Introduction
Materials and methods
Eligibility criteria
Part A: initial development and creation of the initial tool
Clinical project
Part B: pilot study—domain and item revision, modification of initial tool
Part C: validation study—construct validity, reliability and acceptability
Data analysis
- Severity the sum of ordinal responses
- Prevalence the percentage of participants answering one or more item with ordinal values 3 or 4. (i.e. “Very bothered”, “Extremely bothered”, “Dissatisfied”—strongest negative impacts)
- Extent the number of items per subject answered with ordinal values 3 or 4
Results
Part B: pilot study (n = 18) | Part C: validation study (n = 45) | |
---|---|---|
Mean age (SD) (years) | 55.1 (10.6) | 55.8 (17.44) |
Gender (n (%)) | ||
Women | 10 (55.6) | 15 (33.3) |
Men | 8 (44.4) | 30 (66.7) |
Ethnicity (n (%)) | ||
White British | 15 (83.3) | 27 (60) |
White and Black African | 2 (4.4) | |
Asian and Asian British | 2 (4.4) | |
Other White | 3 (16.7) | 10 (22.2) |
White and Black Caribbean | 1 (2.2) | |
Black and Black British | 3 (6.7) | |
Level of care (n (%)) | ||
2 | 13 (72.2) | 32 (71.1) |
3 | 5 (27.8) | 13 (28.9) |
Mean APACHE2 score (SD) | 21.6 (10.2) | 19.56 (6.72) |
Median length of CCU stay | 4.5 | 5 |
Minimum length of CCU stay | 2 | 2 |
Maximum length of CCU stay | 42 | 155 |
Part A
Face and content validity
Part B
Content validity
Acceptability
Modification of the initial pool of domains and items
Part C
Construct validity
Reliability
Acceptability
Exploratory factor analysis
Component | Initial eigenvalues | Extraction sums of squared loadings | Rotation sums of squared loadings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % Of variance | Cumulative (%) | Total | % Of variance | Cumulative (%) | Total | % Of variance | Cumulative (%) | |
1 | 5.457 | 36.378 | 36.378 | 5.457 | 36.378 | 36.378 | 3.370 | 22.464 | 22.464 |
2 | 1.783 | 11.885 | 48.263 | 1.783 | 11.885 | 48.263 | 2.922 | 19.477 | 41.941 |
3 | 1.452 | 9.679 | 57.943 | 1.452 | 9.679 | 57.943 | 1.905 | 12.699 | 54.640 |
4 | 1.279 | 8.530 | 66.472 | 1.279 | 8.530 | 66.472 | 1.589 | 10.594 | 65.234 |
5 | 1.136 | 7.571 | 74.043 | 1.136 | 7.571 | 74.043 | 1.321 | 8.809 | 74.043 |
Components: 1 functional limitations, 2 psychosocial impact, 3 xerostomia, 5 self-care | Component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Satisfaction with oral health 3. How dissatisfied or satisfied have you been with the health of your teeth or mouth? Functional limitation | 0.787 | ||||
4. How bothered have you been by having trouble biting or chewing any kinds of food? | 0.832 | ||||
5. How bothered have you been by your teeth or dentures preventing you from speaking the way you want? | 0.725 | ||||
6. How difficult did you find it to swallow comfortably? | 0.671 | ||||
7. How much have you felt that your sense of taste has worsened because of problems with your mouth, teeth, gums or dentures? | 0.822 | ||||
8. How happy were you with your ability to taste your food? Oral symptoms | 0.813 | ||||
9. How bothered were you by pain in your mouth, teeth or gums? | 0.805 | ||||
10. How bothered have you been by having to seek help from your nurse or visitors to relieve pain or discomfort from your mouth, teeth or gums? | 0.865 | ||||
11. How satisfied were you with how moist your mouth feels? | 0.899 | ||||
12. How bothered have you been about dryness of your mouth? | 0.729 | ||||
13. How bothered have you been by having bad breath? Social impact | |||||
14. How much has the condition of your mouth affected your contacts with members of the hospital staff or visitors (i.e. family and friends)? Self-care | 0.582 | ||||
15. How difficult was for you or the hospital staff to be able to brush your teeth properly because of problems with your mouth, teeth or gums? | 0.488* | ||||
16. How satisfied were you with how frequently you were able to brush your teeth compared to your home routine? Psychological impact | 0.891 | ||||
17. How anxious or self-conscious did you feel because of problems with your mouth, teeth, gums or dentures? | 0.683 |
Patient-reported outcome measures
Question/item | Not at all n (%) | A little n (%) | Somewhat n (%) | A fair amount n (%) | A great deal n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
To what extent have you been bothered by these problems in your mouth? | 12 (26.7) | 15 (33.3) | 10 (22.2) | 6 (13.3) | 2 (4.4) |
To what extent have these problems in your mouth affected your life overall? | 19 (42.2) | 14 (31.1) | 7 (15.6) | 3 (6.7) | 2 (4.4) |
To what extent have these problems affected the quality of your life? | 22 (48.9) | 9 (20) | 8 (17.8) | 4 (8.9) | 2 (4.4) |
Very poor n (%) | Poor n (%) | Fair n (%) | Good n (%) | Very good n (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
How would you rate the quality of your life? | 2 (4.4) | 6 (13.3) | 8 (17.8) | 17 (37.8) | 12 (26.7) |