Top

Gepubliceerd in:

05-11-2019 | Original Paper

Maternal Reactions to Preschoolers’ Negative Emotions and Aggression: Gender Difference in Mediation of Emotion Regulation

Auteurs: Bo Lim Suh, Min Ju Kang

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 1/2020

Abstract

Objectives

The present study examined the indirect effect of emotion regulation in the relationship between Maternal Reactions to Preschoolers’ Negative Emotions (MRPNE) and aggression, and explored the gender difference in this mediational mechanism.

Methods

We used questionnaires to survey 271 dyads of four- to five-year-olds and their mothers. To measure the research variables, Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scales (CCNES), Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), and Preschool Social Behavior Scale-Teacher Form (PSBS-TF) were used. SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 5.12 were used to analyze.

Results

Preschoolers’ emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between supportive/non-supportive maternal reaction to preschoolers’ negative emotions and aggression. A significant gender difference was observed. In the case of boys, only non-supportive maternal reaction showed a significant effect on preschoolers’ aggression via emotion regulation, and the indirect effect was significantly higher. In the case of girls, both supportive and non-supportive maternal reactions showed a significant effect.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the effect of maternal emotion-related parenting behaviors may differ by gender. Thus, gender differences should be considered when developing intervention and prevention programs for preschoolers’ aggression.

vorige artikel The Role of Theory of Mind, Emotion Knowledge and Empathy in Preschoolers’ Disruptive Behavior

volgende artikel Understanding the Externalizing Behavior of School-Age Boys: The Role of a Mother’s Mentalization and Attachment

Bae, Y. J., & Lim, J. Y. (2014). Preschoolers’ effortful control according to paternal and maternal parenting behaviors: focusing on the interaction effect between gender and parenting Behaviors. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 32(2), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2014.32.2.77.CrossRef

Brody, L. R., & Fischer, A. (2000). The socialization of gender differences in emotional expression: Display rules, infant temperament, and differentiation. Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives. (pp. 24–47). New York: NY: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511628191.003.CrossRef

Brown, G. L., Craig, A. B., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2015). Parent gender differences in emotion socialization behaviors vary by ethnicity and child gender. Parenting, 15(3), 135–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2015.1053312.CrossRef

Cassano, M. C., Zeman, J. L., & Sanders, W. M. (2014). Responses to children’s sadness: mothers’ and fathers’ unique contributions and perceptions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 60(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.60.1.0001.CrossRef

Chang, H., Olson, S. L., Sameroff, A. J., & Sexton, H. R. (2011). Child effortful control as a mediator of parenting practices on externalizing behavior: Evidence for a sex-differentiated pathway across the transition from preschool to school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9437-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66(3), 710–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x.CrossRefPubMed

Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and overt aggression in preschool. Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.579.CrossRefPubMed

Davies, P. T., Martin, M. J., Coe, J. L., & Cummings, E. M. (2016). Transactional cascades of destructive interparental conflict, children’s emotional insecurity, and psychological problems across childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 28(3), 653–671. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000237.CrossRefPubMed

Denham, S. A., Zoller, D., & Couchoud, E. A. (1994). Socialization of preschoolers’ emotion understanding. Developmental Psychology, 30(6), 928–936. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.6.928.CrossRef

Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 241–273. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Eisenberg, N, Spinrad, T. L, Valiente, C, Balter, L., & Tamus-LeMonda, C. S. (2016). Emotion-related self-regulation, and children’s social, psychological, and academic functioning. Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues. (pp. 219–244). New York, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119362081.ch14.CrossRef

Eisenberg, N., VanSchyndel, S. K., & Hofer, C. (2015). The association of maternal socialization in childhood and adolescence with adult offsprings’ sympathy/caring. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038137.CrossRefPubMed

Fabes, R. A, Eisenberg, N., & Bernzweig, J. 1990). Coping with children’s negative emotions scale (CCNES): Description and scoring. Temple, AZ: Arizona State University. https://doi.org/10.1037/t36591-000.

Gower, A. L., Lingras, K. A., Mathieson, L. C., Kawabata, Y., & Crick, N. R. (2014). The role of preschool relational and physical aggression in the transition to kindergarten: Links with social-psychological adjustment. Early Education and Development, 25(5), 619–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2014.844058.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Han., J. A., Cho., Y. J., & Kim, H. J. (2014). Effects of preschool children’s gender, temperament, emotional regulation and maternal parenting stress on children’s overt aggression and relational aggression. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 23(4), 599–611. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2014.23.4.599.CrossRef

Hay, C., Meldrum, R. C., Widdowson, A. O., & Piquero, A. R. (2017). Early aggression and later delinquency: Considering the redirecting role of good parenting. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 15(4), 374–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204016631805.CrossRef

Hoeksma, J. B., Oosterlaan, J., & Schipper, E. M. (2004). Emotion regulation and the dynamics of feelings: A conceptual and methodological framework. Child Development, 75(2), 354–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00677.x.CrossRefPubMed

Hwang, Y. S. (2009). A validation of the emotional regulation scale for Korean preschool children. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 14(5), 25–40. uci:G704-000666.2009.14.5.003.

Hyde, J. S. (1984). How large are gender differences in aggression? A developmental meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 20(4), 722–736. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.20.4.722.CrossRef

Jin, Z., Zhang, X., & Han, Z. R. (2017). Parental emotion socialization and child psychological adjustment among Chinese urban families: Mediation through child emotion regulation and moderation through dyadic collaboration. Frontiers in Psychology, 2198(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02198.CrossRef

Johnson, A. M., Hawes, D. J., Eisenberg, N., Kohlhoff, J., & Dudeney, J. (2017). Emotion socialization and child conduct problems: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.001.CrossRefPubMed

Lau, R. S., & Cheung, G. W. (2012). Estimating and comparing specific mediation effects in complex latent variable models. Organizational Research Methods, 15(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428110391673.CrossRef

Lim, E. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2011). A structural relationship analysis between young children’s social competence and emotion regulation ability and related variables according to gender. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 31(4), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.18023/kjece.2011.31.4.001.CrossRef

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99–128. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mileva-Seitz, V. R., Ghassabian, A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Brink, J. D., Linting, M., Jaddoe, V. W., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). Are boys more sensitive to sensitivity? Parenting and executive function in preschoolers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 130, 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.08.008.CrossRefPubMed

Mirabile, S. P., Oertwig, D., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2016). Parent emotion socialization and children’s socioemotional adjustment: When is supportiveness no longer supportive? Social Development., 27(3), 466–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12226.CrossRef

Morales, S., Beekman, C., Blandon, A. Y., Stifter, C. A., & Buss, K. A. (2015). Longitudinal associations between temperament and socioemotional outcomes in young children: The moderating role of RSA and gender. Developmental Psychobiology, 57(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21267.CrossRefPubMed

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. (2010). Mplus: The Comprehensive Modeling Program for Applied Researchers (version 5.21). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Oh, J. H. (2015). The effect of mother’s reactions to children’s negative emotions on children’s peer relations: The mediating role of children’s empathy and emotional regulation type. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 36(2), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2015.36.2.17.CrossRef

Piotrowska, P. J., Stride, C. B., Croft, S. E., & Rowe, R. (2015). Socioeconomic status and antisocial behaviour among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 35, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.11.003.CrossRefPubMed

Raval, V. V., Raval, P. H., & Deo, N. (2014). Mothers’ socialization goals, mothers’ emotion socialization behaviors, child emotion regulation, and child socioemotional functioning in urban India. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(2), 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431613485821.CrossRef

Sala, M. N., Pons, F., & Molina, P. (2014). Emotion regulation strategies in preschool children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 32(4), 440–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12055.CrossRefPubMed

Sarkisian, K., Van Hulle, C., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2017). Childhood inhibitory control and adolescent impulsivity and novelty seeking as differential predictors of relational and overt aggression. Journal of Research in Personality, 67, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.011.CrossRefPubMed

Shahaeian, A., Razmjoee, M., Wang, C., Elliott, S. N., & Hughes, C. (2017). Understanding relational aggression during early childhood: an examination of the association with language and other social and cognitive skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 40, 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2017.04.002.CrossRef

Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Emotion regulation among school-age children: The development and validation of a new criterion Q-sort scale. Developmental Psychology, 33(6), 906–916. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.906.CrossRefPubMed

Shin, Y. (2012). A longitudinal study on the developmental relationship between preschoolers’ relational aggression and peer rejection using the autoregressive cross-lagged model. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 32(3), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.18023/kjece.2012.32.3.005.CrossRef

Song, J. H., & Trommsdorff, G. (2016). Linking maternal emotion socialization to boys’ and girls’ emotion regulation in Korea. Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts, 6(2), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5723/csac.2016.6.2.047.CrossRef

Stenseng, F., Belsky, J., Skalicka, V., & Wichstrøm, L. (2015). Social exclusion predicts impaired self‐regulation: a 2-year longitudinal panel study including the transition from preschool to school. Journal of Personality, 83(2), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12096.CrossRefPubMed

Sulik, M. J., Blair, C., Mills‐Koonce, R., Berry, D., & Greenberg, M. (2015). Early parenting and the development of externalizing behavior problems: longitudinal mediation through children’s executive function. Child Development, 86(5), 1588–1603. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12386.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2–3), 25–52.CrossRef

Tømmeraas, T. (2016). Social gradients and participant characteristics in child behavior problem interventions. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.010.CrossRef

Werner, N. E., Eaton, A. D., Lyle, K., Tseng, H., & Holst, B. (2014). Maternal social coaching quality interrupts the development of relational aggression during early childhood. Social Development, 23(3), 470–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12048.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Maternal Reactions to Preschoolers’ Negative Emotions and Aggression: Gender Difference in Mediation of Emotion Regulation
Auteurs: Bo Lim Suh
Min Ju Kang
Publicatiedatum: 05-11-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01649-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2020

Caregiver Depressive Symptoms Associated with Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Preschoolers

Original Paper

Paternal and Maternal Attachment: A Multifaceted Perspective on Adolescents’ Friendship

Original Paper

Correction to: Advancing Home Based Parenting Programs through the Use of Telehealth Technology

Author Correction

Parental Psychological Control and Adolescent Problematic Outcomes: A Multidimensional Approach

Original Paper

Coming Out in Family and Sports-related Contexts among Young Italian Gay and Lesbian Athletes: The Mediation Effect of the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” Attitude

Original Paper

Engagement in Home Visiting Services during the Transition from Pregnancy to Postpartum: A Prospective Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Original Paper