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2023 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

11. Effecten van krachttraining

Auteurs : Larry W. Kenney, Jack H. Wilmore, David L. Costill, Ramón Lindauer

Gepubliceerd in: Inspannings- en sportfysiologie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Introductie

Toen hij op 13 september 2013 op 84-jarige leeftijd overleed, hadden heel weinig sportfans ooit gehoord van Jim Bradford. Bradford, een Afro-Amerikaan, bracht een groot deel van zijn leven stilletjes werkend door achter de schermen van de Library of Congres in Washington, als onderzoeker en boekbinder. Maar op de Olympische Spelen van 1952 in Helsinki en opnieuw op de Spelen van 1960 in Rome won Bradford wel zilveren medailles bij het gewichtheffen in de zwaargewichtsklasse. Desondanks was hij in die periode nauwelijks bekend in zijn eigen stad Washington, laat staan landelijk. Hoewel dit moeilijk voor te stellen is in de huidige wereld van de professionele sport, moest Bradford onbetaald verlof nemen op zijn werk om aan de Olympische Spelen mee te kunnen doen. ‘Ik kwam terug en ging weer aan het werk. Dat was het.’2
Zoals hij het zelf omschreef, was Bradford op de middelbare school ‘een vetzak’, toen hij begon met trainen met gewichten na het lezen van inspirerende verhalen in een tijdschrift over krachttraining. Hij begon met een set dumbbells thuis in zijn slaapkamer op de tweede verdieping. Op verzoek van zijn ouders verplaatste hij zijn trainingen later naar een nabijgelegen YMCA. Daar ontwikkelde hij een unieke stijl van gewichtheffen, hij hield zijn benen bij elkaar en boog zijn rug pas als hij de halter boven zijn hoofd tilde. Hij deed dit omdat hij bang was om het gewicht te laten vallen, de vloer te beschadigen en vervolgens uit de trainingszaal te worden gezet!2
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Woordenlijst
Kritisch vermogen
Het maximale uitwendige vermogen dat kan worden volgehouden, in ieder geval theoretisch, zonder dat vermoeidheid de prestaties gaat beperken.
Hyperthermie
Verhoogde lichaamstemperatuur, elke temperatuur boven de gemiddelde normale lichaamstemperatuur in rust van een persoon.
Atrofie
Verlies van omvang, massa en weefsel, zoals bij spieratrofie bij onderbelasting.
Autogene inhibitie
Reflexmatige inhibitie van een motor-neuron in reactie op overmatige spanning in de bijbehorende spiervezels, wat wordt waargenomen door de Golgi-pees-orgaantjes.
Schijnhypertrofie
Als direct gevolg van maar één uitputtende krachttraining kunnen spieren er ‘opgepompt’ gaan uitzien. Dit is tijdelijk en voornamelijk het gevolg van ophoping van vloeistof in de interstitiële en intracellulaire ruimtes in de spier.
Chronische hypertrofie
Een toename in spieromvang als gevolg van een langere periode van regelmatige krachttraining.
Hypertrofie (van vezels)
Een toename in de omvang of massa van spiervezels of van een orgaan of weefsel.
Hyperplasie (van vezels)
Een toename in het aantal spiervezels of in het aantal cellen in een weefsel of orgaan.
Akt
Ook bekend als proteïnekinase B. Akt is een belangrijk signaaleiwit met een sleutelrol in meerdere cellulaire processen, inclusief het glucosemetabolisme, cel-proliferatie en -migratie, en bij transcriptie.
mTor
Enzym dat de snelheid van eiwitsynthese in de myofibrillen reguleert na krachttraining.
Sarcopenie
Het verlies van spiermassa door veroudering.
Tijdelijke hypertrofie
Als direct gevolg van maar één uitputtende krachttraining kunnen spieren er ‘opgepompt’ gaan uitzien. Dit is tijdelijk en voornamelijk het gevolg van ophoping van vloeistof in de interstitiële en intracellulaire ruimtes in de spier.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Effecten van krachttraining
Auteurs
Larry W. Kenney
Jack H. Wilmore
David L. Costill
Ramón Lindauer
Copyright
2023
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2921-2_11