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2006 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

10 Psychoanalytische therapie

Auteur : M. H. M. de Wolf

Gepubliceerd in: Handboek psychopathologie deel 2

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

Het psychoanalytische van het psychoanalytische referentiekader bestaat uit een aantal vooronderstellingen. In de eerste plaats gaat de analyticus uit van het bestaan van onbewuste processen. Deze beïnvloeden op actieve wijze het manifeste gedrag en zijn onbewust omdat ze in bewuste vorm te bedreigend zijn voor de persoon; ze worden dan opgeslagen in het expliciete geheugen. Het kan ook om gebeurtenissen gaan die plaatsvonden in de periode dat ze nog niet in het expliciete geheugen konden worden opgeslagen, omdat die structuur nog niet adequaat tot ontwikkeling was gekomen. Soms worden herinneringen verdrongen en dus actief onbewust gemaakt; soms zijn ze gewoon onbewust en is er dus geen sprake van verdringing. Verdringing is, evenals andere afweervormen, een beveiligingsmechanisme. Afgeweerde processen of voorstellingen kunnen echter in symbolische vorm opnieuw tot uiting komen, bijvoorbeeld in dromen, versprekingen enzovoort. Een andere belangrijke vooronderstelling in de psychoanalyse is dat elk gedrag betekenis, zin heeft. Deze betekenis kan soms op het eerste gezicht al duidelijk zijn, maar vaak is betekenis van gedrag verborgen omdat het ‘weet hebben’ van dergelijke betekenissen te bedreigend is of omdat er een gebrek is aan mentaliserend vermogen waardoor belevenissen en ervaringen niet mentaal gerepresenteerd kunnen worden. In het eerste geval zal de analyticus zich ten doel stellen nader te onderzoeken en te analyseren wat de betekenis van de onbewuste verschijnselen is. In het tweede geval zal behandeling erop gericht zijn de ontwikkeling van het mentaliserend vermogen te faciliteren.
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Metagegevens
Titel
10 Psychoanalytische therapie
Auteur
M. H. M. de Wolf
Copyright
2006
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9244-5_10