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Gepubliceerd in: Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 6/2008

01-12-2008 | Artikelen

Zorg(en) rond het kind met ernstig traumatisch hersenletsel

Auteurs: R. Petru, S. M. Peerdeman, W. J. R. van Ouwerkerk

Gepubliceerd in: Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde | Uitgave 6/2008

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Samenvatting

Traumatisch hersenletsel is een frequente oorzaak van morbiditeit en mortaliteit door ongevallen of mishandeling op de kinderleeftijd. Ernstig neurotrauma wordt gedefinieerd als een neurotrauma met een glasgow-comascore kleiner dan 9 op de plaats van het ongeval. Gebaseerd op de geldende richtlijnen voor de behandeling van ernstig neurotrauma bij kinderen en volwassenen en aanvullende recente literatuur wordt een overzicht gegeven van de beste huidige behandeling van deze patiënten gericht op de Nederlandse situatie. Hypotensie, shock en hypoxie zijn geassocieerd met een slechte uitkomst en moeten actief bestreden worden. Transport dient primair naar een gespecialiseerd traumacentrum te geschieden. Zo spoedig mogelijk dient een CT-scan verricht te worden, en een herhaling van dit onderzoek moet overwogen worden bij iedere neurologische verslechtering. Een operabele intracraniële bloeding met massa-effect is een indicatie voor chirurgische evacuatie. De basisbehandeling bestaat uit adequate ventilatie, normothermie, sedatie en het intact houden of optimaliseren van het interne milieu. De intracraniële druk dient door middel van frequent neurologisch onderzoek met gebruik van de (pediatrische) glasgow-comaschaal en/of via een ICP-meter te geschieden. Als behandeling van intracraniële drukverhoging zijn osmotische therapie, diepere sedatie, liquordrainage, opgelegde hypothermie, kortdurende hyperventilatie en decompressie craniëctomie effectief, hoewel de effecten op de uitkomst niet geheel duidelijk zijn. Voor het profylactisch gebruik van anti-epileptica, voor het barbituratencoma en voor spierverslappers is in het algemeen geen indicatie. Corticosteroïden zijn gecontra-indiceerd.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Zorg(en) rond het kind met ernstig traumatisch hersenletsel
Auteurs
R. Petru
S. M. Peerdeman
W. J. R. van Ouwerkerk
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2008
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde / Uitgave 6/2008
Print ISSN: 0376-7442
Elektronisch ISSN: 1875-6840
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03078223

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