Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

30-05-2023

Development and Validation of a New Measure of Fear of Negative and Positive Evaluation

Auteurs: Gillian A. Wilson, Stephanie E. Cassin, Martin M. Antony

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 4/2023

Abstract

There is recent evidence that individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) fear both negative and positive evaluation (e.g., Weeks, Heimberg, & Rodebaugh, 2008; Weeks & Howell, 2012). However, the existing literature has limitations and unanswered questions regarding the measurement of fear of positive evaluation (FPE). The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a measure of social anxiety, FPE, and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) called the Fear of Evaluation Scale (FES) that clearly differentiates between FPE and FNE. The FES demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. Additionally, a bifactor model consisting of one general fear of evaluation factor with two specific factors for FNE and FPE provided better fit to the data compared to a two-factor model in which the FNE and FPE items loaded onto two separate factors and a one-factor model in which the FNE and FPE items loaded onto one factor. Further, individuals with high social anxiety reported significantly higher FNE than FPE on the FES, and scored significantly higher than individuals with low social anxiety on the FES. Limitations and implications of these findings, and future research directions are discussed.

vorige artikel Measuring Stress Among Black Adolescents: Validation of Perceived Stress Scale

volgende artikel Attentional Risk Factors for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Synthesis of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

Individuals from student and community populations were recruited at the same time. It was expected that approximately half of the final sample would be recruited from the student population and the other half would be recruited from the community. However, the majority of participants ended up being recruited from the student population.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). American Psychiatric Publishing.CrossRef

Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176CrossRef

Antony, M. M., Coons, M. J., McCabe, R. E., Ashbaugh, A., & Swinson, R. P. (2006). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory: Further evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(8), 1177–1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.08.013CrossRefPubMed

Antony, M. M., Roth, D., Swinson, R., Huta, V., & Devins, G. M. (1998). Illness intrusiveness in individuals with panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or social phobia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186(5), 311–315. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199805000-00008CrossRefPubMed

Barber, K. C., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2016). Reactions to prospective positive vs. negative evaluation in the laboratory: A comparison of high and low socially anxious participants. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7(4), 619–631. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.055116

Clark, D. M. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia. In W. R. Crozier & L. E. Alden (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness (pp. 405–430). John Wiley & Sons.

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). Guilford Press.

Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R. T., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Foa, E., & Weisler, R. H. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.4.379CrossRef

Fergus, T. A., Valentiner, D. P., McGrath, P. B., Stephenson, K., Gier, S., & Jencius, S. (2009). The Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale: Psychometric properties in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(8), 1177–1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.024CrossRefPubMed

Field, A. (2009). Discovery statistics using SPSS (3rd ed). Sage Publications.

Fredrick, J. W., & Luebbe, A. M. (2020). Fear of positive evaluation and social anxiety: A systematic review of trait-based findings. Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.042CrossRefPubMed

Fresco, D. M., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., Leibowitz, M. R., Hami, S., Stein, M. B., & Goetz, D. (2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats. Psychological Medicine, 31(6), 1025–1035. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291701004056CrossRefPubMed

Gee, B. A., Antony, M. M., & Koerner, N. (2013). Disclosure of anxiety in everyday life: Effects of social anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3), 438–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.016CrossRef

Gilbert, P. (2001). Evolution and social anxiety: The role of attraction, social competition, and social hierarchies. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24(4), 723–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70260-4CrossRefPubMed

Gros, D. F., Simms, L. J., Antony, M. M., & McCabe, R. E. (2012). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Social Anxiety (MASA). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 432–447. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21838CrossRefPubMed

Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2010). A cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety disorder: Update and extension. In S. G. Hofmann & P. M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives, 2nd ed (pp. 395–422). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8CrossRef

Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2014). A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder. In S. G. Hofmann & P. M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives, 3rd ed (pp. 705–728). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394427-6.00024-8CrossRef

Heimberg, R. G., Horner, K. J., Juster, H. R., Safren, S. A., Brown, E. J., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Psychological Medicine, 29(1), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798007879CrossRefPubMed

Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behavior Therapy, 23(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80308-9CrossRef

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118CrossRef

Johnson, A. R., Bank, S. R, Summers, M., Hyett, M. P., Erceg-Hurn, D. M., Kyron, M. J., & McEvoy, P. M. (2020). A longitudinal assessment of the bivalent fear of evaluation model with social interaction anxiety in social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23099

Kessler, R. C. (2003). The impairments caused by social phobia in the general population: Implications for intervention. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108(Suppl 417), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s417.2.xCrossRef

Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2012). Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21(3), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1359CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.

Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(3), 371–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167283093007CrossRef

Lenton-Brym, A. P., Rogojanski, J., Hood, H. K., Vorstenbosch, V., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2020). Development and validation of the Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales (RSAS). Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 33(6), 642–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1771137CrossRefPubMed

Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141–173. https://doi.org/10.1159/000414022CrossRefPubMed

Lipton, M. F., Augenstein, T. M., Weeks, J. W., & De Los Reyes, A. (2014). A multi-informant approach to assessing fear of positive evaluation in socially anxious adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(7), 1247–1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9785-3CrossRef

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-UCrossRefPubMed

MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130CrossRef

Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10031-6CrossRefPubMed

Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6CrossRefPubMed

Newman, M. G., Zuellig, A. R., Kachin, K. E., Constantino, M. J., Przeworski, A., Erickson, T., & Cashman-McGrath, L. (2002). Preliminary reliability and validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV: A revised self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 33(2), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(02)80026-0CrossRef

Nichols, A. L., & Maner, J. K. (2008). The good-subject effect: Investigating participant demand characteristics. Journal of General Psychology, 135(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.3200/GENP.135.2.151-166CrossRefPubMed

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1967). Psychometric theory (vol. 226). McGraw-Hill.

Osman, A., Wong, J. L., Bagge, C. L., Freedenthal, S., Gutierrez, P. M., & Lozano, G. (2012). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21): Further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, and correlates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(12), 1322–1338. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21908CrossRefPubMed

Osório, F. L., Crippa, J. A. S., & Loureiro, S. R. (2010). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory in university students. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(6), 630–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.03.004CrossRefPubMed

Page, A. C., Hooke, G. R., & Morrison, D. L. (2007). Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in depressed clinical samples. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(3), 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466506X158996CrossRefPubMed

Reichenberger, J., & Blechert, J. (2018). Malaise with praise: A narrative review of 10 years of research on the concept of fear of positive evaluation in social anxiety. Depression and Anxiety, 35(12), 1228–1238. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22808CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Robinson, C. M., Klenck, S. C., & Norton, P. J. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire for DSM-IV among four racial groups. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(4), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2010.486841CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rodebaugh, T. L., Weeks, J. W., Gordon, E. A., Langer, J. K., & Heimberg, R. G. (2012). The longitudinal relationship between fear of positive evaluation and fear of negative evaluation. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 25(2), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2011.569709CrossRefPubMed

Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). The reverse of social anxiety is not always the opposite: The reverse-scored items of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale do not belong. Behavior Therapy, 38(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.001CrossRef

Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Thissen, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Chambless, D. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: The factor structure and item properties of the original and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.16.2.169CrossRefPubMed

Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02CrossRef

Ruscio, A. M., Brown, T. A., Chiu, W. T., Sareen, J., Stein, M. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Social fears and social phobia in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707001699CrossRefPubMed

Stein, M. B., & Kean, Y. M. (2000). Disability and quality of life in social phobia: Epidemiologic findings. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(10), 1606–1613. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1606CrossRefPubMed

Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17(2), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.2.179CrossRefPubMed

Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2008). The Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale: Assessing a proposed cognitive component of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.08.002CrossRefPubMed

Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Rodebaugh, T. L., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Psychometric evaluation of the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 24(2), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025723CrossRefPubMed

Weeks, J. W., & Howell, A. N. (2012). The bivalent fear of evaluation model of social anxiety: Further integrating findings on fears of positive and negative evaluation. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2012.661452CrossRefPubMed

Weeks, J. W., Howell, A. N., & Goldin, P. R. (2013). Gaze avoidance in social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 30(8), 749–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22146CrossRefPubMed

Wilson, G. A., Malivoire, B. L., Cassin, S. E., & Antony, M. M. (2022). A mixed methods investigation of reasons underlying fear of positive evaluation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2818

Titel: Development and Validation of a New Measure of Fear of Negative and Positive Evaluation
Auteurs: Gillian A. Wilson
Stephanie E. Cassin
Martin M. Antony
Publicatiedatum: 30-05-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-023-10041-z

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2023

Examining the Schizophrenia-Spectrum Specificity of Measures of Schizotypy

Ready or Not: Predictors of Mother and Father Readiness for Change in a Clinical Sample

Internal Linkages among Depressive, Anxiety, and Acute Stress Symptoms in 2021 Henan Floods Victims during the Disaster: A Network Approach

Positive Affect Dampening Prospectively Predicts Changes in Chronic Life Stress, but Not Episodic Stress Generation Among Adolescents

Measuring Stress Among Black Adolescents: Validation of Perceived Stress Scale

Attentional Risk Factors for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Synthesis of the Literature and Meta-Analysis