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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

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01-06-2011 | Original Paper

Social and Non-Social Cueing of Visuospatial Attention in Autism and Typical Development

Auteurs: John R. Pruett Jr, Angela LaMacchia, Sarah Hoertel, Emma Squire, Kelly McVey, Richard D. Todd, John N. Constantino, Steven E. Petersen

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 6/2011

Abstract

Three experiments explored attention to eye gaze, which is incompletely understood in typical development and is hypothesized to be disrupted in autism. Experiment 1 (n = 26 typical adults) involved covert orienting to box, arrow, and gaze cues at two probabilities and cue-target times to test whether reorienting for gaze is endogenous, exogenous, or unique; experiment 2 (total n = 80: male and female children and adults) studied age and sex effects on gaze cueing. Gaze cueing appears endogenous and may strengthen in typical development. Experiment 3 tested exogenous, endogenous, and gaze-based orienting in 25 typical and 27 Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children. ASD children made more saccades, slowing their reaction times; however, exogenous and endogenous orienting, including gaze cueing, appear intact in ASD.

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In an interaction the dependent variable changes different amounts for a given change of one independent variable, depending on the levels of another independent variable. For example, here, the effect of validity on RT is different at the two different SOAs.

We originally questioned reports of reflexive arrow cueing (Tipples, 2002); we purposely implemented a large target eccentricity to central stimulus size ratio to bias against finding this result; but our own data have convinced us about the robust nature of reflexive arrow cueing.

We used a photo in experiment 2 because early piloting for experiment 3 raised concerns that typical children might not show a gaze cueing effect for cartoon cues. After collection of more data, we decided to keep the cartoon for experiment 3. It is our belief that the nature of the cue (photo or cartoon) matters little for the issues at hand. A small number of typical children were tested with both the photo and cartoon, and they showed robust gaze cueing effects for both stimuli. A larger study would be needed to assess for any quantitative differences across these two types of gaze cues.

Explanation of dfs: acceptable EOG quality on 74/80 subjects, followed by DF-correction for unequal variances across groups.

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Titel: Social and Non-Social Cueing of Visuospatial Attention in Autism and Typical Development
Auteurs: John R. Pruett Jr
Angela LaMacchia
Sarah Hoertel
Emma Squire
Kelly McVey
Richard D. Todd
John N. Constantino
Steven E. Petersen
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2011
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 6/2011
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1090-z

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