Top

20-03-2023 | Original Article

The Properties of Involuntary and Voluntary Autobiographical Memories in Chinese Patients with Depression and Healthy Individuals

Auteurs: Yanyan Shan, Shuya Yan, Yanbin Jia, Yilei Hu, David C. Rubin, Dorthe Berntsen

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research

Abstract

Background

Research on depression has largely focused on negative intrusive memories with little research on general involuntary memories as they occur in everyday life. In addition, all studies have been conducted on Western participants, and there are no studies on general involuntary memory in Eastern patients with depression.

Methods

Thirty Chinese patients with depression and 30 healthy controls completed a memory diary in which they recorded a total of 10 involuntary and 10 voluntary memories. They were requested to fill out corresponding questionnaires of involuntary and voluntary memories as well.

Results

Both patients with depression and healthy controls reported involuntary memories that had a more negative impact, were more specific, and were associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation when compared to voluntary memories. For both retrieval modes, patients with depression reported more negative and fewer positive memories, more negative and less positive mood impact, more avoidance, rumination, worry, negative interpretation, and less positive interpretation in response to the memories. Patients with depression rated their memories as more central, less specific, and rehearsed more frequently. Negative mood impact and maladaptive emotion regulation associated with involuntary memories were amplified in depression.

Conclusions

These findings support the view that general involuntary memories could be a potential target to promote the treatment for depression.

Allé, M. C., Berna, F., Danion, J. M., & Berntsen, D. (2020). Involuntary autobiographical memories in schizophrenia: Characteristics and conditions of elicitation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 567189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.567189CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Allé, M. C., Berna, F., Danion, J. M., & Berntsen, D. (2021). Unraveling the role of retrieval deficits in autobiographical memory impairment in schizophrenia: A comparison of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories. Schizophrenia Research, 228, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.013CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (1996). Beck depression inventory–II. Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1037/t00742-000CrossRef

Berntsen, D. (1996). Involuntary autobiographical memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10(5), 435–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410370301CrossRef

Berntsen, D. (2009). Involuntary autobiographical memories: An introduction to the unbidden past. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Berntsen, D. (2010). The unbidden past: Involuntary autobiographical memories as a basic mode of remembering. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410370301CrossRef

Berntsen, D., & Hall, N. M. (2004). The episodic nature of involuntary autobiographical memories. Memory & Cognition, 32(5), 789–803. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195869CrossRef

Berntsen, D., Rubin, D. C., & Salgado, S. (2015). The frequency of involuntary autobiographical memories and future thoughts in relation to daydreaming, emotional distress, and age. Consciousness and Cognition, 36, 352–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.07.007CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brewer, W. F. (1996). What is recollective memory. In D. C. Rubin (Ed.), Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory (pp. 19–66). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527913.002CrossRef

Brewin, C. R., Gregory, J. D., Lipton, M., & Burgess, N. (2010). Intrusive images in psychological disorders: Characteristics, neural mechanisms, and treatment implications. Psychological Review, 117(1), 210–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018113CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brewin, C. R., Reynolds, M., & Tata, P. (1999). Autobiographical memory processes and the course of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(3), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.108.3.511CrossRefPubMed

Brewin, C. R., Watson, M., McCarthy, S., Hyman, P., & Dayson, D. (1998). Intrusive memories and depression in cancer patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(12), 1131–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00084-9CrossRefPubMed

Bywaters, M., Andrade, J., & Turpin, G. (2004). Intrusive and non-intrusive memories in a non-clinical sample: The effects of mood and affect on imagery vividness. Memory, 12(4), 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000089CrossRefPubMed

Carl, J. R., Soskin, D. P., Kerns, C., & Barlow, D. H. (2013). Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: A theoretical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(3), 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.01.003CrossRefPubMed

Chen, J. X., Yin, L., Xu, H. T., Zhang, S. Y., Huang, W. Q., Li, H. J., Li, B. B., Yang, K. B., Li, Q., Berk, M., & Su, Y. A. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the bipolar depression rating scale for bipolar disorder. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 17, 787–795. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S300761CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261CrossRefPubMed

Coughtrey, A. E., Shafran, R., & Rachman, S. J. (2015). Imagery in mental contamination. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43(3), 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465813000957CrossRefPubMed

Del Palacio-Gonzalez, A., & Berntsen, D. (2020). Involuntary autobiographical memories and future projections in social anxiety. Memory, 28(4), 516–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1738497CrossRefPubMed

Del Palacio-Gonzalez, A., Berntsen, D., & Watson, L. A. (2017). Emotional intensity and emotion regulation in response to autobiographical memories during dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(4), 530–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9841-1CrossRef

Everaert, J., Podina, I. R., & Koster, E. H. (2017). A comprehensive meta-analysis of interpretation biases in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 58, 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.005CrossRefPubMed

First, M. B., Williams, J. B., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). User’s guide for the SCID-5-CV structured clinical interview for DSM-5® disorders: Clinical version. American Psychiatric Publishing.

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well- being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348CrossRefPubMed

Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

IBM Corp. (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Isham, A. E., del Palacio-Gonzalez, A., & Dritschel, B. (2020). Trait mindfulness and emotion regulation upon autobiographical memory retrieval during depression remission. Mindfulness, 11(12), 2828–2840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01494-4CrossRef

Jermann, F., Van der Linden, M., d’Acremont, M., & Zermatten, A. (2006). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 126–131. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.2.126CrossRef

Kremers, I. P., Spinhoven, P., & Van der Does, A. J. W. (2004). Autobiographical memory in depressed and non-depressed patients with borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466504772812940CrossRefPubMed

Kvavilashvili, L., & Schlagman, S. (2011). Involuntary autobiographical memories in dysphoric mood: A laboratory study. Memory, 19(4), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2011.568495CrossRefPubMed

Mihailova, S., & Jobson, L. (2020). The impact of depression and culture on responses to intrusive autobiographical memories: Cognitive appraisals, cognitive avoidance, and brooding rumination. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12232CrossRefPubMed

Newby, J. M., & Moulds, M. L. (2010). Negative intrusive memories in depression: The role of maladaptive appraisals and safety behaviours. Journal of Affective Disorders, 126(1–2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.03.012CrossRefPubMed

Newby, J. M., & Moulds, M. L. (2011). Characteristics of intrusive memories in a community sample of depressed, recovered depressed and never-depressed individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(4), 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.003CrossRefPubMed

Parry, L., & O’Kearney, R. (2014). A comparison of the quality of intrusive memories in post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Memory, 22(4), 408–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2013.795975CrossRefPubMed

Rasmussen, A. S., & Berntsen, D. (2009). The possible functions of involuntary autobiographical memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology: THe Official Journal of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 23(8), 1137–1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1615CrossRef

Rasmussen, A. S., Johannessen, K. B., & Berntsen, D. (2014). Ways of sampling voluntary and involuntary autobiographical memories in daily life. Consciousness and Cognition, 30, 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.09.008CrossRefPubMed

Reynolds, M., & Brewin, C. R. (1998). Intrusive cognitions, coping strategies and emotional responses in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and a non-clinical population. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00013-8CrossRefPubMed

Reynolds, M., & Brewin, C. R. (1999). Intrusive memories in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(3), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00132-6CrossRefPubMed

Rubin, D. C. (Ed.). (1986). Autobiographical memory. Cambridge University Press.

Rubin, D. C., Berntsen, D., & Bohni, M. K. (2008). A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis. Psychological Review, 115(4), 985–1011. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013397CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rubin, D. C., Dennis, M. F., & Beckham, J. C. (2011). Autobiographical memory for stressful events: The role of autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(3), 840–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.015CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rubin, D. C., & Umanath, S. (2015). Event memory: A theory of memory for laboratory, autobiographical, and fictional events. Psychological Review, 122(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037907CrossRefPubMed

Spenceley, A., & Jerrom, B. (1997). Intrusive traumatic childhood memories in depression: A comparison between depressed, recovered and never depressed women. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25(4), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465800018713CrossRef

Vanderlind, W. M., Millgram, Y., Baskin-Sommers, A. R., Clark, M. S., & Joormann, J. (2020). Understanding positive emotion deficits in depression: From emotion preferences to emotion regulation. Clinical Psychology Review, 76, 101826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101826CrossRefPubMed

Wang, Q. (2011). Autobiographical memory and culture. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1047CrossRef

Wang, Z., Yuan, C., Huang, J., Li, Z., Chen, J., et al. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of beck depression inventory-II among depression patients. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 25, 476–480. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2011.06.014CrossRef

Watson, L. A., Berntsen, D., Kuyken, W., & Watkins, E. R. (2012). The characteristics of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in depressed and never depressed individuals. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(3), 1382–1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.06.016CrossRefPubMed

Watson, L. A., Berntsen, D., Kuyken, W., & Watkins, E. R. (2013). Involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memory specificity as a function of depression. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.06.001CrossRefPubMed

Young, R. C., Biggs, J. T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978). A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity and sensitivity. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 133(5), 429–435. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.133.5.429CrossRefPubMed

Zhang, Y., Long, X., Ma, X., He, Q., Luo, X., Bian, Y., Xi, Y., Sun, X., Ng, C. H., Vieta, E., & Xiang, Y. T. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the functioning assessment short test (FAST) in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 156–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.019CrossRefPubMed

Zheng, Y., Zhao, J., Phillips, M., Liu, J., Cai, M., Sun, S., & Huang, M. (1988). Validity and reliability of the Chinese hamilton depression rating scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 152(5), 660–664. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.5.660CrossRefPubMed

Titel: The Properties of Involuntary and Voluntary Autobiographical Memories in Chinese Patients with Depression and Healthy Individuals
Auteurs: Yanyan Shan
Shuya Yan
Yanbin Jia
Yilei Hu
David C. Rubin
Dorthe Berntsen
Publicatiedatum: 20-03-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10353-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen