Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

22-01-2022 | Original Article

Children's Resilience to Ongoing Border Attacks: The Role of Father, Mother, and Child Resources

Auteurs: Michal Al-Yagon, Lior Garbi, Yisrael Rich

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 4/2023

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

To understand children's resilience to ongoing violent border attacks (low PTSD symptoms and internalizing/externalizing behavior problems, and high sense of coherence—SOC), this study examined a multidimensional model of protective resources. This model comprised factors at the family level (fathers’/mothers’ coping strategies and SOC) and at the individual level (children's coping strategies and attachments with father/mother). Participants were 251 Israeli father-mother–child triads living near the border with Gaza (children ages 9–12 years). Preliminary analyses indicated children’s prevalence of clinical PTSD was 6%. SEM analyses revealed the theoretical model’s high fit with empirical data, χ2(1) = .00, p = .99, CFI = 1, TLI = 1, SRMR = .00, RMSEA = .00 [90% CI (.00, .00)]. More significant paths emerged between fathers’ coping resources and children’s resilience measures than for mothers’ coping resources. Results also pinpointed the significant role of children’s parental attachments and coping strategies. Discussion focused on the unique value of father, mother, and child risk/protective factors for explaining well-adjusted functioning among children living in conflict areas.
Literatuur
2.
go back to reference Narayan AJ, Masten AS (2018) Resilience in the context of violence and trauma: promotive and protective processes of positive caregiving. In: Osofsky JD, Groves BM (eds) Violence and trauma in the lives of children: prevention and intervention. Praeger/ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, pp 25–49 Narayan AJ, Masten AS (2018) Resilience in the context of violence and trauma: promotive and protective processes of positive caregiving. In: Osofsky JD, Groves BM (eds) Violence and trauma in the lives of children: prevention and intervention. Praeger/ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, pp 25–49
3.
go back to reference Cardeli E, Abdi S, Ellis BH (2018) The psychosocial impact of war on children and families. In: Osofsky JD, Groves BM (eds) Violence and trauma in the lives of children: prevention and intervention. Praeger/ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, pp 189–210 Cardeli E, Abdi S, Ellis BH (2018) The psychosocial impact of war on children and families. In: Osofsky JD, Groves BM (eds) Violence and trauma in the lives of children: prevention and intervention. Praeger/ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, pp 189–210
4.
go back to reference Pat-Horenczyk R, Cohen S, Ziv Y, Achituv M, Asulin-Peretz L, Blanchard TR et al (2015) Emotion regulation in mothers and young children faced with trauma. Infant Ment Health J 36:337–348PubMedCrossRef Pat-Horenczyk R, Cohen S, Ziv Y, Achituv M, Asulin-Peretz L, Blanchard TR et al (2015) Emotion regulation in mothers and young children faced with trauma. Infant Ment Health J 36:337–348PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Tangir G, Dekel R, Lavi T, Gewirtz AH, Zamir O (2017) The contribution of maternal care and control, and community type to children’s adjustment to political violence. Psychol Trauma 9:122–129PubMedCrossRef Tangir G, Dekel R, Lavi T, Gewirtz AH, Zamir O (2017) The contribution of maternal care and control, and community type to children’s adjustment to political violence. Psychol Trauma 9:122–129PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Masten AS (2011) Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy. Dev Psychopathol 23:493–506PubMedCrossRef Masten AS (2011) Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy. Dev Psychopathol 23:493–506PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Masten AS, Cicchetti D (2016) Resilience in development: progress and transformation. In: Cicchetti D (ed) Developmental psychopathology, vol 4, 3rd edn. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 271–333 Masten AS, Cicchetti D (2016) Resilience in development: progress and transformation. In: Cicchetti D (ed) Developmental psychopathology, vol 4, 3rd edn. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 271–333
10.
go back to reference Masten AS, Narayan AJ (2012) Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: pathways of risk and resilience. Annu Rev Psychol 63:227–257PubMedCrossRef Masten AS, Narayan AJ (2012) Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: pathways of risk and resilience. Annu Rev Psychol 63:227–257PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Masten AS, Palmer A (2019) Parenting to promote resilience in children. In: Bornstein MH (ed) Handbook of parenting: vol. 5. the practice of parenting, 3rd edn. Routledge, London, pp 156–188CrossRef Masten AS, Palmer A (2019) Parenting to promote resilience in children. In: Bornstein MH (ed) Handbook of parenting: vol. 5. the practice of parenting, 3rd edn. Routledge, London, pp 156–188CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Williamson V, Hiller RM, Meiser-Stedman R, Creswell C, Dalgleish T, Fearon P et al (2018) The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and validation. Eur J Psychotraumatol 9:1–12CrossRef Williamson V, Hiller RM, Meiser-Stedman R, Creswell C, Dalgleish T, Fearon P et al (2018) The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and validation. Eur J Psychotraumatol 9:1–12CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Hiller RM, Meiser-Stedman R, Lobo S, Creswell C, Fearon P, Ehlers A et al (2018) A longitudinal investigation of the role of parental responses in predicting children’s post-traumatic distress. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 59:781–789PubMedCrossRef Hiller RM, Meiser-Stedman R, Lobo S, Creswell C, Fearon P, Ehlers A et al (2018) A longitudinal investigation of the role of parental responses in predicting children’s post-traumatic distress. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 59:781–789PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Chemtob CM, Nomura Y, Rajendran K, Yehuda R, Schwartz D, Abramovitz R (2010) Impact of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following exposure to the September 11 attacks on preschool children’s behavior. Child Dev 81:1129–1141PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chemtob CM, Nomura Y, Rajendran K, Yehuda R, Schwartz D, Abramovitz R (2010) Impact of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following exposure to the September 11 attacks on preschool children’s behavior. Child Dev 81:1129–1141PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Al-Yagon M (2010) Maternal emotional resources and socioemotional well-being of children with and without learning disabilities. Fam Relat 59:152–169CrossRef Al-Yagon M (2010) Maternal emotional resources and socioemotional well-being of children with and without learning disabilities. Fam Relat 59:152–169CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Belsky J, Barends N (2002) Personality and parenting. In: Bornstein MH (ed) Handbook of parenting: vol. 3. being and becoming a parent, 2nd edn. Erlbaum, New York, pp 415–438 Belsky J, Barends N (2002) Personality and parenting. In: Bornstein MH (ed) Handbook of parenting: vol. 3. being and becoming a parent, 2nd edn. Erlbaum, New York, pp 415–438
18.
go back to reference Antonovsky A (1987) Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco Antonovsky A (1987) Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
19.
go back to reference Antonovsky H, Sagy S (1986) The development of a sense of coherence and its impact on responses to stress situations. J Soc Psychol 126:213–227PubMed Antonovsky H, Sagy S (1986) The development of a sense of coherence and its impact on responses to stress situations. J Soc Psychol 126:213–227PubMed
20.
go back to reference Mittlemark MB, Sagy S, Eriksson M, Bauer JF, Pelikan JM, Lindstrom B, Espnes GA (2017) Handbook of salutogenesis: past, present and future. Springer, ChamCrossRef Mittlemark MB, Sagy S, Eriksson M, Bauer JF, Pelikan JM, Lindstrom B, Espnes GA (2017) Handbook of salutogenesis: past, present and future. Springer, ChamCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Veronese G, Pepe A, Alzaanin W, Shoman H (2020) Sources of functioning, symptoms of trauma and psychological distress: a cross-sectional study with Palestinian health workers operating in West Bank and Gaza Strip. Am J Orthopsychiatry 90:751–759PubMedCrossRef Veronese G, Pepe A, Alzaanin W, Shoman H (2020) Sources of functioning, symptoms of trauma and psychological distress: a cross-sectional study with Palestinian health workers operating in West Bank and Gaza Strip. Am J Orthopsychiatry 90:751–759PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Schäfer SK, Becker N, King L, Horsch A, Michael T (2019) The relationship between sense of coherence and post-traumatic stress: a meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 10:1–22CrossRef Schäfer SK, Becker N, King L, Horsch A, Michael T (2019) The relationship between sense of coherence and post-traumatic stress: a meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 10:1–22CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Mak WWS, Ho AHY, Law RW (2007) Sense of coherence, parenting attitudes and stress among mothers of children with autism in Hong Kong. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 20:157–167CrossRef Mak WWS, Ho AHY, Law RW (2007) Sense of coherence, parenting attitudes and stress among mothers of children with autism in Hong Kong. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 20:157–167CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Oelofsen N, Richardson P (2006) Sense of coherence and parenting stress in mothers and fathers of preschool children with developmental disability. J Intellect Dev Disabil 31:1–12PubMedCrossRef Oelofsen N, Richardson P (2006) Sense of coherence and parenting stress in mothers and fathers of preschool children with developmental disability. J Intellect Dev Disabil 31:1–12PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Al-Yagon M (2008) Maternal personal resources and children’s socioemotional and behavioral adjustment. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 30:283–298CrossRef Al-Yagon M (2008) Maternal personal resources and children’s socioemotional and behavioral adjustment. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 30:283–298CrossRef
26.
27.
go back to reference Lyons AM, Leon SC, Roecker CE, Dunleavy AM (2010) The impact of child symptom severity on stress among parents of children with ASD: the moderating role of coping style. J Child Fam Stud 19:516–524CrossRef Lyons AM, Leon SC, Roecker CE, Dunleavy AM (2010) The impact of child symptom severity on stress among parents of children with ASD: the moderating role of coping style. J Child Fam Stud 19:516–524CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Lazarus RS (2006) Emotions and interpersonal relationships: toward a person-centered conceptualization of emotions and coping. J Pers 74:9–46PubMedCrossRef Lazarus RS (2006) Emotions and interpersonal relationships: toward a person-centered conceptualization of emotions and coping. J Pers 74:9–46PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Abery BH (2006) Family adjustment and adaptation with children with Down syndrome. Focus Except Child 38:1–19 Abery BH (2006) Family adjustment and adaptation with children with Down syndrome. Focus Except Child 38:1–19
30.
go back to reference Al-Yagon M, Margalit M (2012) Parental coping, emotional resources, and children’s adjustment: theory, empirical evidence, and interventional implications. In: Molinelli B, Grimaldo V (eds) Handbook of the psychology of coping: new research. Nova, New York, pp 39–84 Al-Yagon M, Margalit M (2012) Parental coping, emotional resources, and children’s adjustment: theory, empirical evidence, and interventional implications. In: Molinelli B, Grimaldo V (eds) Handbook of the psychology of coping: new research. Nova, New York, pp 39–84
31.
go back to reference Moos RH, Cronkite RL, Billings AG, Finney JW (1987) Revised health and daily living form manual. Veterans Administration and Stanford University Medical Centers, Palo Alto Moos RH, Cronkite RL, Billings AG, Finney JW (1987) Revised health and daily living form manual. Veterans Administration and Stanford University Medical Centers, Palo Alto
32.
go back to reference Grossmann KE, Grossmann K, Waters E (2006) Attachment from infancy to adulthood: the major longitudinal studies. Guilford, New York Grossmann KE, Grossmann K, Waters E (2006) Attachment from infancy to adulthood: the major longitudinal studies. Guilford, New York
33.
go back to reference Kerns KA, Richardson RA (2005) Attachment in middle childhood. Guilford, New York Kerns KA, Richardson RA (2005) Attachment in middle childhood. Guilford, New York
34.
go back to reference Bowlby J (1973) Attachment and loss: vol. 2. Separation: anxiety and anger. Basic Books, New York Bowlby J (1973) Attachment and loss: vol. 2. Separation: anxiety and anger. Basic Books, New York
35.
go back to reference Bowlby J (1988) A secure base: clinical applications of attachment theory. Routledge, London Bowlby J (1988) A secure base: clinical applications of attachment theory. Routledge, London
36.
go back to reference Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2007) Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford, New York Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2007) Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford, New York
38.
go back to reference Masten AS, Narayan AJ, Silverman WK, Osofsky JD (2015) Children in war and disaster. In: Lerner RM (ed) Handbook of child psychology and developmental science, 7th edn. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 704–745 Masten AS, Narayan AJ, Silverman WK, Osofsky JD (2015) Children in war and disaster. In: Lerner RM (ed) Handbook of child psychology and developmental science, 7th edn. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 704–745
39.
go back to reference Finzi-Dottan R, Dekel R, Lavi T, Su’ali T (2006) Posttraumatic stress disorder reactions among children with learning disabilities exposed to terror attacks. Compr Psychiatry 47:144–151PubMedCrossRef Finzi-Dottan R, Dekel R, Lavi T, Su’ali T (2006) Posttraumatic stress disorder reactions among children with learning disabilities exposed to terror attacks. Compr Psychiatry 47:144–151PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference O’Connor M, Elklit A (2008) Attachment styles, traumatic events, and PTSD: a cross-sectional investigation of adult attachment and trauma. Attach Hum Dev 10:59–71PubMedCrossRef O’Connor M, Elklit A (2008) Attachment styles, traumatic events, and PTSD: a cross-sectional investigation of adult attachment and trauma. Attach Hum Dev 10:59–71PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Al-Yagon M (2015) Fathers and mothers of children with learning disabilities: links between emotional and coping resources. Learn Disabil Q 38:112–128CrossRef Al-Yagon M (2015) Fathers and mothers of children with learning disabilities: links between emotional and coping resources. Learn Disabil Q 38:112–128CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Al-Yagon M (2018) Models of child-parent attachment in ADHD: links to executive functions. Pers Relatsh 25:280–298CrossRef Al-Yagon M (2018) Models of child-parent attachment in ADHD: links to executive functions. Pers Relatsh 25:280–298CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Verschueren K, Marcoen A (2005) Perceived security of attachment to mother and father: developmental differences and relation to self-worth and peer relation at school. In: Kerns KA, Richardson RA (eds) Attachment in middle childhood. Guilford, New York, pp 212–230 Verschueren K, Marcoen A (2005) Perceived security of attachment to mother and father: developmental differences and relation to self-worth and peer relation at school. In: Kerns KA, Richardson RA (eds) Attachment in middle childhood. Guilford, New York, pp 212–230
44.
go back to reference Kithakye M, Morris AS, Terranova AM, Myers SS (2010) The Kenyan political conflict and children’s adjustment. Child Dev 81:1113–1127CrossRef Kithakye M, Morris AS, Terranova AM, Myers SS (2010) The Kenyan political conflict and children’s adjustment. Child Dev 81:1113–1127CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Finnegan RA, Hodges EVE, Perry DG (1996) Preoccupied and avoidant coping during middle childhood. Child Dev 67:1318–1328CrossRef Finnegan RA, Hodges EVE, Perry DG (1996) Preoccupied and avoidant coping during middle childhood. Child Dev 67:1318–1328CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Lindstrom B, Eriksson M (2005) Salutogenesis. J Epidemiol Commun Health 59:440–442CrossRef Lindstrom B, Eriksson M (2005) Salutogenesis. J Epidemiol Commun Health 59:440–442CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Braun-Lewensohn O, Idan O, Margalit M (2017) Sense of coherence during adolescence. In: Mittlemark MB, Sagy S, Eriksson M, Bauer JF, Pelikan JM, Lindstrom B, Espnes GA (eds) Handbook of salutogenesis: past, present and future. Springer, Cham, pp 123–137CrossRef Braun-Lewensohn O, Idan O, Margalit M (2017) Sense of coherence during adolescence. In: Mittlemark MB, Sagy S, Eriksson M, Bauer JF, Pelikan JM, Lindstrom B, Espnes GA (eds) Handbook of salutogenesis: past, present and future. Springer, Cham, pp 123–137CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Idan O, Eriksson M, Al-Yagon M (2017) The salutogenic model: the role of generalized resistance resources. In: Mittlemark MB, Sagy S, Eriksson M, Bauer JF, Pelikan JM, Lindstrom B, Espnes GA (eds) Handbook of salutogenesis: past, present and future. Springer, Cham, pp 57–69CrossRef Idan O, Eriksson M, Al-Yagon M (2017) The salutogenic model: the role of generalized resistance resources. In: Mittlemark MB, Sagy S, Eriksson M, Bauer JF, Pelikan JM, Lindstrom B, Espnes GA (eds) Handbook of salutogenesis: past, present and future. Springer, Cham, pp 57–69CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Lavi T, Solomon Z (2005) Palestinian youth of the Intifada: PTSD and future orientation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:1176–1183PubMedCrossRef Lavi T, Solomon Z (2005) Palestinian youth of the Intifada: PTSD and future orientation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:1176–1183PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Betancourt TS, McBain R, Newnham EA, Brennan RT (2014) Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war affected youth in Sierra Leone. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55:217–226PubMedCrossRef Betancourt TS, McBain R, Newnham EA, Brennan RT (2014) Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war affected youth in Sierra Leone. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55:217–226PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Kinzie JD, Cheng DK, Tsai DJ, Riley DC (2006) Traumatized refugee children: the case for individualized diagnosis and treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 194:534–537PubMedCrossRef Kinzie JD, Cheng DK, Tsai DJ, Riley DC (2006) Traumatized refugee children: the case for individualized diagnosis and treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 194:534–537PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA (2001) Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, Burlington Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA (2001) Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, Burlington
53.
go back to reference Cummings EM, Goeke-Morey MC, Merrilees CE, Taylor LK, Shirlow P (2014) A social-ecological, process-oriented perspective on political violence and child development. Child Dev Perspect 8:82–89PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cummings EM, Goeke-Morey MC, Merrilees CE, Taylor LK, Shirlow P (2014) A social-ecological, process-oriented perspective on political violence and child development. Child Dev Perspect 8:82–89PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Solomon Z, Lavi T (2005) Israeli youth of the Intifada: PTSD and future orientation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:1167–1175PubMedCrossRef Solomon Z, Lavi T (2005) Israeli youth of the Intifada: PTSD and future orientation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44:1167–1175PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Pat-Horenczyk R, Achituv M, Rubenstein AK, Khodabakhsh A, Brom D, Chemtob C (2012) Growing up under fire: building resilience in young children and parents exposed to ongoing missile attacks. J Child Adolesc Trauma 5:303–314CrossRef Pat-Horenczyk R, Achituv M, Rubenstein AK, Khodabakhsh A, Brom D, Chemtob C (2012) Growing up under fire: building resilience in young children and parents exposed to ongoing missile attacks. J Child Adolesc Trauma 5:303–314CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Margalit M, Raviv A, Ankonina DB (1992) Coping and coherence among parents with disabled children. J Clin Child Psychol 2:202–209CrossRef Margalit M, Raviv A, Ankonina DB (1992) Coping and coherence among parents with disabled children. J Clin Child Psychol 2:202–209CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Kerns KA, Klepac L, Cole A (1996) Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the child-mother relationship. Dev Psychol 32:457–466CrossRef Kerns KA, Klepac L, Cole A (1996) Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the child-mother relationship. Dev Psychol 32:457–466CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Granot D, Maysless O (2001) Attachment security and adjustment to school in middle childhood. Int J Behav Dev 25:530–541CrossRef Granot D, Maysless O (2001) Attachment security and adjustment to school in middle childhood. Int J Behav Dev 25:530–541CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Harter S (1982) The perceived competence scale for children. Child Dev 53:87–97CrossRef Harter S (1982) The perceived competence scale for children. Child Dev 53:87–97CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Margalit M, Efrati M (1995) Sense of coherence, companionship, and loneliness among children with learning disorders. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis Margalit M, Efrati M (1995) Sense of coherence, companionship, and loneliness among children with learning disorders. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis
62.
go back to reference Rodriguez N, Steinberg A, Pynoos RS (1999) UCLA PTSD index for DSM IV instrument information: child version, parent version, adolescent version. UCLA Trauma Psychiatry Services, Los Angeles Rodriguez N, Steinberg A, Pynoos RS (1999) UCLA PTSD index for DSM IV instrument information: child version, parent version, adolescent version. UCLA Trauma Psychiatry Services, Los Angeles
63.
go back to reference Pat-Horenczyk R, Chemtob CM, Abramovitz R, Baum N, Daie A, Brom D (2002) The Israeli trauma exposure and functional impairment checklist. Unpublished instrument Pat-Horenczyk R, Chemtob CM, Abramovitz R, Baum N, Daie A, Brom D (2002) The Israeli trauma exposure and functional impairment checklist. Unpublished instrument
64.
go back to reference Muthén LK, Muthén B (2010) Mplus user’s guide (version 6). Author, Los Angeles Muthén LK, Muthén B (2010) Mplus user’s guide (version 6). Author, Los Angeles
65.
go back to reference Pat-Horenczyk R, Qasrawi R, Haj-Yahia M, Peled O, Shaheen M, Berger R et al (2009) Posttraumatic symptoms, functional impairment and coping among adolescents on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: a cross-cultural approach. Appl Psychol 58:688–708CrossRef Pat-Horenczyk R, Qasrawi R, Haj-Yahia M, Peled O, Shaheen M, Berger R et al (2009) Posttraumatic symptoms, functional impairment and coping among adolescents on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: a cross-cultural approach. Appl Psychol 58:688–708CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Thabet AA, Ibraheem AN, Shivram R, Winter EA, Vostanis P (2009) Parenting support and PTSD in children of a war zone. Int J Soc Psychiatry 55:226–237PubMedCrossRef Thabet AA, Ibraheem AN, Shivram R, Winter EA, Vostanis P (2009) Parenting support and PTSD in children of a war zone. Int J Soc Psychiatry 55:226–237PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Slone M, Mann S (2016) Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:950–965PubMedCrossRef Slone M, Mann S (2016) Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:950–965PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Scharf M, Rousseau S, Bsoul S (2017) Overparenting and young adults’ interpersonal sensitivity: cultural and parental gender-related diversity. J Child Fam Stud 26:1356–1364CrossRef Scharf M, Rousseau S, Bsoul S (2017) Overparenting and young adults’ interpersonal sensitivity: cultural and parental gender-related diversity. J Child Fam Stud 26:1356–1364CrossRef
70.
go back to reference Bar-Tur L, Ifrah K, Moore D, Kamin ST, Lang FR (2018) How Do emotional closeness and support from parents relate to Israeli and German students’ life satisfaction? J Fam Issues 39:3096–3123CrossRef Bar-Tur L, Ifrah K, Moore D, Kamin ST, Lang FR (2018) How Do emotional closeness and support from parents relate to Israeli and German students’ life satisfaction? J Fam Issues 39:3096–3123CrossRef
71.
go back to reference Ein-Dor T, Doron G, Solomon Z, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2010) Together in pain: attachment-related dyadic processes and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Couns Psychol 57:317–327PubMedCrossRef Ein-Dor T, Doron G, Solomon Z, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR (2010) Together in pain: attachment-related dyadic processes and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Couns Psychol 57:317–327PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Bleich A, Gelkopf M, Solomon Z (2003) Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationality representative sample in Israel. JAMA 290:612–620PubMedCrossRef Bleich A, Gelkopf M, Solomon Z (2003) Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationality representative sample in Israel. JAMA 290:612–620PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Gil-Rivas V, Holman EA, Silver RC (2004) Adolescent vulnerability following the September 11th terrorist attacks: a study of parents and their children. Appl Dev Sci 8:130–142CrossRef Gil-Rivas V, Holman EA, Silver RC (2004) Adolescent vulnerability following the September 11th terrorist attacks: a study of parents and their children. Appl Dev Sci 8:130–142CrossRef
74.
go back to reference Weems CF, Graham RA (2014) Resilience and trajectories of posttraumatic stress among youth exposed to disaster. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24:2–8PubMedCrossRef Weems CF, Graham RA (2014) Resilience and trajectories of posttraumatic stress among youth exposed to disaster. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24:2–8PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Pat-Horenczyk R, Ziv Y, Asulin-Peretz L, Achituv M, Cohen S, Brom D (2013) Relational trauma in times of political violence: continuous traumatic stress vs. past trauma. Peace Confl 19:125–137CrossRef Pat-Horenczyk R, Ziv Y, Asulin-Peretz L, Achituv M, Cohen S, Brom D (2013) Relational trauma in times of political violence: continuous traumatic stress vs. past trauma. Peace Confl 19:125–137CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Children's Resilience to Ongoing Border Attacks: The Role of Father, Mother, and Child Resources
Auteurs
Michal Al-Yagon
Lior Garbi
Yisrael Rich
Publicatiedatum
22-01-2022
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01303-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2023

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 4/2023 Naar de uitgave