Top

Gepubliceerd in:

23-03-2017 | Original Article

Perfectionism and Loneliness as Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in African American Adults: Further Evidence for a Top-Down Additive Model

Auteur: Edward C. Chang

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2017

Abstract

In the present study, I used a top-down approach to examine perfectionism and loneliness as additive predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in a sample of 168 African American college students. Consistent with expectations, I found perfectionism and loneliness to be associated with both depressive and anxious symptoms. In addition, results of conducting hierarchical regression analyses indicated that certain dimensions of perfectionism, especially doubts about actions, accounted for significant variance in both depressive and anxious symptoms. Moreover, the inclusion of loneliness as a predictor was found to account for additional unique variance in both depressive and anxious symptoms, beyond what was accounted for by perfectionism. Implications of the present findings for future research on negative affective conditions in African American adults are discussed.

vorige artikel The Relationship Between Automatic Thoughts and Depression in a Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for People Living with HIV/AIDS: Exploring Temporality and Causality

volgende artikel How dysfunctional are Dysfunctional Attitudes? A Threshold Model of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Aldea, M. A., & Rice, K. G. (2006). The role of emotional dysregulation in perfectionism and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 498–510.CrossRef

Bagner, D. M., Storch, E. A., & Roberti, J. W. (2004). A factor analytic study of the loneliness and social dissatisfaction scale in a sample of African-American and Hispanic-American children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 34, 237–250.CrossRefPubMed

Bailey, R. K., Blackmon, H. L., & Stevens, F. L. (2009). Major depressive disorder in the African American population: Meeting the challenges of stigma, misdiagnosis, and treatment disparities. Journal of the National Medical Association, 101, 1084–1089.CrossRefPubMed

Bardone-Cone, A. M., Weishuhn, A. S., & Boyd, C. A. (2009). Perfectionism and bulimic symptoms in African American college women: Dimensions of perfectionism and their interactions with perceived weight status. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 266–275.CrossRef

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, L., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.CrossRefPubMed

Berry, J. W. (1969). On cross-cultural comparability. International Journal of Psychology, 4, 119–128.CrossRef

Berry, J. W. (1999). Emics and etics: A symbiotic relationship. Culture and Psychology, 5, 165–171.CrossRef

Betancourt, H., & López, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology. American Psychologist, 48, 629–637.CrossRef

Burgess, A. M., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2016). Anxiety and perfectionism: Relationships, mechanisms, and conditions. In F. M. Sirois & D. S. Molnar (Eds.), Perfectionism, health, and well-being (pp. 177–203). Cham: Springer International Publishing.CrossRef

Burrow, A. L., & Ong, A. D. (2010). Racial identity as a moderator of daily exposure and reactivity to racial discrimination. Self and Identity, 9, 383–402.CrossRef

Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21, 140–151.CrossRefPubMed

Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.

Carver, C. S. (1989). How should multifaceted personality constructs be tested?: Issues illustrated by self-monitoring, attributional style, and hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 577–585.CrossRefPubMed

Castro, J. R., & Rice, K. G. (2003). Perfectionism and ethnicity: Implications for depressive symptoms and self-reported academic achievement. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, 64–78.CrossRefPubMed

Chang, E. C. (2000). Perfectionism as a predictor of positive and negative psychological outcomes: Examining a mediation model in younger and older adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 18–26.CrossRef

Chang, E. C. (2006). Conceptualization and measurement of adaptive and maladaptive aspects of perfectionism: Relations to personality, psychological functioning, and academic achievement. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 677–697.CrossRef

Chang, E. C. (2013). Perfectionism and loneliness as predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in Asian and European Americans: Do self-construal schemas also matter? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 1179–1188.CrossRef

Chang, E. C., Downey, C. A., & Lin, E. Y. (2006). Pursuing the path to a more perfect future: On causes, correlates, and consequences of perfectionism. In L. J. Sanna & E. C. Chang (Eds.), Judgments over time: The interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (pp. 47–66). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Chang, E. C., Hirsch, J. K., Sanna, L. J., Jeglic, E. L., & Fabian, C. G. (2011). A preliminary study of perfectionism and loneliness as predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in Latinas: A top-down test of a model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 441–448.CrossRefPubMed

Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., Chang, R., & Bodem, M. R. (2008). A preliminary look at loneliness as a moderator of the link between perfectionism and depressive and anxious symptoms in a college student population: Does being lonely make perfectionistic strivings more distressing? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 877–886.CrossRefPubMed

Chang, E. C., Watkins, A. F., & Banks, K. H. (2004). How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: Testing a stress-mediation model in Black and White female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 93–102.CrossRef

Chao, R. C.-L., Mallinckrodt, B., & Wei, M. (2012). Co-occurring presenting problems in African American college clients reporting racial discrimination distress. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43, 199–207.CrossRef

Cheng, P., Dolsen, M., Girz, L., Rudowski, M., Chang, E., & Deldin, P. (2015). Understanding perfectionism and depression in an adult clinical population: Is outcome expectancy relevant to psychological functioning? Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 64–67.CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Rev. ed.). New York: Academic Press.

DiBartolo, P. M., & Rendón, M. J. (2012). A critical examination of the construct of perfectionism and its relationship to mental health in Asian and African Americans using a cross-cultural framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 139–152.CrossRefPubMed

Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 203–212.CrossRefPubMed

Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2016). Still measuring perfectionism after all these years: Reflections and an introduction to the special issue on advances in the assessment of perfectionism. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 34, 615–619.CrossRef

Fontaine, R. G., Yang, C., Burks, V. S., Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Petitt, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2009). Loneliness as a partial mediator of the relation between low social preference in childhood and anxious/depressed symptoms in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 479–491.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119–126.CrossRef

Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449–468.CrossRef

Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 695–718.CrossRefPubMed

Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2014). Population distribution by race/ethnicity: Timeframe 2014. Retrieved from http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/distribution-by-raceethnicity/.

Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456–470.CrossRefPubMed

Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Ediger, E. (1996). Perfectionism and depression: Longitudinal assessment of a specific vulnerability hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 276–280.CrossRefPubMed

Hirsch, J. K., Chang, E. C., & Jeglic, E. L. (2012). Social problem solving and suicidal behavior: Ethnic differences in the moderating effects of loneliness and life stress. Archives of Suicide Research, 16, 303–315.CrossRefPubMed

Hudson, D. L., Neighbors, H. W., Geronimus, A. T., & Jackson, J. S. (2016). Racial discrimination, John Henryism, and depression among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 42, 221–243.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hunter, L. R., & Schmidt, N. B. (2010). Anxiety psychopathology in African American adults: Literature review and development of an empirically informed sociocultural model. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 211–235.CrossRefPubMed

Joiner, T. E. Jr. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. F. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mobley, M., Slaney, R. B., & Rice, K. G. (2005). Cultural validity of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised for African American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 629–639.CrossRef

Mounts, N. S., Valentiner, D. P., Anderson, K. L., & Boswell, M. K. (2006). Shyness, sociability, and parental support for the college transition: Relation to adolescents’ adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 71–80.CrossRef

Muyan, M., & Chang, E. C. (2015). Perfectionism as a predictor of suicidal risk in Turkish students: Does loneliness contribute to further risk? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39, 776–784.CrossRef

Mynatt, S., Wicks, M., & Bolden, L. (2008). Pilot study of INSIGHT therapy in African American women. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 22, 364–374.CrossRefPubMed

Neighbors, H. W., Njai, R., & Jackson, J. S. (2007). Race, ethnicity, John Henryism, and depressive symptoms: The National Survey of American Life adult reinterview. Research in Human Development, 4, 71–87.CrossRef

Olson, M. L., & Kwon, P. (2008). Brooding perfectionism: Refining the roles of rumination and perfectionism in the etiology of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 788–802.CrossRef

Perera, M. J., & Chang, E. C. (2015). Ethnic variations between Asian and European Americans in interpersonal sources of socially prescribed perfectionism: It’s not just about parents! Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6, 31–37.CrossRef

Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472–480.CrossRefPubMed

Saw, A., Berenbaum, H., & Okazaki, S. (2013). Influences of personal standards and perceived parental expectations on worry for Asian American and White American college students. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 26, 187–202.CrossRef

Sellers, R. M., Copeland-Linder, N., Martin, P. P., & Lewis, R. L. (2006). Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 187–216.CrossRef

Shafran, R., & Mansell, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 879–906.CrossRefPubMed

Shikatani, B., Antony, M. M., Cassin, S. E., & Kuo, J. R. (2016). Examining the role of perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty in postevent processing in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 297–306.CrossRef

Stöber, J., & Joormann, J. (2001). Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 49–60.CrossRef

Stumpf, H., & Parker, W. D. (2000). A hierarchical structural analysis of perfectionism and its relation to other personality characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 837–852.CrossRef

Suyemoto, K. L., & Donovan, R. A. (2015). Exploring intersections of privilege and oppression for Black and Asian immigrant and U.S. born women: Reaching across the imposed divide. In O. M. Espin & A. L. Dottolo (Eds.), Gendered journeys: Women, migration, and feminist psychology (pp. 54–75). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRef

Taylor, J. J., Papay, K. A., Webb, J. B., & Reeve, C. L. (2016). The good, the bad, and the interactive: Evaluative concerns perfectionism moderates the effect of personal strivings perfectionism on self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 95, 1–5.CrossRef

Taylor, R. J., Chae, D. H., Lincoln, K. D., & Chatters, L. M. (2015). Extended family and friendship support networks are both protective and risk factors for major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms among African-Americans and Black Caribbeans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203, 132–140.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

U.S. Census Bureau. (2015). Projections of the size and composition of the U.S. population: 2014 to 2060. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau News.

Vacha-Haase, T., & Thompson, B. (2004). How to estimate and interpret various effect sizes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 473–481.CrossRef

Watson, N. N., & Hunter, C. D. (2015). Anxiety and depression among African American women: The costs of strength and negative attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21, 604–612.CrossRefPubMed

Williams, D. R., González, H. M., Neighbors, H., Nesse, R., Abelson, J. M., Sweetman, J., & Jackson, J. S. (2007). Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites: Results from the National Survey of American Life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 305–315.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Perfectionism and Loneliness as Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in African American Adults: Further Evidence for a Top-Down Additive Model
Auteur: Edward C. Chang
Publicatiedatum: 23-03-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9843-z

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2017

Attitudes Towards Internet Interventions Among Psychotherapists and Individuals with Mild to Moderate Depression Symptoms

Positive and Negative Affective Forecasting in Remitted Individuals with Bipolar I Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder, and Healthy Controls

Are Depressed People More or Less Susceptible to Informational Social Influence?

The Effects of Manipulating Worry and Happiness on the Experience of Acute Pain and Worry about Pain

How dysfunctional are Dysfunctional Attitudes? A Threshold Model of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Subjective Social Status and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Disorders among Low Income Latinos in Primary Care: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation