Top

Gepubliceerd in:

02-05-2019 | Original Paper

Differences in Chilean and USA Mothers’ Sensitivity Considering Child Gender and Temperament

Auteurs: Valeska Woldarsky, Consuelo Urzúa, Chamarrita Farkas, Claire D. Vallotton

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 7/2019

Abstract

Objectives

Maternal sensitivity is the ability to perceive, interpret, and respond appropriately and contingently to infant cues. The impact of maternal sensitivity on child outcomes has been widely documented in the literature. Maternal sensitivity is a dyadic construct influenced by various adult and child factors. The study aimed to analyze maternal sensitivity between mothers from Chile and the USA when their children were 12 months of age, and to examine whether maternal sensitivity differs based on infant temperament and gender as well as the country of origin.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed the relationship between maternal sensitivity and child temperament and gender in 147 dyads from two countries: Chile and the United States of America (USA). The dyads were evaluated when children were 12 months of age using the Adult Sensitivity Scale (ESA) and Rothbart’s Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form (IBQ-R-VSF).

Results

Compared with Chilean mothers, USA mothers scored higher on total sensitivity, responsiveness, playful encouragement, and warm attunement. Mothers were more sensitive to their daughters than to their sons, and no correlations between maternal sensitivity and child temperament were observed.

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that maternal sensitivity is influenced by contextual aspects as well as child characteristics, particularly gender. These results have to be taken into account for the future development of early intervention programs, including the diversity and specificity of each context and dyad.

vorige artikel The Benefits of Family-Centered Care for Parental Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-being in Parents of Children with Cancer

volgende artikel Psychiatric History in the Family Members of Adults Born at Extremely Low Birth Weight

Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.

Bornstein, M., Hendricks, C., Haynes, O. M., & Painter, K. (2007). Maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness: associations with social context, maternal characteristics, and child characteristics in a multivariate analysis. Infancy, 12(2), 189–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00240.x.CrossRef

Chaudhuri, J., Easterbrooks, M., & Davis, C. (2009). The relation between emotional availability and parenting style: cultural and economic factors in a diverse sample of young mothers. Parenting: Science and Practice, 9, 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190902844613.CrossRef

Crittenden, P. (2005). Using the CARE-Index for screening, intervention and research. Miami: Family Relations Institute.

Crittenden, P. (2006). A dynamic maturational model of attachment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 27(2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1467-8438.2006.tb00704.x.CrossRef

De Tychey, C., Briançon, S., Lighezzolo, J., Spitz, E., Kabuth, B., De Luigi, V., & Vincent, S. (2008). Quality of life, postnatal depression and baby gender. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(3), 312–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01911.x.CrossRefPubMed

Demers, I., Bernier, A., Tarabulsy, G., & Provost, M. (2010). Mind-mindedness in adult and adolescent mothers: relations to maternal sensitivity and infant attachment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34, 529–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025410365802.CrossRef

Doesum, K., Hosman, C., Riksen-Walraven, M., & Hoefnagles, C. (2007). Correlates of depressed mothers’ sensitivity toward their infants: the role of maternal, child, and contextual characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(6), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318040b272.CrossRef

Emmen, R. A. G., Malda, M., Mesman, J., Ekmekci, H., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012). Sensitive parenting as a cross-cultural ideal: sensitivity beliefs of Dutch, Moroccan, and Turkish mothers in the Netherlands. Attachment & Human Development, 14(6), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2012.727258.CrossRef

Farkas, C., Carvacho, C., Galleguillos, F., Montoya, F., León, F., Santelices, M. P., & Himmel, E. (2015). Estudio comparativo de la sensibilidad entre madres y personal educativo en interacción con niños y niñas de un año de edad [Comparative study of the sensitivity among mothers and teachers in interaction with one-year-old children]. Perfiles Educativos, 37(148), 16–33.CrossRef

Fagan, J., & Iglesias, A. (1999). Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their head start children: a quasi-experimental study. Early Childhood Research Quartely, 14(2), 243–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(99)00008-3.CrossRef

Feldman, R. (2003). Infant-mother and infant father synchrony: the coregulation of positive arousal. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10041.CrossRef

Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Burchinal, M. (2006). Mother and caregiver sensitivity over time: predicting language and academic outcomes with variable- and person-centered approaches. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52(3), 449–485. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2006.0027.CrossRef

Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind.Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.

Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Jin, M. K., Jacobvitz, D., Hazen, N., & Jung, S. H. (2012). Maternal sensitivity and infant attachment security in Korea: cross-cultural validation of the strange situation. Attachment & Human Development, 14(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2012.636656.CrossRef

Keller, H. (2007). Cultures of infancy. Mahwah: Erlbaum.

Keller, H., Yovsi, R. D., Borke, J., Kärtner, J., Jensen, H., & Papaligoura, Z. (2004). Developmental consequences of early parenting experiences: self-regulation and self-recognition in three cultural communities. Child Development, 75(6), 1475–1760. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00814.x.CrossRef

Keller, H., Voelker, S., & Yovsi, R. D. (2005). Conceptions of parenting in different cultural communities: the case of West African Nso and Northern German women. Social Development, 14(1), 158–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2005.00295.x.CrossRef

Kemppinen, K., Kumpulainen, K., Raita-Hasu, J., Moilanen, I., & Ebeling, H. (2006). The continuity of maternal sensitivity from infancy to toddler age. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 24(3), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646830600821249.CrossRef

Kermani, H., & Brenner, M. E. (2000). Maternal scaffolding in the child’s zone of proximal development across tasks: cross-cultural perspectives. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 15(1), 30–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540009594774.CrossRef

Kivijärvi, M., Räihä, H., Kaljonen, A., Tamminen, T., & Piha, J. (2005). Infant temperament and maternal sensitivity behavior in the first year of life. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 46(5), 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2005.00473.x.CrossRefPubMed

Liang, X., Wang, Z. Y., Liu, H. Y., Lin, Q., Wang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2013). Adult attachment status predicts the developmental trajectory of maternal sensitivity in new motherhood among Chinese mothers. Midwifery, 31(1), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.05.011.CrossRef

Marrone, M. (2001). La teoría del apego [The attachment theory]. Madrid: Psimática.

Marshall, T. C. (2016). Cultural differences in intimacy: the influence of gender-role ideology and individualism–collectivism. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(1), 143–168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507086810.CrossRef

McMeekin, S., Jansen, E., Mallan, K., Nicholson, J., Magarey, A., & Daniels, L. (2013). Associations between infant temperament and early feeding practices. A cross-sectional study of Australian mother-infant dyads from the nourish randomised controlled trial. Appetite, 60(1), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.005.CrossRefPubMed

Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2012). Unequal in opportunity, equal in process: parental sensitivity promotes positive child development in ethnic minority families. Child Development Perspectives, 6(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00223.x.

Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M., Behrens, K., Carbonell, O. A., Cárcamo, R., Cohen-Paraira, I., & Kondo-Ikemura, K. (2016). Is the ideal mother a sensitive mother? Beliefs about early childhood parenting in mothers across the globe. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40(5), 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415594030.CrossRef

Mizuta, I., Zahn-Waxler, C., Cole, P. M., & Hiruma, N. (1996). A cross-cultural study of preschoolers’ attachment: security and sensitivity in Japanese and US dyads. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19(1), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900111.CrossRef

Money, J. (1973). Gender role, gender identity, core gender identity: Usage and definition of terms. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 1(4), 397–402. https://doi.org/10.1521/jaap.1.1973.1.4.397.CrossRef

Olhaberry, M. (2011). Interacciones tempranas madre-infante en familias monoparentales de bajos ingresos: atención de salas cuna en Chile y diferencias culturales en díadas chilenas y alemanas [Early infant-mother interactions in low-income single-parent families: care of nursery wards in Chile and cultural differences in Chilean and German dyads]. In L. Moreno, P. Saball, M. Rosenblüth, C. Littin & I. Padópulos (Eds), Tesis País 2011. Piensa en un país sin pobreza (pp. 148–183). http://www.superacionpobreza.cl/quehacemos/propuestas-pais/.

Olhaberry, M., Escobar, M., Morales, I., Cierpka, M., Frey, B., Eickhorst, A., & Sidor, A. (2015). Díadas madre adolescente-bebé chilenas y alemanas institucionalizadas: Estudio comparativo sobre depresión, calidad vincular, desarrollo infantil y variables culturales [Chilean-German institutionalized adolescent mother-baby dyads: Comparative study on depression, bonding quality, child development and cultural variables]. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 24, 79–92.

Pelchat, D., Bisson, J., Bois, C., & Saucier, J. F. (2003). The effects of early relational antecedents and other factors on the parental sensitivity of mothers and fathers. Infant and Child Development, 12(1), 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.335.CrossRef

Pierrehumbert, B., Santelices, M. P., Ibáñez, M., Ongari, B., Stievenart, M., Spencer, R., & Borghini, A. (2009). Gender and attachment representations in the preschool years: comparisons between five countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(4), 543–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022109335181.CrossRef

Putnam, S. P., Helbig, A. L., Gartstein, M. A., Rothbart, M. K., & Leerkes, E. (2014). Development and assessment of short and very short forms of the infant behavior questionnaire-revised. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.841171.CrossRefPubMed

Rothbart, M. K. & Bates, J. E. (2006). Temperament. In W. Damon, R. Lerner & N. Eisenberg (Eds), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th edn, pp. 99–166). New York: Wiley.

Rothbart, M. K., & Derryberry, D. (1981). Development of individual differences in temperament. In M. E. Lamb & A. L. Brown (Eds), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 37–86). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

Santelices, M. P., Carvacho, C., Farkas, C., León, F., Galleguillos, F., & Himmel, E. (2012). Medición de la sensibilidad del adulto con niños de 6 a 36 meses de edad: construcción y análisis preliminares de la Escala de Sensibilidad del Adulto, E.S.A. [adult sensitivity measurement with children 6 to 36 months old: Construction and Preliminary Analysis of the Adult Sensitivity Scale, E.S.A.]. Terapia Psicológica, 30(3), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082012000300003.CrossRef

Santelices, M. P., Farkas, C., Montoya, M. F., Galleguillos, F., Carvacho, C., Morales, L., & Himmel, E. (2015). Factores predictivos de sensibilidad materna en infancia temprana [Predictive factors of maternal sensitivity in early childhood]. Psicoperspectivas: Individuo y Sociedad, 14(1), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol14-Issue1-fulltext-441.CrossRef

Schoppe-Sullivan, S., Diener, M., Mangelsdorf, S., Brown, G., McHale, J., & Frosh, C. (2006). Attachment and sensitivity in 905family context: the roles of parent and infant gender. Infant and Child Development, 15, 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.449.CrossRef

Shin, H., Young-Joo, P., Hosihn, R., & Gyeong-Ae, S. (2008). Maternal sensitivity: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64(3), 304–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04814.x.CrossRefPubMed

Symons, D., & Clark S. (2000). A longitudinal study of mother-child relationships and theory of mind in the preschool period. Social Development, 9(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00108.

Tenorio De Aguiar, S., Santelices, M. P., & Carola Pérez, J. (2009). Apego, sensibilidad paterna y patrón de interacción del padre con su primer bebé [Attachment, paternal sensitivity and interaction pattern of the father with his first baby]. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 18(1), 51–58.

Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism-collectivism and personality. Journal of Personality, 69(6), 907–924. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.696169.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Differences in Chilean and USA Mothers’ Sensitivity Considering Child Gender and Temperament
Auteurs: Valeska Woldarsky
Consuelo Urzúa
Chamarrita Farkas
Claire D. Vallotton
Publicatiedatum: 02-05-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 7/2019
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01419-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2019

A Parent-focused Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program: Development, Acceptability, and Feasibility

Original Paper

Do Mindfulness-Based Interventions Increase Empathy and Compassion in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Review Paper

Interparental and Parent–Child Conflict Predicting Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

Original Paper

The Relationship Between Parenting Styles Practiced By Grandparents And Children’s Emotional And Behavioral Problems

Original Paper

Coping in Parents of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis

Open Access
Original Paper

Positivity and Negativity in Interparental Conflict: Links with Children’s Evaluations and Appraisals

Original Paper