Plain English summary
Introduction
Methods
Study participants and data collection
Health-related quality of life measures
Preference based measures of HRQoL (MAUIs) | Disease specific or symptom related measures of HRQoL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOBQ [18] | HADS [18] | ||||
Dimensions | 5 | 8 | 3 | NA | 2 |
Mobility | Mental health | Activity | Depression | ||
Pain/discomfort | Coping | Symptoms | Anxiety | ||
Depression/anxiety | Happiness | Impact (psychosocial) | |||
Self-care | Relationships | ||||
Usual activities | Self-worth | ||||
Pain | |||||
Independent living | |||||
Senses | |||||
Visual analogue scale: | Super dimensions: | Total score: | |||
Rates health on a scale of 0–100 (worst to best) | Psychosocial health (pain, independent living, senses) | Summary of all dimensions | |||
Physical health (mental health, coping, happiness, relationships, self-worth) | |||||
Items | 5 | 35 | 50 | 24 | 14 |
Response levels/types | 5 | 4–6 | 3–6 or True/false | 6 | 4 |
Health states | 3125 | 2.4 × 1023 | NA | NA | NA |
Measurement unit | Health state utility values (HSUVs) | Health state utility values (HSUVs) | Score | Score | Score |
Estimation of score | Scoring algorithm | Scoring algorithm | Scoring algorithm | Total score | Total score |
Scale | 0–1.00 | 0–1.00 | 0–100% | 0–120 | 0–7 Normal |
0 worst score/death | 0 worst score/death | 0 best possible health | 0 no shortness of breath | 8–10 borderline normal | |
1 best health | 1 best health | 100 worst possible health | 120 worst possible shortness of breath | 11–21- anxiety/depression | |
Scores less than 0 indicate health states worse than death | Scores less than 0 indicate health states worse than death | ||||
Theoretical range | − 0.59–1.00 | 0.06–1.00 | 0–100 | 0–120 | 0–21 |
Validated for IPF | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Missing values | Not allowed | Allows one missing value for dimensions with three to four items, two missing values for dimensions with seven to eight items | Allows two missed items for symptoms domain, four missed items for activity domain and six items for impact domain | Yes | Yes |
MAUIs
EQ-5D-5L
Comparator HRQoL instruments
Disease severity
Medications
Statistical analysis
Descriptive statistics
Questionnaire practicality
Agreement between instruments
Test performance
Internal validity
Construct validity
Results
Participants’ characteristics
Participant characteristic (n = 162) | |
---|---|
Age | |
Mean (SD) | 73.8 (7.6) |
Median [IQR] | 74.0 [69–78] |
Age group, n (%) | |
< 65 | 19 (11.7) |
65–75 | 82 (50.6) |
75–85 | 48 (29.6) |
> 85 | 13 (8.0) |
Gender, n (%) | |
Male | 99 (61.1) |
Female | 63 (38.9) |
Race, n (%) | |
Caucasian | 145 (89.5) |
Other | 9 (5.6) |
Missing | 8 (4.9) |
Jurisdiction, n (%) | |
NSW | 66 (40.7) |
VIC | 31 (19.1) |
QLD | 14 (8.6) |
SA | 25 (15.4) |
TAS | 16 (9.9) |
WA | 6 (3.7) |
ACT | 2 (1.2) |
NT | 2 (1.2) |
Remoteness area, n (%) | |
Major city | 99 (61.1) |
Inner regional | 43 (26.5) |
Outer regional | 15 (9.3) |
Remote | 1 (0.6) |
Missing | 4 (2.5) |
Marital Status, n (%) | |
Married/De facto/Partner | 115 (71.0) |
Divorced/Widowed/Separated/Single | 45 (27.8) |
Missing | 2 (1.2) |
Employment, n (%) | |
Full time/Part time/Unpaid work | 19 (11.7) |
Retired | 135 (83.3) |
Unemployed | 7 (4.3) |
Missing | 1 (0.6) |
Income ($AUD), n (%) | |
< 400/week | 56 (35.5) |
400–799/week | 50 (29.0) |
800–1249/week | 15 (9.0) |
> 1250/week | 12 (7.7) |
Missing | 29 (18.7) |
Comorbidities n (%) | |
0 | 33 (20.4) |
1 | 56 (34.6) |
2 | 41 (25.3) |
> 2 | 32 (19.8) |
BMI kg/m2 (n = 153) | |
Mean ± SD | 28.1 (4.8) |
Median [IQR] | 27.6[24.9–31.1] |
FVC%, (n = 101) | |
Mean (SD) | 87.6 (22.3) |
Median [IQR] | 85.0[73.1- 99.7] |
GAP total, (n = 97) | |
Mean (SD) | 4 (1) |
Median [IQR] | 4 (3–5) |
CPI total, (n = 97) | |
Mean (SD) | 36.0 (13.8) |
Median [IQR] | 45.5[34.2–54.9) |
Drugs, n (%) | |
Conditional recommendations for use (antifibrotics) | 96 (59.2) |
Conditional recommendations for use (limited evidence) | 81 (50.0) |
Strong recommendations against use | 27 (16.7) |
St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire Total Score, (n = 122) | |
Mean (SD) | 46.0 (20.6) |
Median[IQR] | 44.9 [31.5,63.9] |
UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, (n = 122) | |
Mean (SD) | 40.2 (27.6) |
Median[IQR] | 33.5 [16.3,62.0] |
Hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire, (n = 122) | |
Anxiety | |
Mean (SD) | 4.8 (4.1) |
Median (IQR) | 4 (1–7) |
Depression | |
Mean (SD) | 4 (3) |
Median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) |
Questionnaire practicality
Completion of the questionnaires
Item responses
Agreement between instruments
Instrument | AQoL 8D | EQ-5D-5L | EQ-5D VAS |
---|---|---|---|
N | 157 | 155 | 156 |
Mean (SD) | 0.69 (0.20) | 0.65 (0.28) | 69 (18) |
Median (IQR) | 0.72 (0.55–0.85) | 0.70 (0.52–0.84) | 70 (60–80) |
Skewness | − 0.41 | − 1.27 | − 0.84 |
Observed range | 0.16–1.00 | − 0.57 to 1.00 | 5–100 |
0.06–1.00 | − 0.59 to 1.00 | 0–100 | |
Participants on floor, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (4) | 0 (0) |
Participants on ceiling, n (%) | 2 (1) | 20 (13) | 2 (1) |
Participant | FVC% quintiles | GAP stage | CPI quintiles | EQ-VAS Score | AQOL-8D Utility | AQOL-8D MSD | AQOL-8D PSD | SGRQ total | SGRQ symptoms | SGRQ activity | SGRQ impact | SOBQ | HADS anxiety | HADS depression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | - | - | 80 | 0.68 | 0.36 | 0.59 | 25 | 24 | 32 | 22 | 22 | 1 | 4 |
2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 0.75 | 0.33 | 0.89 | 15 | 24 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 4 | 6 |
3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 85 | 0.75 | 0.33 | 0.90 | 28 | 26 | 47 | 18 | 18 | 2 | 2 |
4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 90 | 0.77 | 0.38 | 0.79 | 39 | 41 | 47 | 33 | 33 | 6 | 7 |
5 | - | - | - | 70 | 0.79 | 0.38 | 0.87 | 50 | 63 | 49 | 47 | 47 | 2 | 2 |
6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 80 | 0.85 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 34 | 36 | 47 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 3 |
7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 70 | 0.88 | 0.52 | 0.92 | 62 | 100 | 66 | 48 | 48 | 6 | 5 |
8 | 5 | - | 88 | 0.93 | 0.60 | 0.88 | 70 | 76 | 72 | 66 | 66 | 4 | 1 | |
9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 85 | 0.93 | 0.66 | 0.84 | 17 | 19 | 29 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
10 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 90 | 0.95 | 0.67 | 0.91 | 22 | 41 | 29 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 2 |
11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 85 | 0.95 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 37 | 57 | 66 | 14 | 14 | 5 | 2 |
12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 80 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 14 | 21 | 17 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 1 |
13 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 95 | 0.97 | 0.75 | 0.91 | 12 | 38 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14 | 5 | 1 | 1 | - | 0.97 | 0.75 | 0.95 | 8 | 27 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
15 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 85 | 0.98 | 0.78 | 0.97 | 25 | 48 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 1 |
16 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 93 | 0.98 | 0.74 | 1.00 | 22 | 32 | 35 | 11 | 11 | 1 | 3 |
17 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 95 | 0.98 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 29 | 41 | 59 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
18 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 95 | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 14 | 6 | 24 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
19 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
20 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 96 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 4 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Mean (SD) | – | – | – | 69 (78) | 0.69 (0.20) | 0.41 (0.21) | 0.60 (0.20) | 45 (20) | 50 (24) | 62 (23) | 22 (34) | 39 (28) | 5 (4) | 4 (3) |
Median (IQR) | – | – | – | 70 (60–80) | 0.72 (0.55–0.85) | 0.37 (0.26–0.52) | 0.59 (0.46–0.76) | 42 (31–60) | 50 (32–71) | 66 (48–79) | 30 (17–49) | 32 (16–62) | 4 (1–7) | 3 (2–6) |
Participant | EQ-5D-5L Utility | FVC% quintiles | GAP stage | CPI quintiles | EQ-VAS Score | AQOL-8D Utility | AQOL-8D MSD | AQOL-8D PSD | SGRQ total | SGRQ symptoms | SGRQ activity | SGRQ impact | SOBQ | HADS anxiety | HADS depression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | − 0.57 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 84 | 97 | 100 | 70 | 73 | 16 | 12 |
2 | − 0.20 | 1 | 13 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 81 | 64 | 93 | 79 | 91 | 10 | 8 | ||
3 | − 0.17 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 40 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 49 | 75 | 66 | 30 | 38 | 12 | 2 |
4 | − 0.08 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 25 | 0.47 | 0.17 | 0.51 | 73 | 83 | 93 | 59 | 101 | 9 | 14 |
5 | − 0.01 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 40 | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 64 | 88 | 93 | 38 | 63 | 7 | 6 |
6 | − 0.01 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 32 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 61 | 66 | 100 | 38 | 79 | 7 | 4 |
Mean (SD) | − 0.17 (0.19) | – | – | – | 32 (13) | 0.32 (0.12) | 0.12 (0.05) | 0.31 (0.11) | 68 (12) | 79 (12) | 91 (11) | 52 (18) | 74 (20) | 10 (3) | 8 (4) |
Median (IQR) | − 0.13 (− 0.2 to − 0.03) | – | – | – | 40 (25–40) | 0.31 (0.22–0.41) | 0.13 (0.08–0.16) | 0.3 (0.22–0.36) | 68 (61–79) | 79 (68–87) | 93 (93–98) | 48 (38–67) | 76 (66–88) | 10 (8–12) | 7 (5–11) |
EQ-VAS | EQ-5D-5L | AQoL-8D | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | Mean HSUV (95CI) | Median (IQR) | Range (min–max) | n (%) | Mean HSUV (95CI) | Median (IQR) | Range (min–max) | n (%) | Mean HSUV (95CI) | Median (IQR) | Range (min–max) | |
All participantsa | 156 (100) | 68 (66–71) | 70 (60–80) | 5–100 | 155 (100) | 0.65 (0.61–0.70) | 0.70 (0.52–0.84) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 157 (100) | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.72 (0.55–0.85) | 0.15–1.00 |
Age group (years) | ||||||||||||
≤ 65 | 17 (11) | 58 (47–69) | 60 (45–75) | 25–100 | 17 (11) | 0.56 (0.37–0.75) | 0.62 (0.39–0.85) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 18 (11) | 0.56 (0.44–0.68) | 0.55 (0.39–0.69) | 0.22–1.00 |
65–75 | 79 (50) | 72 (68–76) | 75 (63–85) | 5–100 | 78 (50) | 0.66 (0.60–0.73) | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 79 (50) | 0.70 (0.66–0.75) | 0.72 (0.55–0.85) | 0.16–1.00 |
75–85 | 47 (30) | 68 (63–73) | 70 (60–80) | 10–95 | 47 (30) | 0.64 (0.57–0.72) | 0.67 (0.56–0.79) | −0.08 to 1.00 | 47 (30) | 0.70 (0.65–0.76) | 0.74 (0.57–0.85) | 0.25–0.98 |
> 85 | 13 (8) | 63 (52–74) | 60 (50–75) | 30–95 | 13 (8) | 0.72 (0.61–0.82) | 0.73 (0.71–0.79) | 0.30–1.00 | 13 (8) | 0.75 (0.67–0.83) | 0.7 (0.64–0.85) | 0.55–0.98 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male | 96 (61) | 69 (65–73) | 70 (60–85) | 5–100 | 99 (64) | 0.68 (0.63–0.73) | 0.71 (0.57–0.87) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 95 (61) | 0.71 (0.67–0.75) | 0.74 (0.55–0.85) | 0.16–1.00 |
Female | 60 (38) | 67 (63–71) | 70 (59–80) | 25–90 | 56 (36) | 0.60 (0.52–0.68) | 0.66 (0.49–0.80) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 62 (39) | 0.66 (0.61–0.71) | 0.68 (0.51–0.85) | 0.22–0.98 |
Ethnicity* | ||||||||||||
Caucasian | 139 (89) | 69 (66–72) | 70 (60–80) | 5–100 | 139 (90) | 0.65 (0.60–0.69) | 0.70 (0.51–0.84) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 141 (90) | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.72 (0.55–0.85) | 0.16–1.00 |
Other | 9 (6) | 75 (64–86) | 80 (60–85) | 50–90 | 9 (6) | 0.72 (0.59–0.84) | 0.70 (0.58–0.81) | 0.51–1.00 | 9 (6) | 0.65 (0.46–0.83) | 0.72 (0.47–0.76) | 0.25–0.93 |
Employment status** | ||||||||||||
Full time/Part time /Unpaid work | 19 (12) | 78 (70–86) | 80 (70–88) | 35–100 | 18 (12) | 0.81 (0.73–0.81) | 0.85 (0.67–0.92) | 0.52–1.00 | 18 (11) | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) | 0.87 (0.75–0.95) | 0.59–1.00 |
Retired | 129 (82) | 68 (64–71) | 70 (60–80) | 5–96 | 129 (83) | 0.63 (0.59–0.63) | 0.67 (0.51–0.81) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 131 (83) | 0.67 (0.64–0.71) | 0.69 (0.52–0.84) | 0.16–1.00 |
Unemployed | 7 (4) | 57 (38–76) | 60 (45–73) | 25–80 | 7 (5) | 0.53 (0.21–0.53) | 0.66 (0.47–0.70) | −0.17 to 0.86 | 7 (4) | 0.56 (0.36–0.75) | 0.67 (0.41–0.72) | 0.23–0.75 |
Income ($AUD)*** | ||||||||||||
< 400 /week | 55 (35) | 69 (65–73) | 70 (60–80) | 25–96 | 55 (35) | 0.62 (0.54–0.69) | 0.66 (0.51–0.79) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 55 (35) | 0.67 (0.61–0.72) | 0.71 (0.54–0.77) | 0.16–1.00 |
400–799/week | 47 (30) | 67 (62–72) | 70 (59–83) | 25–95 | 45 (29) | 0.67 (0.59–0.75) | 0.70 (0.52–0.88) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 48 (31) | 0.70 (0.64–0.76) | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.22–0.99 |
800–1249/week | 14 (9) | 70 (57–83) | 75 (70–80) | 10–95 | 14 (9) | 0.63 (0.42–0.84) | 0.72 (0.45–0.97) | −0.08 to 1.00 | 14 (9) | 0.68 (0.57–0.8) | 0.73 (0.49–0.83) | 0.39–0.98 |
≥ 1250/week | 12 (8) | 72 (61–83) | 70 (64–79) | 35–100 | 12 (8) | 0.76 (0.62–0.90) | 0.81 (0.63–0.90) | 0.21–1.00 | 12 (8) | 0.74 (0.62–0.86) | 0.76 (0.63–0.87) | 0.45–1.00 |
Marital status**** | ||||||||||||
Married/de facto/partner | 111 (71) | 70 (67–73) | 70 (60–80) | 5–100 | 116 (75) | 0.65 (0.60–0.70) | 0.69 (0.52–0.85) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 113 (72) | 0.70 (0.66–0.73) | 0.74 (0.55–0.85) | 0.16–1.00 |
Divorced/widowed/single/separated | 43 (27) | 65 (59–71) | 65 (50–80) | 25–88 | 37 (24) | 0.66 (0.58–0.73) | 0.70 (0.52–0.78) | −0.01 to 1.00 | 42 (27) | 0.67 (0.61–0.74) | 0.67 (0.55–0.85) | 0.25–0.98 |
Remoteness Area***** | ||||||||||||
Major city | 97 (62) | 69 (66–73) | 70 (60–85) | 5–100 | 95 (63) | 0.68 (0.63–0.73) | 0.70 (0.56–0.87) | −0.2 to 1.00 | 98 (62) | 0.71 (0.67–0.75) | 0.74 (0.56–0.88) | 0.22–1.00 |
Outer regional | 41 (26) | 69 (64–75) | 75 (60–80) | 25–95 | 41 (27) | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | 0.71 (0.51–0.85) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 41 (26) | 0.66 (0.6–0.72) | 0.68 (0.53–0.78) | 0.16–0.98 |
Inner regional | 13 (8) | 58 (48–69) | 60 (45–70) | 25–85 | 15 (10) | 0.58 (0.44–0.72) | 0.63 (0.49–0.72) | −0.17 to 0.92 | 14 (9) | 0.64 (0.52–0.75) | 0.68 (0.54–0.77) | 0.23–0.90 |
Remote | 1 (1) | b | b | b | 1 (1) | b | b | b | 1 (1) | b | b | b |
Jurisdiction | ||||||||||||
NSW | 63 (40) | 71 (67–76) | 75 (60–85) | 10–100 | 62 (41) | 0.68 (0.61–0.74) | 0.71 (0.56–0.88) | −0.08 to 1.00 | 65 (41) | 0.71 (0.66–0.75) | 0.74 (0.56–0.87) | 0.30–0.99 |
VIC | 30 (19) | 71 (65–77) | 70 (60–85) | 35–96 | 31 (20) | 0.71 (0.61–0.80) | 0.73 (0.59–0.22) | 0.00–1.00 | 30 (19) | 0.72 (0.64–0.8) | 0.73 (0.55–0.91) | 0.25–1.00 |
QLD | 13 (8) | 66 (57–75) | 65 (55–80) | 45–90 | 13 (9) | 0.56 (0.36–0.77) | 0.59 (0.30–0.81) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 13 (8) | 0.61 (0.49–0.72) | 0.67 (0.49–0.69) | 0.22–0.96 |
SA | 24 (15) | 62 (54–70) | 65 (54–75) | 25–90 | 24 (16) | 0.59 (0.45–0.72) | 0.66 (0.51–0.73) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 24 (15) | 0.66 (0.57–0.75) | 0.73 (0.54–0.83) | 0.16–0.98 |
TAS | 16 (10) | 61 (52–69) | 63 (44–71) | 40–90 | 16 (11) | 0.58 (0.42–0.74) | 0.65 (0.49–0.74) | −0.17 to 1.00 | 16 (10) | 0.66 (0.55–0.77) | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) | 0.23–0.95 |
WA | 6 (4) | 68 (35–100) | 83 (73–85) | 5–85 | 5 (3) | 0.70 (0.32–1.08) | 0.70 (0.66–0.92) | 0.22–1.00 | 6 (4) | 0.71 (0.53–0.89) | 0.87 (0.80–0.93) | 0.43–0.96 |
ACT | 2 (1) | b | 60–100 | 60–100 | 2 (1) | b | b | 0.64–1.00 | 2 (1) | † | † | 0.74–1.00 |
NT | 2 (1) | b | b | b | 2 (1) | b | b | 0.48–0.71 | 1 (1) | b | b | b |
FVC% quintiles | ||||||||||||
Quintile 1 | 20 (13) | 59 (49–59) | 59 (50–75) | 10–93 | 20 (13) | 0.48 (0.26–0.48) | 0.61 (0.16–0.79) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 21 (13) | 0.63 (0.52–0.74) | 0.67 (0.47–0.80) | 0.16–0.98 |
Quintile 2 | 17 (11) | 68 (62–68) | 70 (60–75) | 50–90 | 18 (12) | 0.67 (0.58–0.67) | 0.69 (0.61–0.78) | 0.14–0.93 | 18 (11) | 0.70 (0.62–0.78) | 0.68 (0.62–0.84) | 0.38–0.95 |
Quintile 3 | 20 (13) | 73 (64–73) | 75 (60–85) | 30–100 | 21 (14) | 0.75 (0.67–0.75) | 0.73 (0.58–0.88) | 0.49–1.00 | 23 (15) | 0.76 (0.67–0.85) | 0.82 (0.59–0.94) | 0.25–1.00 |
Quintile 4 | 20 (13) | 79 (74–79) | 83 (70–90) | 55–95 | 21 (14) | 0.78 (0.71–0.78) | 0.79 (0.66–0.93) | 0.56–1.00 | 19 (12) | 0.78 (0.72–0.85) | 0.75 (0.7–0.88) | 0.55–0.98 |
Quintile 5 | 19 (13) | 75 (67–75) | 80 (68–85) | 40–96 | 21 (14) | 0.71 (0.57–0.71) | 0.81 (0.59–0.92) | −0.17 to 1.00 | 21 (13) | 0.72 (0.61–0.83) | 0.75 (0.51–0.93) | 0.23–1.00 |
NC | 53 (36) | 66 (60–66) | 70 (55–80) | 5–90 | 54 (36) | 0.60 (0.53–0.60) | 0.64 (0.48–0.73) | −0.01 to 1.00 | 55 (35) | 0.63 (0.59–0.68) | 0.67 (0.5–0.75) | 0.25–0.96 |
GAP | ||||||||||||
I | 37 (24) | 77 (72–82) | 80 (70–90) | 40–100 | 42 (28) | 0.70 (0.61–0.79) | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 42 (27) | 0.71 (0.64–0.78) | 0.74 (0.54–0.91) | 0.22–1.00 |
II | 46 (30) | 69 (64–74) | 70 (60–80) | 10–95 | 46 (30) | 0.72 (0.64–0.79) | 0.74 (0.66–0.88) | −0.08 to 1.00 | 47 (30) | 0.76 (0.71–0.81) | 0.77 (0.65–0.88) | 0.47–0.99 |
III | 9 (6) | 54 (40–68) | 50 (49–70) | 25–80 | 9 (6) | 0.37 (0.04–0.70) | 0.49 (0.20–0.62) | −0.57 to 0.78 | 9 (6) | 0.54 (0.37–0.7) | 0.52 (0.42–0.74) | 0.16–0.80 |
NC | 57 (38) | 66 (61–71) | 70 (55–80) | 5–90 | 58 (38) | 0.61 (0.54–0.67) | 0.64 (0.49–0.73) | −0.01 to 1.00 | 59 (38) | 0.64 (0.59–0.69) | 0.68 (0.5–0.76) | 0.25–0.96 |
CPI Quintiles | ||||||||||||
Quintile 1 | 22 (14) | 59 (49–68) | 59 (49–75) | 10–93 | 21 (14) | 0.78 (0.7–0.85) | 0.73 (0.66–0.92) | 0.51–1.00 | 20 (13) | 0.76 (0.67–0.85) | 0.75 (0.64–0.93) | 0.35–1.00 |
Quintile 2 | 17 (11) | 66 (58–73) | 65 (60–75) | 30–90 | 18 (12) | 0.75 (0.59–0.9) | 0.83 (0.67–0.98) | −0.17 to 1.00 | 18 (11) | 0.76 (0.64–0.88) | 0.85 (0.58–0.98) | 0.23–1.00 |
Quintile 3 | 22 (14) | 73 (65–80) | 75 (60–85) | 30–100 | 18 (12) | 0.67 (0.52–0.83) | 0.76 (0.52–0.88) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 19 (12) | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) | 0.75 (0.65–0.85) | 0.22–0.98 |
Quintile 4 | 19 (12) | 79 (73–84) | 80 (70–89) | 55–95 | 19 (13) | 0.66 (0.53–0.78) | 0.72 (0.59–0.8) | −0.08 to 1.00 | 20 (13) | 0.72 (0.63–0.81) | 0.76 (0.58–0.88) | 0.38–0.98 |
Quintile 5 | 20 (13) | 73 (65–81) | 80 (64–85) | 40–96 | 21 (14) | 0.54 (0.38–0.71) | 0.66 (0.49–0.72) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 21 (13) | 0.64 (0.55–0.72) | 0.67 (0.52–0.77) | 0.16–0.95 |
NC | 56 (36) | 66 (61–71) | 70 (59–80) | 5–90 | 58 (38) | 0.61 (0.54–0.67) | 0.64 (0.49–0.73) | −0.01 to 1.00 | 59 (38) | 0.64 (0.59–0.69) | 0.68 (0.5–0.76) | 0.25–0.96 |
Number of comorbidities | ||||||||||||
0 | 30 (19) | 72 (64–79) | 78 (66–84) | 5–100 | 31 (20) | 0.73 (0.65–0.81) | 0.71 (0.59–0.92) | 0.22–1.00 | 31 (20) | 0.73 (0.66–0.79) | 0.75 (0.66–0.84) | 0.30–1.00 |
1 | 54 (34) | 69 (64–74) | 73 (60–84) | 10–96 | 56 (36) | 0.69 (0.62–0.76) | 0.72 (0.59–0.88) | −0.08 to 1.00 | 55 (35) | 0.72 (0.67–0.77) | 0.73 (0.58–0.88) | 0.25–1.00 |
2 | 41 (26) | 69 (64–74) | 70 (60–80) | 25–93 | 39 (25) | 0.61 (0.51–0.72) | 0.66 (0.51–0.81) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 40 (25) | 0.68 (0.61–0.74) | 0.70 (0.55–0.84) | 0.16–0.98 |
> 2 | 31 (20) | 63 (56–70) | 60 (50–75) | 30–100 | 29 (19) | 0.54 (0.43–0.65) | 0.55 (0.30–0.73) | −0.17 to 1.00 | 31 (20) | 0.61 (0.53–0.69) | 0.64 (0.45–0.77) | 0.23–0.99 |
BMI category (kg/m2)****** | ||||||||||||
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 34 (22) | 68 (62–74) | 75 (60–80) | 25–95 | 35 (23) | 0.73 (0.66–0.81) | 0.80 (0.66–0.87) | 0.04–1.00 | 36 (23) | 0.71 (0.64–0.77) | 0.71 (0.59–0.85) | 0.30–0.98 |
Underweight (< 18.5) | 1 (1) | NA | NA | 50 | 1 (1) | NA | NA | 0.20 | 1 (1) | NA | NA | 0.34 |
Overweight (25–29.9) | 66 (42) | 70 (65–75) | 75 (60–84) | 5–96 | 63 (41) | 0.68 (0.62–0.75) | 0.71 (0.58–0.86) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 64 (41) | 0.71 (0.67–0.76) | 0.74 (0.62–0.85) | 0.16–1.00 |
Obese (> 30) | 46 (29) | 68 (64–73) | 70 (58–80) | 40–100 | 47 (30) | 0.57 (0.49–0.66) | 0.64 (0.48–0.74) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 47 (30) | 0.65 (0.59–0.71) | 0.67 (0.49–0.84) | 0.22–1.00 |
St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire total score | ||||||||||||
Quartile 1 | 31 (20) | 84 (80–88) | 85 (78–92) | 60–100 | 32 (21) | 0.85 (0.78–0.85) | 0.92 (0.81–1.00) | 0.14–1.00 | 31 (20) | 0.86 (0.80–0.92) | 0.92 (0.75–0.98) | 0.44–1.00 |
Quartile 2 | 36 (23) | 72 (68–76) | 75 (69–80) | 30–90 | 35 (23) | 0.74 (0.69–0.74) | 0.72 (0.67–0.85) | 0.48–1.00 | 36 (23) | 0.76 (0.71–0.81) | 0.77 (0.67–0.86) | 0.35–0.95 |
Quartile 3 | 25 (16) | 67 (60–73) | 70 (60–80) | 35–90 | 28 (19) | 0.61 (0.53–0.61) | 0.64 (0.58–0.71) | −0.17 to 0.81 | 27 (17) | 0.64 (0.59–0.7) | 0.67 (0.55–0.73) | 0.23–0.88 |
Quartile 4 | 31 (20) | 56 (49–63) | 57 (50–68) | 10–90 | 27 (18) | 0.38 (0.23–0.38) | 0.46 (0.17–0.63) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 31 (20) | 0.54 (0.47–0.61) | 0.51 (0.4–0.68) | 0.16–0.93 |
UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire | ||||||||||||
Quartile 1 | 30 (19) | 85 (81–88) | 85 (80–92) | 60–100 | 32 (21) | 0.86 (0.81–0.86) | 0.92 (0.74–1.00) | 0.55–1.00 | 30 (19) | 0.85 (0.8–0.91) | 0.90 (0.75–0.98) | 0.47–1.00 |
Quartile 2 | 32 (20) | 73 (69–78) | 75 (69–80) | 30–90 | 30 (20) | 0.75 (0.68–0.75) | 0.76 (0.66–0.91) | 0.14–1.00 | 32 (20) | 0.78 (0.73–0.84) | 0.82 (0.73–0.88) | 0.35–0.98 |
Quartile 3 | 30 (19) | 67 (62–72) | 70 (60–75) | 35–90 | 28 (19) | 0.60 (0.51–0.60) | 0.64 (0.55–0.72) | −0.17 to 0.88 | 32 (20) | 0.65 (0.6–0.70) | 0.67 (0.56–0.74) | 0.23–0.90 |
Quartile 4 | 31 (20) | 54 (48–61) | 57 (47–65) | 10–88 | 32 (21) | 0.42 (0.30–0.42) | 0.50 (0.22–0.66) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 31 (20) | 0.54 (0.48–0.61) | 0.52 (0.41–0.67) | 0.16–0.93 |
HADS Anxiety | ||||||||||||
Normal | 94 (60) | 73 (70–76) | 75 (61–85) | 30–100 | 96 (63) | 0.72 (0.68–0.77) | 0.73 (0.62–0.92) | −0.01 to 1.00 | 96 (61) | 0.75 (0.71–0.78) | 0.77 (0.67–0.89) | 0.34–1.00 |
Mild | 15 (10) | 56 (47–66) | 60 (50–68) | 10–80 | 14 (9) | 0.49 (0.31–0.67) | 0.54 (0.48–0.70) | −0.20 to 0.86 | 15 (10) | 0.52 (0.45–0.59) | 0.56 (0.48–0.63) | 0.22–0.74 |
Moderate | 13 (8) | 63 (50–75) | 65 (50–75) | 25–90 | 11 (7) | 0.41 (0.21–0.61) | 0.49 (0.27–0.62) | −0.17 to 0.81 | 13 (8) | 0.41 (0.17–0.64) | 0.45 (0.39–0.51) | 0.23–0.72 |
Severe | 1 (1) | b | b | b | 1 (1) | b | b | b | 1 (1) | b | b | b |
HADS Depression | ||||||||||||
Normal | 103 (66) | 73 (70–76) | 75 (63–85) | 30–100 | 102 (67) | 0.72 (0.67–0.76) | 0.73 (0.61–0.91) | −0.17 to 1.00 | 104 (66) | 0.75 (0.71–0.78) | 0.75 (0.66–0.88) | 0.23–1.00 |
Mild | 15 (10) | 60 (54–67) | 60 (50–68) | 40–80 | 15 (10) | 0.46 (0.31–0.61) | 0.51 (0.34–0.63) | −0.20 to 0.78 | 16 (10) | 0.52 (0.45–0.59) | 0.53 (0.48–0.58) | 0.22–0.82 |
Moderate | 5 (3) | 33 (10–56) | 25 (25–50) | 10–55 | 5 (3) | 0.06 (−0.47 to 0.59) | 0.04 (−0.08 to 0.39) | −0.57 to .51 | 5 (3) | 0.41 (0.17–0.64) | 0.42 (0.3–0.47) | 0.16–0.67 |
Severe | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Medications | ||||||||||||
Conditional recommendations for use (antifibrotics) | ||||||||||||
No | 64 (41) | 67 (63–72) | 73 (57–80) | 5–95 | 62 (40) | 0.62 (0.55–0.69) | 0.67 (0.50–0.80) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 63 (40) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | 0.70 (0.55–0.83) | 0.22–0.97 |
Yes | 92 (59) | 69 (65–73) | 70 (60–85) | 10–100 | 93 (60) | 0.67 (0.62–0.73) | 0.70 (0.56–0.88) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 94 (60) | 0.70 (0.66–0.74) | 0.72 (0.54–0.87) | 0.16–1.00 |
Conditional recommendations for use (limited evidence) | ||||||||||||
No | 78 (50) | 71 (67–75) | 75 (65–85) | 5–100 | 81 (50) | 0.71 (0.65–0.77) | 0.72 (0.62–0.87) | −0.08 to 1.00 | 78 (50) | 0.73 (0.69–0.77) | 0.75 (0.63–0.85) | 0.25–1.00 |
Yes | 78 (50) | 66 (62–69) | 65 (51–80) | 25–100 | 81 (50) | 0.60 (0.53–0.67) | 0.64 (0.49–0.81) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 79 (50) | 0.65 (0.60–0.70) | 0.67 (0.49–0.83) | 0.16–0.99 |
Strong recommendations against use | ||||||||||||
No | 130 (83) | 70 (67–73) | 70 (60–84) | 5–100 | 130 (81) | 0.67 (0.63–0.71) | 0.71 (0.56–0.85) | −0.57 to 1.00 | 130 (83) | 0.72 (0.69–0.75) | 0.75 (0.56–0.87) | 0.16–1.00 |
Yes | 26 (17) | 61 (54–68) | 60 (49–75) | 25–90 | 30 (19) | 0.33 (0.03–0.63) | 0.49 (−0.01 to 0.52) | −0.20 to 1.00 | 27 (17) | 0.55 (0.47–0.63) | 0.60 (0.39–0.69) | 0.22–0.9 |