crossover of parents’ work-family conflict to family functioning and child mental health. J Appl Dev Psychol 62:38–49CrossRef Vahedi A, Krug I, Westrupp EM (2019) Crossover of parents’ work-family conflict to family functioning and child mental health. J Appl Dev Psychol 62:38–49CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Cooklin AR et al (2016) Fathers at work: work-family conflict, work-family enrichment and parenting in an Australian cohort. J Fam Issues 37:1611–1635CrossRef Cooklin AR et al (2016) Fathers at work: work-family conflict, work-family enrichment and parenting in an Australian cohort. J Fam Issues 37:1611–1635CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Cooklin AR et al (2016) Change and stability in work–family conflict and mothers’ and fathers’ mental health: longitudinal evidence from an Australian cohort. Soc Sci Med 155:24–34CrossRef Cooklin AR et al (2016) Change and stability in work–family conflict and mothers’ and fathers’ mental health: longitudinal evidence from an Australian cohort. Soc Sci Med 155:24–34CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Kinnunen U, Geurts S, Mauno S (2004) Work-to-family conflict and its relationship with satisfaction and well-being: a one-year longitudinal study on gender differences. Work Stress 18:1–22CrossRef Kinnunen U, Geurts S, Mauno S (2004) Work-to-family conflict and its relationship with satisfaction and well-being: a one-year longitudinal study on gender differences. Work Stress 18:1–22CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Browne MW (2001) An overview of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis. Multivar Behav Res 36:111–150CrossRef Browne MW (2001) An overview of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis. Multivar Behav Res 36:111–150CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Zhang G, Preacher KJ, Hattori M, Jiang G, Trichtinger LA (2019) A sandwich standard error estimator for exploratory factor analysis with nonnormal data and imperfect models. Appl Psychol Meas 43:360–373CrossRef Zhang G, Preacher KJ, Hattori M, Jiang G, Trichtinger LA (2019) A sandwich standard error estimator for exploratory factor analysis with nonnormal data and imperfect models. Appl Psychol Meas 43:360–373CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Muthen BO, Satorra A (1995) Complex sample data in structural equation modeling. Sociol Methodol 25:267CrossRef Muthen BO, Satorra A (1995) Complex sample data in structural equation modeling. Sociol Methodol 25:267CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Kline RB (2011) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 3rd edn. Guilford Press, New York Kline RB (2011) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 3rd edn. Guilford Press, New York
45.
go back to reference Browne MW, Cudeck R (1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen KA, Long JS (eds) Testing structural equation models. Sage, New-bury Park, pp 136–162 Browne MW, Cudeck R (1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen KA, Long JS (eds) Testing structural equation models. Sage, New-bury Park, pp 136–162
46.
go back to reference Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H (2003) Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods Psychol. Res. 8:23–74 Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H (2003) Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods Psychol. Res. 8:23–74
47.
go back to reference Satorra A, Bentler PM (2010) Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic. Psychometrika 75:243–248CrossRef Satorra A, Bentler PM (2010) Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic. Psychometrika 75:243–248CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Chen FF (2007) Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J. 14:464–504CrossRef Chen FF (2007) Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J. 14:464–504CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Putnick DL, Bornstein MH (2016) Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: the state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Dev Rev 41:71–90CrossRef Putnick DL, Bornstein MH (2016) Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: the state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Dev Rev 41:71–90CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Brown TA (2015) Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford, New York Brown TA (2015) Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford, New York
51.
go back to reference Cooke RA, Rousseau DM (1984) Stress and strain from family roles and work-role expectations. J Appl Psychol 69:252–260CrossRef Cooke RA, Rousseau DM (1984) Stress and strain from family roles and work-role expectations. J Appl Psychol 69:252–260CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Mesmer-Magnus JR, Viswesvaran C (2005) Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: a meta-analytic examination. J Vocat Behav 67:215–232CrossRef Mesmer-Magnus JR, Viswesvaran C (2005) Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: a meta-analytic examination. J Vocat Behav 67:215–232CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Kossek EE, Hammer LB, Kelly EL, Moen P (2014) Designing work, family & health organizational change initiatives. Organ Dyn 43:53–63CrossRef Kossek EE, Hammer LB, Kelly EL, Moen P (2014) Designing work, family & health organizational change initiatives. Organ Dyn 43:53–63CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Sanders MR (2008) Triple P-positive parenting program as a public health approach to strengthening parenting. J Fam Psychol 22:506–517CrossRef Sanders MR (2008) Triple P-positive parenting program as a public health approach to strengthening parenting. J Fam Psychol 22:506–517CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Garcia AR, Myers C, Morones S, Ohene S, Kim M (2020) “It starts from the top”: caseworkers, supervisors, and triplep providers’ perceptions of implementation processes and contexts. Hum Serv Organ Manag Leadersh Gov 44:266–293 Garcia AR, Myers C, Morones S, Ohene S, Kim M (2020) “It starts from the top”: caseworkers, supervisors, and triplep providers’ perceptions of implementation processes and contexts. Hum Serv Organ Manag Leadersh Gov 44:266–293
58.
go back to reference Leung S, Leung C, Sanders MR, Mak R, Lau J (2003) Process and outcome evaluation of the positive parenting programme in Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong Leung S, Leung C, Sanders MR, Mak R, Lau J (2003) Process and outcome evaluation of the positive parenting programme in Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
59.
go back to reference Leung C, Sanders MR, Fung B, Kirby J (2014) The effectiveness of the grandparent Triple P program with Hong Kong Chinese families: a randomized controlled trial. J Fam Stud 20:104–117CrossRef Leung C, Sanders MR, Fung B, Kirby J (2014) The effectiveness of the grandparent Triple P program with Hong Kong Chinese families: a randomized controlled trial. J Fam Stud 20:104–117CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Kim M (2019) Assessing attitudes towards evidence-based practice among social workers in Hong Kong. J Soc Work 19:769–788CrossRef Kim M (2019) Assessing attitudes towards evidence-based practice among social workers in Hong Kong. J Soc Work 19:769–788CrossRef
62.
go back to reference Duxbury L, Higgins C, Lee C (1994) Work-family conflict—a comparison by gender, family type, and perceived control. J Fam Issues 15:449–466CrossRef Duxbury L, Higgins C, Lee C (1994) Work-family conflict—a comparison by gender, family type, and perceived control. J Fam Issues 15:449–466CrossRef
63.
go back to reference McElwain AK, Korabik K, Rosin HM (2005) An examination of gender differences in work-family conflict. Can J Behav Sci 37:283CrossRef McElwain AK, Korabik K, Rosin HM (2005) An examination of gender differences in work-family conflict. Can J Behav Sci 37:283CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Shockley KM, Shen W, DeNunzio MM, Arvan ML, Knudsen EA (2017) Disentangling the relationship between gender and work-family conflict: an integration of theoretical perspectives using meta-analytic methods. J Appl Psychol 102:1601–1635CrossRef Shockley KM, Shen W, DeNunzio MM, Arvan ML, Knudsen EA (2017) Disentangling the relationship between gender and work-family conflict: an integration of theoretical perspectives using meta-analytic methods. J Appl Psychol 102:1601–1635CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Buchanan T, Das A, McFarlane A (2020) Gender differences in within-couple influences on work–family balance satisfaction: when benefits become threats. J Fam Stud 26:106–125CrossRef Buchanan T, Das A, McFarlane A (2020) Gender differences in within-couple influences on work–family balance satisfaction: when benefits become threats. J Fam Stud 26:106–125CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Eby LT, Casper WJ, Lockwood A, Bordeaux C, Brinley A (2005) Work and family research in io/ob: content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002). J Vocat Behav 66:124–197CrossRef Eby LT, Casper WJ, Lockwood A, Bordeaux C, Brinley A (2005) Work and family research in io/ob: content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002). J Vocat Behav 66:124–197CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Assessing Work-Family Conflict Experienced by Chinese Parents of Young Children: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Work and Family Conflict Scale
Auteurs
Nahri Jung
Minseop Kim
Publicatiedatum
20-08-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2023
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01236-0

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2023

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2023 Naar de uitgave