Introduction
Methods
Data source
Outcome measures
ICEpop CAPability measure for adults (ICECAP-A)
EuroQol Five-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L)
International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB)
Psychometric analysis
Acceptability
Validity
Responsiveness
Hypothetical constructs
Results
Variable | Category | Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|
Age (mean 54.69; SD 13.89) | ||
Age groups | <30 | 27 (5.65) |
30–44 | 90 (18.83) | |
45–64 | 236 (49.37) | |
≥65 | 125 (26.15) | |
Weight (mean 76.83; SD 17.87) | ||
BMI | Normal | 115 (24.06) |
Overweight | 165 (34.52) | |
Obese | 198 (41.42) | |
Urodynamic diagnosis | Detrusor overactivity | 208 (44.73) |
Mixed incontinence | 84 (18.06) | |
Stress incontinence | 56 (12.04) | |
Normal bladder | 76 (16.34) | |
Othera
| 41 (8.82) | |
Advanced prolapse | No | 351 (74.21) |
Yes | 122 (25.79) | |
Voiding difficulty | No | 265 (56.38) |
Yes | 205 (43.62) | |
Previous urinary surgery | No | 389 (82.42) |
Yes | 83 (17.58) | |
Impact of symptoms (‘bother’) | Low | 42 (8.99) |
Moderate | 83 (17.77) | |
High | 342 (73.23) |
Acceptability
Construct validity
ICECAP-A
|
ICIQ-OAB
| ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capability index score | Stability | Attachment | Autonomy | Achievement | Enjoyment | ICIQ-OAB score | Frequency of urination (day) | Frequency of urination (night) | Frequency of rush | Frequency of leak | |
EQ-5D | |||||||||||
Health index score | 0.53** | 0.38** | 0.21** | 0.48** | 0.45** | 0.40** | −0.26** | −0.06 | −0.20** | −0.11* | −0.15** |
Mobility | 0.35** | 0.23** | 0.06 | 0.41** | 0.36** | 0.29** | −0.21** | −0.05 | −0.18** | −0.03 | −0.11* |
Self-care | 0.35** | 0.20** | 0.13** | 0.44** | 0.32** | 0.28** | −0.21** | −0.04 | −0.14** | −0.10* | −0.20** |
Usual activities | 0.38** | 0.26** | 0.11* | 0.40** | 0.31** | 0.34** | −0.25** | −0.14** | −0.11* | −0.16** | −0.21** |
Pain and discomfort | 0.30** | 0.21** | 0.10* | 0.27** | 0.28** | 0.22** | −0.17** | −0.02 | −0.18** | −0.11* | −0.12** |
Anxiety and depression | 0.50** | 0.46** | 0.30** | 0.30** | 0.40** | 0.42** | −0.09* | −0.05 | −0.11* | −0.02 | −0.06 |
ICIQ-OAB | |||||||||||
ICIQ-OAB score | −0.28**
| −0.23**
| −0.12* | −0.19**
| −0.21**
| −0.25**
| |||||
Frequency of urination (day) | −0.10*
| −0.06
| −0.08 | −0.06
| −0.08*
| −0.16**
| |||||
Frequency of urination (night) | −0.15**
| −0.11*
| −0.03 | −0.12* | −0.13** | −0.15** | |||||
Frequency of rush | −0.13**
| −0.12**
| −0.04 | −0.10*
| −0.12**
| −0.11*
| |||||
Frequency of leaking | −0.17**
| −0.18**
| −0.09* | −0.13**
| −0.14**
| −0.13**
|
Variables | Categories | ICECAP-A | EQ-5D | ICIQ-OAB | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) |
P value§
|
P value§§
| Mean (SD) |
P value§
|
P value§§
| Mean (SD) |
P value§
|
P value§§
| ||
Age | <65 | 0.82 (0.18) | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.69 (0.28) | 0.18 | 0.17 | 9.14 (2.72) | 0.53 | 0.43 |
≥65 | 0.85 (0.15) | 0.65 (0.28) | 9.31 (2.55) | |||||||
BMI | Normal | 0.85 (0.15) |
0.00**
,†
|
0.01*
| 0.75 (0.24) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** | 8.86 (2.56) | 0.06†
| 0.09 |
Overweight | 0.85 (0.15) | 0.69 (0.28) | 8.99 (2.63) | |||||||
Obese | 0.80 (0.19) | 0.64 (0.30) | 9.53 (2.75) | |||||||
Detrusor overactivity | No | 0.85 (0.16) |
0.02*
,†
|
0.07
| 0.72 (0.26) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** | 8.73 (2.54) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** |
Yes | 0.81 (0.18) | 0.63 (0.31) | 9.76 (2.73) | |||||||
Surgery | No | 0.83 (0.17) | 0.59 | 0.37 | 0.69 (0.28) | 0.35 | 0.65 | 9.13 (2.64) | 0.29 | 0.05 |
Yes | 0.84 (0.17) | 0.66 (0.28) | 9.47 (2.85) | |||||||
Advance prolapse | No | 0.83 (0.17) | 0.97 | 0.81 | 0.69 (0.29) | 0.16 | 0.18 | 9.32 (2.64) | 0.06†
| 0.02* |
Yes | 0.83 (0.18) | 0.65 (0.30) | 8.79 (2.70) | |||||||
Voiding difficulty | No | 0.83 (0.16) | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.69 (0.27) | 0.55 | 0.69 | 9.06 (2.69) | 0.28 | 0.13 |
Yes | 0.83 (0.18) | 0.68 (0.30) | 9.33 (2.63) | |||||||
Bother—frequency of urination (day) | ≤5 | 0.87 (0.13) |
0.00**
,††
|
0.01*
| 0.74 (0.20) | 0.03* | 0.07 | 6.86 (2.16) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** |
>5 | 0.82 (0.19) | 0.67 (0.30) | 9.77 (2.47) | |||||||
Bother—frequency of urination (night) | ≤5 | 0.87 (0.13) |
0.00**
,†
|
0.02*
| 0.73 (0.23) | 0.02* | 0.10 | 7.44 (2.21) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** |
>5 | 0.81 (0.18) | 0.67 (0.30) | 9.85 (2.53) | |||||||
Bother—frequency of rush | ≤5 | 0.87 (0.14) |
0.06
†
| 0.14 | 0.73 (0.22) | 0.19 | 0.29 | 7.00 (2.37) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** |
>5 | 0.82 (0.17) | 0.68 (0.29) | 9.52 (2.56) | |||||||
Bother—frequency of leaking | ≤5 | 0.88 (0.13) |
0.00**
,††
|
0.04*
| 0.74 (0.25) | 0.10 | 0.31 | 7.20 (2.36) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** |
>5 | 0.82 (0.18) | 0.68 (0.29) | 9.54 (2.57) | |||||||
Total impact of symptoms | Low | 0.86 (0.14) |
0.00**
,††
|
0.01**
| 0.75 (0.19) | 0.15 | 0.27 | 6.31 (2.17) | 0.00**,††
| 0.00** |
Moderate | 0.87 (0.13) | 0.70 (0.24) | 7.57 (2.15) | |||||||
High | 0.81 (0.18) | 0.67 (0.30) | 9.94 (2.39) |
Responsiveness
Floor effect (%) | Ceiling effect (%) | Baseline score | Follow-up score | Score change |
P value | SRMǂ
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
ICECAP-A | |||||||||
All women (n = 441) | 0.00 | 0.63 | 11.72 | 12.34 | 0.83 (0.17) | 0.81 (0.20) | −0.02 (0.15) | 0.02* | −0.11 |
Increased bother (n = 132) | 0.00 | 0.21 | 3.14 | 2.93 | 0.82 (0.16) | 0.78 (0.22) | −0.05 (0.15) | 0.00**,†
| −0.32a |
Same bother (n = 46) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.67 | 0.84 | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.74 (0.22) | −0.03 (0.17) | 0.17 | −0.21a |
Lower bother (n = 263) | 0.00 | 0.42 | 6.90 | 8.58 | 0.84 (0.17) | 0.84 (0.19) | 0.00 (0.15) | 0.86 | 0.01 |
EQ-5D-3L | |||||||||
All women (n = 452) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 15.90 | 20.71 | 0.68 (0.28) | 0.66 (0.33) | −0.02 (0.25) | 0.15 | −0.07 |
Increased bother (n = 135) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.44 | 4.81 | 0.69 (0.28) | 0.64 (0.33) | −0.05 (0.24) | 0.02*,†
| −0.21a |
Same bother (n = 47) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.67 | 1.88 | 0.59 (0.38) | 0.57 (0.39) | −0.02 (0.22) | 0.50 | −0.10 |
Lower bother (n = 270) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.79 | 14.02 | 0.69 (0.26) | 0.69 (0.32) | 0.00 (0.26) | 0.97 | 0.00 |
ICIQ-OAB | |||||||||
All women (n = 454) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.05 | 9.20 (2.67) | 7.31 (3.33) | −1.89 (3.01) | 0.00**,††
| −0.63b |
Increased bother (n = 136) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.68 (2.48) | 8.76 (2.98) | 0.07 (2.16) | 0.69 | 0.03 |
Same bother (n = 46) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.39 (3.42) | 10.11(3.52) | −0.28 (2.43) | 0.43 | −0.12 |
Lower bother (n = 272) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.05 | 9.25 (2.56) | 6.11 (2.87) | −3.14 (2.82) | 0.00**,††
| −1.12c |
Baseline score | Follow-up score | Score change |
P value | SRMǂ
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
ICECAP-A | |||||
Improved (n = 272) | 0.85 (0.17) | 0.85 (0.18) | 0.00 (0.15) | 0.96 | 0.00 |
Same level (n = 75) | 0.79 (0.18) | 0.76 (0.21) | −0.03 (0.13) | 0.06 | −0.23a |
Deteriorated (n = 97) | 0.80 (0.18) | 0.74 (0.22) | −0.06 (0.18) | 0.00**,††
| −0.32a |
EQ-5D-3L | |||||
Improved (n = 280) | 0.70 (0.26) | 0.70 (0.30) | 0.00 (0.25) | 0.77 | 0.02 |
Same level (n = 75) | 0.66 (0.31) | 0.61 (0.36) | −0.05 (0.24) | 0.08†
| −0.21a |
Deteriorated (n = 97) | 0.64 (0.31) | 0.59 (0.37) | −0.05 (0.26) | 0.04* | −0.21a |
Baseline score | Follow-up score | Score change |
P value | SRMǂ
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
ICECAP-A | |||||
Improved (n = 136) | 0.86 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.16) | 0.00 (0.14) | 0.97 | 0.00 |
Same level (n = 104) | 0.83 (0.17) | 0.81 (0.19) | −0.02 (0.15) | 0.11 | −0.16 |
Deteriorated (n = 48) | 0.79 (0.19) | 0.73 (0.24) | −0.07 (0.15) | 0.00**,†
| −0.45a |
EQ-5D-3L | |||||
Improved (n = 140) | 0.71 (0.26) | 0.71 (0.29) | 0.00 (0.21) | 0.79 | −0.02 |
Same level (n = 107) | 0.64 (0.30) | 0.64 (0.33) | 0.01 (0.27) | 0.84 | 0.02 |
Deteriorated (n = 50) | 0.65 (0.26) | 0.55 (0.39) | −0.10 (0.33) | 0.04* | −0.31a |
ICIQ-OAB | |||||
Improved (n = 139) | 8.90 (2.55) | 6.04 (3.06) | −2.86 (3.32) | 0.00**,††
| −0.86c |
Same level (n = 113) | 9.12 (2.58) | 7.94 (3.04) | −1.18 (2.50) | 0.00**,††
| −0.47a |
Deteriorated (n = 49) | 8.80 (2.70) | 8.45 (3.57) | −0.35 (2.63) | 0.36 | −0.13 |