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19-10-2021 | Empirical Research

Ethnic-Racial Socialization, Ethnic-Racial Identity, and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adolescents in the United States and China

Auteurs: Yishan Shen, Hyunkyung Lee, Yoonsun Choi, Yueqin Hu, Kihyun Kim

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 2/2022

Abstract

The United States and China are top two receiving countries of Korean immigrants in modern history. Minority families in ethnically-racially diverse societies, such as the US and China, use various ethnic-racial socialization practices (cultural socialization, promotion of mistrust, preparation for bias) to help their children navigate the world, yet research in non-U.S. contexts is scarce. To examine the specificity versus generalizability of ethnic-racial socialization and its implications, this study compared the prevalence of ethnic-racial socialization reported by Korean American (n = 408; M_age = 14.76, SD = 1.91; 48.30% female) and Korean Chinese (n = 267; M_age = 15.24, SD = 1.66; 58.90% female) youth. Moreover, this study examined how various ethnic-racial socialization practices relate to the youth’s ethnic-racial identity, and subsequently, depressive symptoms. Although Korean American youth reported more frequent ethnic-racial socialization compared to their Korean Chinese counterparts, cultural socialization (but not preparation for bias nor promotion of mistrust) had a comparable negative indirect association with depressive symptoms via ethnic-racial identity across both groups. Thus, although the rates of parental ethnic-racial socialization are context-specific, parental cultural socialization may be similarly beneficial for Korean ethnic-racial minority youth’s identity development, and in turn, psychological outcomes, whether in a Western individualistic society or an Eastern collectivistic society.

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Information on youth’s birth place was not collected, but nativity was implied from youth’s self-identification as “Korean Chinese,” a term used to specifically refer to native-born ethnic minority Koreans in China.

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Titel: Ethnic-Racial Socialization, Ethnic-Racial Identity, and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adolescents in the United States and China
Auteurs: Yishan Shen
Hyunkyung Lee
Yoonsun Choi
Yueqin Hu
Kihyun Kim
Publicatiedatum: 19-10-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01523-y

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