4 Infectie en antibiotica

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go back to reference 8 Bochud PY, Bonten M, Marchetti O, Calandra T. Antimicrobial therapy for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: an evidence-based review. Crit Care Med 2004;32:S495–512.CrossRef 8 Bochud PY, Bonten M, Marchetti O, Calandra T. Antimicrobial therapy for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: an evidence-based review. Crit Care Med 2004;32:S495–512.CrossRef

go back to reference 9 Bochud PY, Glauser MP, Calandra T. Antibiotics in sepsis. Int Care Med 2001;27:S33–48.CrossRef 9 Bochud PY, Glauser MP, Calandra T. Antibiotics in sepsis. Int Care Med 2001;27:S33–48.CrossRef

go back to reference 10 Brigden ML, Pattullo AL. Prevention and management of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection – an update. Crit Care Med 1999;27:836–42.CrossRef 10 Brigden ML, Pattullo AL. Prevention and management of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection – an update. Crit Care Med 1999;27:836–42.CrossRef

go back to reference 11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. 2002 August 9;51:No. RR-10 (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/iv/iv.htm). 11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. 2002 August 9;51:No. RR-10 (http://​www.​cdc.​gov/​ncidod/​hip/​iv/​iv.​htm).

go back to reference 12 Chow AW, Evans GA, Nathens AB, Ball CG, Hansen G, Harding GKM, Kirkpatrick AW, Weiss K, Zhanel GG. Canadian practice guidelines for surgical intra-abdominal infections. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2010;21:11–37 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2852280/). 12 Chow AW, Evans GA, Nathens AB, Ball CG, Hansen G, Harding GKM, Kirkpatrick AW, Weiss K, Zhanel GG. Canadian practice guidelines for surgical intra-abdominal infections. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2010;21:11–37 (http://​www.​ncbi.​nlm.​nih.​gov/​pmc/​articles/​PMC2852280/​).

go back to reference 13 Food_and_Drug_Administration. Guidence for Industry: Uncomplicated and complicated skin and skin structure infections-Developing antimicrobial drugs for treatment. https://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm 1998:1–17. 13 Food_and_Drug_Administration. Guidence for Industry: Uncomplicated and complicated skin and skin structure infections-Developing antimicrobial drugs for treatment. https://​www.​fda.​gov/​RegulatoryInform​ation/​Guidances/​default.​htm 1998:1–17.

go back to reference 14 Fritsche TR, Sader HS, Jones RN. Potency and spectrum of garenoxacin tested against an international collection of skin and soft tissue infection pathogens: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (1999–2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007;58:19–26.CrossRef 14 Fritsche TR, Sader HS, Jones RN. Potency and spectrum of garenoxacin tested against an international collection of skin and soft tissue infection pathogens: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (1999–2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007;58:19–26.CrossRef

go back to reference 15 Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PRW, Hart NB. Necrotising fasciitis. BMJ. 2005;330:830–3.CrossRef 15 Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PRW, Hart NB. Necrotising fasciitis. BMJ. 2005;330:830–3.CrossRef

go back to reference 16 Infectious Diseases Society of America. Standards, practice guidelines, and statements developed and/or endorsed by IDSA (http://www.idsociety.org/Content.aspx?id=9088). 16 Infectious Diseases Society of America. Standards, practice guidelines, and statements developed and/or endorsed by IDSA (http://​www.​idsociety.​org/​Content.​aspx?​id=​9088).

go back to reference 17 Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. The influence of inappropriate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 2000;118:146–55.CrossRef 17 Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. The influence of inappropriate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 2000;118:146–55.CrossRef

go back to reference 18 Jonge E de, Schultz MJ, Spanjaard L, Bossuyt PM, Vroom MB, Dankert J, Kesecioglu J. Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:1011–6.CrossRef 18 Jonge E de, Schultz MJ, Spanjaard L, Bossuyt PM, Vroom MB, Dankert J, Kesecioglu J. Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:1011–6.CrossRef

go back to reference 19 Kirkland KB, Briggs JP, Trivette SL, Wilkinson WE, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:725–30.CrossRef 19 Kirkland KB, Briggs JP, Trivette SL, Wilkinson WE, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:725–30.CrossRef

go back to reference 20 Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest. 1999;115:462–74.CrossRef 20 Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest. 1999;115:462–74.CrossRef

go back to reference 21 Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S, et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):1589–96.CrossRef 21 Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S, et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):1589–96.CrossRef

go back to reference 22 Ruler O van. Abdominal sepis: surgical strategy and prediction of outcome. Thesis. Amsterdam: [UvA Dissertations Online], 2007. 22 Ruler O van. Abdominal sepis: surgical strategy and prediction of outcome. Thesis. Amsterdam: [UvA Dissertations Online], 2007.

go back to reference 23 Saint S, Savel RH, Matthay MA. Enhancing the safety of critically ill patients by reducing urinary and central venous catheter-related infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:1475–9.CrossRef 23 Saint S, Savel RH, Matthay MA. Enhancing the safety of critically ill patients by reducing urinary and central venous catheter-related infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:1475–9.CrossRef

go back to reference 24 Smet AM de, Kluytmans JA, Blok HE, Mascini EM, Benus RF, Bernards AT, Kuijper EJ, Leverstein-van Hall MA, Jansz AR, Jongh BM de, Asselt GJ van, Frenay IH, Thijsen SF, Conijn SN, Kaan JA, Arends JP, Sturm PDj, Bootsma MC, Bonten MJ. Selective digestive tract decontamination and selective oropharyngeal decontamination and antibiotic resistance in patients in intensive-care units: an open-label, clustered group-randomised, crossover study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11: 372–80.CrossRef 24 Smet AM de, Kluytmans JA, Blok HE, Mascini EM, Benus RF, Bernards AT, Kuijper EJ, Leverstein-van Hall MA, Jansz AR, Jongh BM de, Asselt GJ van, Frenay IH, Thijsen SF, Conijn SN, Kaan JA, Arends JP, Sturm PDj, Bootsma MC, Bonten MJ. Selective digestive tract decontamination and selective oropharyngeal decontamination and antibiotic resistance in patients in intensive-care units: an open-label, clustered group-randomised, crossover study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11: 372–80.CrossRef

go back to reference 25 Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJC, Baron EJ, O’Neill PJ, Chow AW, Dellinger EP, Eachempati SR, Gorbach S, Hilfiker M, May AK, Nathens AB, Sawyer RG, Bartlett JG. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 133–164 (http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/50/2/133.full.pdf+html). 25 Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJC, Baron EJ, O’Neill PJ, Chow AW, Dellinger EP, Eachempati SR, Gorbach S, Hilfiker M, May AK, Nathens AB, Sawyer RG, Bartlett JG. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 133–164 (http://​cid.​oxfordjournals.​org/​content/​50/​2/​133.​full.​pdf+html).

go back to reference 26 SWAB (Stichting Werkgroep Antibiotica Beleid) richtlijn sepsis 2010 (http://www.swab.nl/richtlijnen). 26 SWAB (Stichting Werkgroep Antibiotica Beleid) richtlijn sepsis 2010 (http://​www.​swab.​nl/​richtlijnen).

go back to reference 27 Wong PF, Gilliam AD, Kumar S, Shenfine J, O’Dair GN, Leaper DJ. Antibiotic regimes for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;2:CD004539. 27 Wong PF, Gilliam AD, Kumar S, Shenfine J, O’Dair GN, Leaper DJ. Antibiotic regimes for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;2:CD004539.