Top

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Gepubliceerd in:

07-01-2019 | Original Paper

Indulgent Parenting, Helicopter Parenting, and Well-being of Parents and Emerging Adults

Auteurs: Ming Cui, Carol A. Darling, Catherine Coccia, Frank D. Fincham, Ross W. May

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 3/2019

Abstract

Objectives

Research on indulgent parenting in childhood and adolescence and its association with helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood and the well-being of parents and emerging adult children is limited. In this study, we examined (1) the association between indulgent parenting in childhood and adolescence and helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood, (2) the association between indulgent parenting and parents’ parenting stress and negative well-being, and (3) whether helicopter parenting mediated the association between indulgent parenting and emerging adults’ psychological problems.

Methods

The sample was composed of 449 college students with a subsample of 142 parent-student dyads.

Results

Results from analyses on parents (Part I, N = 142) and emerging adults (Part II, N = 449) suggested that (1) indulgent parenting in childhood and adolescence was associated with helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood (b = .69, p < .01 in Part I; b = .58, p < .01 in Part II), (2) there was a positive association between indulgent parenting and parents’ negative well-being (b = .26, p < .01 in Part I) and parenting stress (b = .29, p < .01 in Part I), and (3) helicopter parenting mediated the association between indulgent parenting and emerging adults’ depressive and anxiety symptoms and emotional dysregulation (.15, 95% CI .03 to .43 in Part II).

Conclusions

Implications for parenting and emerging adult health programs were discussed.

vorige artikel Paternal Self-efficacy, Fathering, and Children’s Behavioral Problems in Korea

volgende artikel Maternal Emotional and Physiological Reactivity: Implications for Parenting and the Parenting–Adolescent Relationship

ABC News (2007). Helicopter parents hover over kids’ lives. http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/AmericanFamily/story?id=3699441&page=1.

ABC News (2009). “Helicopter moms:” Hurting or helping your kids? http://abcnews.go.com/2020/Parenting/story?id=8418453.

Abidin, R. R. (1992). The determinants of parenting behavior. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21, 407–412.CrossRef

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting stress index. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Ashton-James, C. E., Kushlev, K., & Dunn, E. W. (2013). Parents reap what they sow: child-centrism and parental well-being. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4, 635–642.CrossRef

Bahr, S., & Hoffmann, J. (2010). Parenting style, religiosity, peers, and adolescent heavy drinking. Journal of Studies of Alcohol and Drugs, 71, 539–543.CrossRef

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43–88.CrossRefPubMed

Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V., & Hemphill, S. A. (2006). Parent influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties. J Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 542–559.CrossRef

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 6, 893–897.CrossRef

Bradley-Geist, J. C., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2014). Helicopter parents: an examination of the correlates of over-parenting of college students. Education Training, 56, 314–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-10-2012-0096.CrossRef

Bredehoft, D., & Walcheski, M. (2008). Overindulgence: parental overindulgence assessment scale (1.2). St. Paul, MN: Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Concordia University.

Chen, X., Liu, M., & Li, D. (2000). Parental warmth, control, and indulgence and their relations to adjustment in Chinese children: a longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 401–419.CrossRefPubMed

Clarke, J. I., Dawson, C., & Bredehoft, D. (2014). How much is too much?. Boston: De Capo Press.

Coccia, C., & Darling, C. A. (2017). Indulgent parenting and life satisfaction of college students: examination of eating, weight, and body image. Journal of Family Issues, 38, 1191–1214.CrossRef

Coccia, C., Darling, C. A., Rehm, M., Cui, M., & Sathe, S. K. (2012). Adolescent health, stress and life satisfaction: the paradox of indulgent parenting. Stress and Health, 28, 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1426.CrossRefPubMed

Crnic, K. A., & Low, C. (2002). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5. Practical issues in parenting. 2nd Ed (pp. 243–267). Mahwah, NJ: Earlbaum.

Cui, M., Allen, J., Fincham, F.D., May, R.W., & Love, H. (2018). Helicopter parenting, self-regulatory processes, and alcohol use among female college students. Journal of Adult Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-018-9301-5.

Cui, M., Darling, C. A., Lucier-Greer, M., Fincham, F. D., & May, R. W. (2018). Parental indulgence: profiles and effects on young adults’ emotional and behavioral problems. J Child Fam Stud 27, 2456–2466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1076-6.CrossRef

Cui, M., Graber, J., Metz, A., & Darling, C. (2016). Parental indulgence, self-regulation, and young adults’ behavioral and emotional problems. Journal of Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2016.1237884

Darling, C. A., Rehm, M., Coccia, C., & Cui, M. (2015). Adolescent eating behavior: the role of indulgent parenting. Families in Society, 96, 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2015.96.37.CrossRef

Dearing, E., & Hamilton, L. C. (2006). Contemporary advances and classic advice for analyzing mediating and moderating variables. Monographs of the Society Research in Child Development, 71, 88–104.

Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.CrossRefPubMed

Elder, G. H., & Giele, J. Z. (Eds.) (2009). The craft of life course research. New York: Guilford Press.

Fletcher, A., Steinberg, L., & Sellers, E. (1999). Adolescents’ well-being as a function of perceived interparental consistency. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 599–610. https://doi.org/10.2307/353563.CrossRef

Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18, 233–239.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gar, N. S., & Hudson, J. L. (2008). An examination of the interactions between mothers and children with anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1266–1274.CrossRefPubMed

García, F., & Gracia, E. (2014). The indulgent parenting style and developmental outcomes in South European and Latin American countries. In H. Selin (Ed.), Parenting across cultures (pp. 419–433). Netherlands: Springer.

Goodman, S. H., & Tully, E. (2008). Children of depressed mothers. Implications for the etiology, treatment, and prevention of depression in children and adolescents. In J. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 415–440). New York: Guilford Press.

Kindlon, D. (2001). Too much of a good thing. New York: Hyperion.

Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford publications.

Kouros, C., Pruitt, M., Ekas, N., Kiriaki, R., & Sunderland, M. (2017). Helicopter parenting, autonomy support, and students’ mental health and well-being: the moderating role of sex and ethnicity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 939–949.CrossRef

Lavee, Y., Sharlin, S., & Katz, R. (1996). The effect of parenting stress on marital quality an integrated mother-father model. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 114–135.CrossRef

LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociol Spectrum, 31, 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2011.574038.CrossRef

Lenhard, W., & Lenhard, A. (2014). Hypothesis tests for comparing correlations. Bibergau (Germany): Psychometrica.

Lorenz, F. O., Conger, R. D., Simon, R. L., Whitbeck, L. B., & Elder, Jr, G. H. (1991). Economic pressure and marital quality: An illustration of the method variance problem in the causal modeling of family processes. Jouranl of Marriage and Family, 53, 375–388.CrossRef

Lorenz, F. O., Melby, J. N., Conger, R. D., & Xu, X. (2007). The effects of context on the correspondence between observational ratings and questionnaire reports of hostile behavior: a multitrait, multimethod approach. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 498–509.CrossRefPubMed

Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen, E. M. Hetherington, (Eds.) Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development. 4th Edn. (pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.

Nelson, L. J., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nielson, M. G. (2015). Is hovering smothering or loving? An examination of parental warmth as a moderator of relations between helicopter parenting and emerging adults’ indices of adjustment. Emerging Adulthood, 3, 282–285.CrossRef

Nelson, S. K., Kushlev, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). The pains and pleasures of parenting: when, why, and how is parenthood associated with more or less well-being? Psychological Bulletin, 140, 846–895.CrossRefPubMed

Nomaguchi, K. (2012). Parenthood and psychological well-being: clarifying the role of child age and parent-child relationship quality. Social Sciences Research, 41, 489–498.CrossRef

Odenweller, K., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Weber, K. (2014). Investigating helicopter parenting, family environments, and relational outcomes for millennials. Communication Studies, 65, 407–425.CrossRef

Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down?: establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1177–1190.CrossRefPubMed

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.CrossRef

Rehm, M., Darling, C., Coccia, C., & Cui, M. (2016). Parents’ perspectives on indulgence: Remembered experiences and meanings when they were adolescents and as current parents of adolescents. Journal of Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2015.1106335

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.CrossRefPubMed

Schafer, J. L. (1997). Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. London: Chapman & Hall.CrossRef

Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-Mclean, H., Geary, K. A., Erchull, M. J., & Tashner, T. (2014). Helping or hovering? The effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 548–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9716-3.CrossRef

Sears, R. R., Maccoby, E. E., & Levin, H. (1957). Patterns of child rearing. Evanston, IL: Row Peterson.

Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., Bauer, A., & Murphy, M. T. (2012). The association between overparenting, parent-child communication, and entitlement and adaptive traits in adult children. Family Relations, 61, 237–252.CrossRef

Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., & Montgomery, N. (2013). Parent and child traits associated with overparenting. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 569–595.CrossRef

Smetana, J. G. (1995). Parenting styles and conceptions of parental authority during adolescence. Child Development, 66, 299–316.CrossRefPubMed

Somers, P., & Settle, J. (2010). The helicopter parent: research toward a typology. College and University: The Journal of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars, 86, 18–27.

van Ingen, D. J., Freiheit, S. R., Steinfeldt, J. A., Moore, L. L., Wimer, D. J., Knutt, A. D., & Roberts, A. (2015). Helicopter parenting: the effect of an overbearing caregiving style on peer attachment and self-efficacy. Journal of College Counseling, 18, 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2015.00065.x.CrossRef

Victor, S. E., & Klonsky, E. D. (2016). Validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS-18) in five samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 1–8.CrossRef

The New York Times (2010). Raising successful children. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/opinion/sunday/raising-successful-children.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.

Time (2009). The growing backlash against overparenting. http://web.uvic.ca/~gtreloar/Articles/Parenting/Helicopter%20Parents%20The%20Backlash%20Against%20Overparenting.pdf.

USA Today (2012). Self-sufficiency elusive to young adults of hovering parenting. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/jobcenter/workplace/bruzzese/story/2012-08-26/helicopter-parents-hurt-generation-of-workers/57292900/1.

Titel: Indulgent Parenting, Helicopter Parenting, and Well-being of Parents and Emerging Adults
Auteurs: Ming Cui
Carol A. Darling
Catherine Coccia
Frank D. Fincham
Ross W. May
Publicatiedatum: 07-01-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01314-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2019

Enablers of Behavioral Parent Training for Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Improving Child Emotion Regulation: Effects of Parent–Child Interaction-therapy and Emotion Socialization Strategies

Qualitative Assessment of Emotion Regulation Strategies for Prevention of Health Risk Behaviors in Early Adolescents

Is Parental Control Beneficial or Harmful to the Development of Young Children in Hong Kong?

Peer Deviance, Social Networks, and Suicide Ideation Intensity in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents

Mobile Phone Addiction and Adolescents’ Anxiety and Depression: The Moderating Role of Mindfulness