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20-01-2022 | Empirical Research

Multidimensional Impulsive Personality Traits Mediate the Effect of Parent Substance Use Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Use

Auteurs: Jack T. Waddell, Kit K. Elam, Laurie Chassin

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 2/2022

Abstract

Theory suggests that behavioral undercontrol mediates the effect of parental substance disorder on offspring substance use, but no studies have tested multidimensional impulsive personality traits as mechanisms of risk. Adolescents (N = 392; 48% female) from a multigenerational study of familial alcohol disorder self-reported impulsive personality traits via the UPPS-P (M_age = 16.09; Range = 13–19) and alcohol/cannabis frequency one year later. The UPPS-P assesses negative and positive urgency (i.e., rash action in a negative or positive mood state), lack of premeditation (i.e., lack of planning/forethought), lack of perseverance (i.e., inability to finish tedious/boring tasks), and sensation seeking (i.e., thrill seeking/risk taking). Parent substance disorder was assessed via diagnostic interviews. Two-part hurdle models tested predictors of any substance use (i.e., binary part) and frequency of use (i.e., continuous part). Parent substance disorder was indirectly associated with any alcohol/cannabis use (binary part) and higher cannabis frequency (continuous part) through negative urgency. Parental substance disorder was associated with higher alcohol frequency through a lack of premeditation. Sensation seeking was associated with any alcohol/cannabis use but unrelated to parental substance disorder. Despite indirect effects, strong effects of parental substance disorder on substance use remained. The findings are discussed in terms of theory and public health implications.

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Theoretical (e.g., Cyders & Smith, 2016) and empirical (e.g., Waddell, Corbin, & Leeman, 2021) studies suggest unique prediction of substance use outcomes by both positive and negative urgency, which guided us to include both in the same model. However, models were also estimated with positive and negative urgency in separate models due to their high correlation. The direction of effects for each urgency facet was unchanged, however significant effects of negative and positive urgency in the cannabis model became nonsignificant when not accounting for the other urgency facet. Thus, when accounting for only one urgency facet and not the other, specificity of risk vs. protective urgency effects was lowered. Therefore, analyses were retained that included both in the same model.

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Titel: Multidimensional Impulsive Personality Traits Mediate the Effect of Parent Substance Use Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Use
Auteurs: Jack T. Waddell
Kit K. Elam
Laurie Chassin
Publicatiedatum: 20-01-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01556-3

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