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Gepubliceerd in: Kind en adolescent 4/2010

01-12-2010

Verslaving als ontwikkelingsstoornis

Een andere kijk op neurobiologie en comorbiditeit

Auteurs: Patricia J. M. van Wijngaarden-Cremers, Rutger Jan van der Gaag

Gepubliceerd in: Kind en adolescent | Uitgave 4/2010

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Samenvatting

Er is convergerend wetenschappelijk bewijs dat middelengebruik of misbruik opgevat dient te worden als een neurobiologische ontwikkelingsstoornis. Verslaving is het ‘eindproduct’ van deze wisselwerking tussen gen en omgeving. Bij de ontwikkeling van verslaving spelen zowel erfelijke kwetsbaarheid als veranderingen in het beloningssysteem ten gevolge van vroege blootstelling aan overmatige stress of huidige stress een cruciale rol. Deze kwetsbaarheden worden versterkt door bijkomende ontwikkelingspsychopathologie waar impulsiviteit en compulsiviteit een rol spelen. Dit alles heeft tot gevolg dat de effectieve werkzaamheid van de dopaminereceptoren in het beloningssysteem vermindert doordat zowel het aantal dopaminereceptoren als hun reactiviteit afneemt. Dit leidt tot zowel een verhoogde drang naar het middel als gebruik in steeds hogere doseringen. In dat licht kan men spreken van een duaal proces waar de bewuste controle over een automatisch proces tekortschiet. Dit benadrukt de noodzaak om de comorbide stoornissen te betrekken bij de preventie en behandeling van jongeren met een verslaving. De aangetaste sensitiviteit en densiteit van het dopaminebeloningssysteem houdt lang na ontgifting aan. Deze wetenschap moet betrokken worden in de vervolgbehandeling en de terugvalpreventie bij adolescenten.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Verslaving als ontwikkelingsstoornis
Een andere kijk op neurobiologie en comorbiditeit
Auteurs
Patricia J. M. van Wijngaarden-Cremers
Rutger Jan van der Gaag
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2010
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Kind en adolescent / Uitgave 4/2010
Print ISSN: 0167-2436
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-010-0720-8

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