Skip to main content
Top

2016 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

2. Wat is centrale sensitisatie en wat zijn de onderliggende mechanismen? Moderne pijnneurowetenschappen voor de klinische praktijk

Auteur : Jo Nijs

Gepubliceerd in: Centrale sensitisatiepijn in de klinische praktijk

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

Het hoofdstuk begint met een bondig overzicht van de neurofysiologie van acute (nociceptieve) pijn, gevolgd door een beschrijving van de verschillende mechanismen die aan de basis van neuroplasticiteit (zoals wind-up, langetermijnpotentiëring en uiteraard ook centrale sensitisatie) en pijnmodulatie liggen (afdalende pijnstillende en pijnversterkende banen). Een groot deel van het hoofdstuk is gewijd aan de pijn(neuro)matrix. Om u als clinicus optimaal te bedienen, is dit hoofdstuk voorzien van kaders waarin de vertaalslag van de pijnneurowetenschappen naar het klinisch handelen wordt gemaakt. Op die manier krijgt u in dit hoofdstuk een voorproefje van wat verder in het boek volgt.
Voetnoten
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, et al. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology. 2008;70(18):1630–5.PubMedCrossRef Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, et al. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology. 2008;70(18):1630–5.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Haroutiunian S, Nikolajsen L, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS. The neuropathic component in persistent postsurgical pain: a systematic literature review. Pain. 2013;154(1):95–102.PubMedCrossRef Haroutiunian S, Nikolajsen L, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS. The neuropathic component in persistent postsurgical pain: a systematic literature review. Pain. 2013;154(1):95–102.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Staud R, Smitherman ML. Peripheral and central sensitization in fibromyalgia: pathogenetic role. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2002;6(4):259–66.PubMedCrossRef Staud R, Smitherman ML. Peripheral and central sensitization in fibromyalgia: pathogenetic role. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2002;6(4):259–66.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Baranauskas G, Nistri A. Sensitization of pain pathways in the spinal cord: cellular mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol. 1998;54(3):349–65.PubMedCrossRef Baranauskas G, Nistri A. Sensitization of pain pathways in the spinal cord: cellular mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol. 1998;54(3):349–65.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Mendell LM, Wall PD. Responses of single dorsal cord cells to peripheral cutaneous unmyelinated fibres. Nature. 1965;206:97–9.PubMedCrossRef Mendell LM, Wall PD. Responses of single dorsal cord cells to peripheral cutaneous unmyelinated fibres. Nature. 1965;206:97–9.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Staud R, Robinson ME, Price DD. Temporal summation of second pain and its maintenance are useful for characterizing widespread central sensitization of fibromyalgia patients. J Pain. 2007;8(11):893–901.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Staud R, Robinson ME, Price DD. Temporal summation of second pain and its maintenance are useful for characterizing widespread central sensitization of fibromyalgia patients. J Pain. 2007;8(11):893–901.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Meeus M, Nijs J. Central sensitization: a biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(4):465–73.PubMedCrossRef Meeus M, Nijs J. Central sensitization: a biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(4):465–73.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Suzuki R, Morcuende S, Webber M, Hunt SP, Dickenson AH. Superficial NK1-expressing neurons control spinal excitability through activation of descending pathways. Nat Neurosci. 2002;5(12):1319–26.PubMedCrossRef Suzuki R, Morcuende S, Webber M, Hunt SP, Dickenson AH. Superficial NK1-expressing neurons control spinal excitability through activation of descending pathways. Nat Neurosci. 2002;5(12):1319–26.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Zusman M. Forebrain-mediated sensitization of central pain pathways: ‘non-specific’ pain and a new image for MT. Man Ther. 2002;7(2):80–8.PubMedCrossRef Zusman M. Forebrain-mediated sensitization of central pain pathways: ‘non-specific’ pain and a new image for MT. Man Ther. 2002;7(2):80–8.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Ursin H, Eriksen HR. Sensitization, subjective health complaints, and sustained arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;933:119–29.PubMedCrossRef Ursin H, Eriksen HR. Sensitization, subjective health complaints, and sustained arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;933:119–29.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Purves D, Augustine G, Fitzpatrick D, Katz L, LaMantia A, McNamara J. In: Purves D, Augustine G, Fitzpatrick D, Katz L, LaMantia A-S, McNamara J, Redacteur. Neuroscience. Sunderland: Sinauer Associations; 1997. Purves D, Augustine G, Fitzpatrick D, Katz L, LaMantia A, McNamara J. In: Purves D, Augustine G, Fitzpatrick D, Katz L, LaMantia A-S, McNamara J, Redacteur. Neuroscience. Sunderland: Sinauer Associations; 1997.
15.
go back to reference Woolf CJ, Salter MW. Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science. 2000;288(5472):1765–9.PubMedCrossRef Woolf CJ, Salter MW. Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science. 2000;288(5472):1765–9.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Le Bars D, Villanueva L. Electrophysiological evidence for the activation of descending inhibitory controls by nociceptive afferent pathways. Prog Brain Res. 1988;77:275–99.PubMedCrossRef Le Bars D, Villanueva L. Electrophysiological evidence for the activation of descending inhibitory controls by nociceptive afferent pathways. Prog Brain Res. 1988;77:275–99.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Staud R, Robinson ME, Price DD. Isometric exercise has opposite effects on central pain mechanisms in fibromyalgia patients compared to normal controls. Pain. 2005;118(1–2):176–84.PubMedCrossRef Staud R, Robinson ME, Price DD. Isometric exercise has opposite effects on central pain mechanisms in fibromyalgia patients compared to normal controls. Pain. 2005;118(1–2):176–84.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Price DD, Staud R, Robinson ME, Mauderli AP, Cannon R, Vierck CJ. Enhanced temporal summation of second pain and its central modulation in fibromyalgia patients. Pain. 2002;99(1–2):49–59.PubMedCrossRef Price DD, Staud R, Robinson ME, Mauderli AP, Cannon R, Vierck CJ. Enhanced temporal summation of second pain and its central modulation in fibromyalgia patients. Pain. 2002;99(1–2):49–59.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Banic B, Petersen-Felix S, Andersen OK, Radanov BP, Villiger PM, Arendt-Nielsen L, Curatolo M. Evidence for spinal cord hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury and in fibromyalgia. Pain. 2004;107(1–2):7–15.PubMedCrossRef Banic B, Petersen-Felix S, Andersen OK, Radanov BP, Villiger PM, Arendt-Nielsen L, Curatolo M. Evidence for spinal cord hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury and in fibromyalgia. Pain. 2004;107(1–2):7–15.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Daenen L, Nijs J, Roussel N, Wouters K, Van Loo M, Cras P. Dysfunctional pain inhibition in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: an experimental study. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(1):23–31.PubMedCrossRef Daenen L, Nijs J, Roussel N, Wouters K, Van Loo M, Cras P. Dysfunctional pain inhibition in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: an experimental study. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(1):23–31.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Nijs J, Kosek E, Van Oosterwijck J, Meeus M. Dysfunctional endogenous analgesia during exercise in patients with chronic pain: to exercise or not to exercise? Pain Physician 2012;15(3 Suppl):ES205–13.PubMed Nijs J, Kosek E, Van Oosterwijck J, Meeus M. Dysfunctional endogenous analgesia during exercise in patients with chronic pain: to exercise or not to exercise? Pain Physician 2012;15(3 Suppl):ES205–13.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, Van Loo M, Paul L. Lack of endogenous pain inhibition during exercise in people with chronic whiplash associated disorders: an experimental study. J Pain. 2012;13(3):242–54.PubMedCrossRef Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, Van Loo M, Paul L. Lack of endogenous pain inhibition during exercise in people with chronic whiplash associated disorders: an experimental study. J Pain. 2012;13(3):242–54.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Kosek E, Ekholm J, Hansson P. Modulation of pressure pain thresholds during and following isometric contraction in patients with fibromyalgia and in healthy controls. Pain. 1996;64(3):415–23.PubMedCrossRef Kosek E, Ekholm J, Hansson P. Modulation of pressure pain thresholds during and following isometric contraction in patients with fibromyalgia and in healthy controls. Pain. 1996;64(3):415–23.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Whiteside A, Hansen S, Chaudhuri A. Exercise lowers pain threshold in chronic fatigue syndrome. Pain. 2004;109(3):497–9.PubMedCrossRef Whiteside A, Hansen S, Chaudhuri A. Exercise lowers pain threshold in chronic fatigue syndrome. Pain. 2004;109(3):497–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, Lefever I, Huybrechts L, Lambrecht L, Paul L. Pain inhibition and postexertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an experimental study. J Intern Med. 2010;268(3):265–78.PubMedCrossRef Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, Lefever I, Huybrechts L, Lambrecht L, Paul L. Pain inhibition and postexertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an experimental study. J Intern Med. 2010;268(3):265–78.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Meeus M, Roussel NA, Truijen S, Nijs J. Reduced pressure pain thresholds in response to exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome but not in chronic low back pain: an experimental study. J Rehabil Med. 2010;42(9):884–90.PubMedCrossRef Meeus M, Roussel NA, Truijen S, Nijs J. Reduced pressure pain thresholds in response to exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome but not in chronic low back pain: an experimental study. J Rehabil Med. 2010;42(9):884–90.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Martins DF, Bobinski F, Mazzardo-Martins L, Cidral-Filho FJ, Nascimento FP, Gadotti VM, Santos AR. Ankle joint mobilization decreases hypersensitivity by activation of peripheral opioid receptors in a mouse model of postoperative pain. Pain Med. 2012;13(8):1049–58.PubMedCrossRef Martins DF, Bobinski F, Mazzardo-Martins L, Cidral-Filho FJ, Nascimento FP, Gadotti VM, Santos AR. Ankle joint mobilization decreases hypersensitivity by activation of peripheral opioid receptors in a mouse model of postoperative pain. Pain Med. 2012;13(8):1049–58.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Martins DF, Mazzardo-Martins L, Cidral-Filho FJ, Stramosk J, Santos AR. Ankle joint mobilization affects postoperative pain through peripheral and central adenosine A1 receptors. Phys Ther. 2013;93(3):401–12.PubMedCrossRef Martins DF, Mazzardo-Martins L, Cidral-Filho FJ, Stramosk J, Santos AR. Ankle joint mobilization affects postoperative pain through peripheral and central adenosine A1 receptors. Phys Ther. 2013;93(3):401–12.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Sluka KA, Skyba DA, Radhakrishnan R, Leeper BJ, Wright A. Joint mobilization reduces hyperalgesia associated with chronic muscle and joint inflammation in rats. J Pain. 2006;7(8):602–7.PubMedCrossRef Sluka KA, Skyba DA, Radhakrishnan R, Leeper BJ, Wright A. Joint mobilization reduces hyperalgesia associated with chronic muscle and joint inflammation in rats. J Pain. 2006;7(8):602–7.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Coronado RA, Gay CW, Bialosky JE, Carnaby GD, Bishop MD, George SZ. Changes in pain sensitivity following spinal manipulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(5):752–67.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Coronado RA, Gay CW, Bialosky JE, Carnaby GD, Bishop MD, George SZ. Changes in pain sensitivity following spinal manipulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(5):752–67.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Wall B, Melzack R. Textbook of pain. 3rd ed. London: Churchill-Livingstone; 1994. Wall B, Melzack R. Textbook of pain. 3rd ed. London: Churchill-Livingstone; 1994.
32.
go back to reference Peyron R, Laurent B, Garcia-Larrea L. Functional imaging of brain responses to pain. A review and meta-analysis. Neurophysiol Clin. 2000;30(5):263–88.PubMedCrossRef Peyron R, Laurent B, Garcia-Larrea L. Functional imaging of brain responses to pain. A review and meta-analysis. Neurophysiol Clin. 2000;30(5):263–88.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Lee MC, Zambreanu L, Menon DK, Tracey I. Identifying brain activity specifically related to the maintenance and perceptual consequence of central sensitization in humans. J Neurosci. 2008;28(45):11642–9.PubMedCrossRef Lee MC, Zambreanu L, Menon DK, Tracey I. Identifying brain activity specifically related to the maintenance and perceptual consequence of central sensitization in humans. J Neurosci. 2008;28(45):11642–9.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Li Z, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang M, Wan Y. Basolateral amygdala lesion inhibits the development of pain chronicity in neuropathic pain rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70921. Li Z, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang M, Wan Y. Basolateral amygdala lesion inhibits the development of pain chronicity in neuropathic pain rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70921.
35.
go back to reference Kattoor J, Gizewski ER, Kotsis V, Benson S, Gramsch C, Theysohn N, et al. Fear conditioning in an abdominal pain model: neural responses during associative learning and extinction in healthy subjects. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):26.CrossRef Kattoor J, Gizewski ER, Kotsis V, Benson S, Gramsch C, Theysohn N, et al. Fear conditioning in an abdominal pain model: neural responses during associative learning and extinction in healthy subjects. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):26.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Schiller D, Kanen JW, Ledoux JE, Monfils MH, Phelps EA. Extinction during reconsolidation of threat memory diminishes prefrontal cortex involvement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(50):20040–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schiller D, Kanen JW, Ledoux JE, Monfils MH, Phelps EA. Extinction during reconsolidation of threat memory diminishes prefrontal cortex involvement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(50):20040–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Hadjikhani N, Ward N, Boshyan J, Napadow V, Maeda Y, Truini A, et al. The missing link: enhanced functional connectivity between amygdala and visceroceptive cortex in migraine. Cephalalgia. 2013;29:29. Hadjikhani N, Ward N, Boshyan J, Napadow V, Maeda Y, Truini A, et al. The missing link: enhanced functional connectivity between amygdala and visceroceptive cortex in migraine. Cephalalgia. 2013;29:29.
38.
go back to reference Kim JY, Kim SH, Seo J, Han SW, Nam EJ, Kim SK, et al. Increased power spectral density in resting-state pain-related brain networks in fibromyalgia. Pain. 2013;154(9):1792–7.PubMedCrossRef Kim JY, Kim SH, Seo J, Han SW, Nam EJ, Kim SK, et al. Increased power spectral density in resting-state pain-related brain networks in fibromyalgia. Pain. 2013;154(9):1792–7.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Schwedt TJ, Schlaggar BL, Mar S, Nolan T, Coalson RS, Nardos B, et al. Atypical resting-state functional connectivity of affective pain regions in chronic migraine. Headache. 2013;53(5):737–51.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schwedt TJ, Schlaggar BL, Mar S, Nolan T, Coalson RS, Nardos B, et al. Atypical resting-state functional connectivity of affective pain regions in chronic migraine. Headache. 2013;53(5):737–51.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Simons LE, Moulton EA, Linnman C, Carpino E, Becerra L, Borsook D. The human amygdala and pain: evidence from neuroimaging. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;25(10):22199. Simons LE, Moulton EA, Linnman C, Carpino E, Becerra L, Borsook D. The human amygdala and pain: evidence from neuroimaging. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;25(10):22199.
41.
go back to reference Schmid J, Theysohn N, Gass F, Benson S, Gramsch C, Forsting M, et al. Neural mechanisms mediating positive and negative treatment expectations in visceral pain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on placebo and nocebo effects in healthy volunteers. Pain. 2013;154(11):2372–80.PubMedCrossRef Schmid J, Theysohn N, Gass F, Benson S, Gramsch C, Forsting M, et al. Neural mechanisms mediating positive and negative treatment expectations in visceral pain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on placebo and nocebo effects in healthy volunteers. Pain. 2013;154(11):2372–80.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Zusman M. Mechanisms of musculoskeletal physiotherapy. Phys Ther Rev. 2004;9:39–49.CrossRef Zusman M. Mechanisms of musculoskeletal physiotherapy. Phys Ther Rev. 2004;9:39–49.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Tucker K, Larsson AK, Oknelid S, Hodges P. Similar alteration of motor unit recruitment strategies during the anticipation and experience of pain. Pain. 2012;153(3):636–43.PubMedCrossRef Tucker K, Larsson AK, Oknelid S, Hodges P. Similar alteration of motor unit recruitment strategies during the anticipation and experience of pain. Pain. 2012;153(3):636–43.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Hodges PW, Tucker K. Moving differently in pain: a new theory to explain the adaptation to pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):18. Hodges PW, Tucker K. Moving differently in pain: a new theory to explain the adaptation to pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):18.
45.
go back to reference Vlaeyen JWS, Morley SJ, Linton SJ, Boersma K, Jong J de. Pain-related fear. Exposure-based treatment of chronic pain. USA: IASP Press Seattle; 2012. Vlaeyen JWS, Morley SJ, Linton SJ, Boersma K, Jong J de. Pain-related fear. Exposure-based treatment of chronic pain. USA: IASP Press Seattle; 2012.
46.
go back to reference Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Breukelen GJ van, Jong JR de, Heuts PH, Smeets RJ, et al. Exposure in vivo versus operant graded activity in chronic low back pain patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2008;138(1):192–207.PubMedCrossRef Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Breukelen GJ van, Jong JR de, Heuts PH, Smeets RJ, et al. Exposure in vivo versus operant graded activity in chronic low back pain patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2008;138(1):192–207.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Vlaeyen JW, Jong J de, Geilen M, Heuts PH, Breukelen G van. The treatment of fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain: further evidence on the effectiveness of exposure in vivo. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(4):251–61.PubMedCrossRef Vlaeyen JW, Jong J de, Geilen M, Heuts PH, Breukelen G van. The treatment of fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain: further evidence on the effectiveness of exposure in vivo. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(4):251–61.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Jong JR de, Vlaeyen JW, Onghena P, Cuypers C, Hollander M den, Ruijgrok J. Reduction of pain-related fear in complex regional pain syndrome type I: the application of graded exposure in vivo. Pain. 2005;116(3):264–75.PubMedCrossRef Jong JR de, Vlaeyen JW, Onghena P, Cuypers C, Hollander M den, Ruijgrok J. Reduction of pain-related fear in complex regional pain syndrome type I: the application of graded exposure in vivo. Pain. 2005;116(3):264–75.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Jong JR de, Vangronsveld K, Peters ML, Goossens ME, Onghena P, Bulte I, Vlaeyen JW. Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo. J Pain. 2008;9(12):1123–34.PubMedCrossRef Jong JR de, Vangronsveld K, Peters ML, Goossens ME, Onghena P, Bulte I, Vlaeyen JW. Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo. J Pain. 2008;9(12):1123–34.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Jong JR de, Vlaeyen JW, Eijsden M van, Loo C, Onghena P. Reduction of pain-related fear and increased function and participation in work-related upper extremity pain (WRUEP): effects of exposure in vivo. Pain. 2012;153(10):2109–18.PubMedCrossRef Jong JR de, Vlaeyen JW, Eijsden M van, Loo C, Onghena P. Reduction of pain-related fear and increased function and participation in work-related upper extremity pain (WRUEP): effects of exposure in vivo. Pain. 2012;153(10):2109–18.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Gray AM, Pounds-Cornish E, Eccles FJ, Aziz TZ, Green AL, Scott RB. Deep brain stimulation as a treatment for neuropathic pain: a longitudinal study addressing neuropsychological outcomes. J Pain. 2014;15(3):283–92.PubMedCrossRef Gray AM, Pounds-Cornish E, Eccles FJ, Aziz TZ, Green AL, Scott RB. Deep brain stimulation as a treatment for neuropathic pain: a longitudinal study addressing neuropsychological outcomes. J Pain. 2014;15(3):283–92.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Wu D, Wang S, Stein JF, Aziz TZ, Green AL. Reciprocal interactions between the human thalamus and periaqueductal gray may be important for pain perception. Exp Brain Res. 2014;232(2):527–34.PubMedCrossRef Wu D, Wang S, Stein JF, Aziz TZ, Green AL. Reciprocal interactions between the human thalamus and periaqueductal gray may be important for pain perception. Exp Brain Res. 2014;232(2):527–34.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Carlson JD, Maire JJ, Martenson ME, Heinricher MM. Sensitization of pain-modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla after peripheral nerve injury. J Neurosci. 2007;27(48):13222–31.PubMedCrossRef Carlson JD, Maire JJ, Martenson ME, Heinricher MM. Sensitization of pain-modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla after peripheral nerve injury. J Neurosci. 2007;27(48):13222–31.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Yanagisawa K, Masui K, Furutani K, Nomura M, Ura M, Yoshida H. Does higher general trust serve as a psychosocial buffer against social pain? An NIRS study of social exclusion. Soc Neurosci. 2011;6(2):190–7.PubMedCrossRef Yanagisawa K, Masui K, Furutani K, Nomura M, Ura M, Yoshida H. Does higher general trust serve as a psychosocial buffer against social pain? An NIRS study of social exclusion. Soc Neurosci. 2011;6(2):190–7.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Eisenberger NI, Lieberman MD, Williams KD. Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion. Science. 2003;302(5643):290–2.PubMedCrossRef Eisenberger NI, Lieberman MD, Williams KD. Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion. Science. 2003;302(5643):290–2.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Panksepp J. Neuroscience. Feeling the pain of social loss. Science. 2003;302(5643):237–9.CrossRef Panksepp J. Neuroscience. Feeling the pain of social loss. Science. 2003;302(5643):237–9.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference DeLongis A, Holtzman S. Coping in context: the role of stress, social support, and personality in coping. J Pers. 2005;73(6):1633–56.PubMedCrossRef DeLongis A, Holtzman S. Coping in context: the role of stress, social support, and personality in coping. J Pers. 2005;73(6):1633–56.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Nijs J, Inghelbrecht E, Daenen L, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Hens L, Willems B, et al. Long-term functioning following whiplash injury: the role of social support and personality traits. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30(7):927–35.PubMedCrossRef Nijs J, Inghelbrecht E, Daenen L, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Hens L, Willems B, et al. Long-term functioning following whiplash injury: the role of social support and personality traits. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30(7):927–35.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Lamm C, Decety J, Singer T. Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage. 2011;54(3):2492–502.PubMedCrossRef Lamm C, Decety J, Singer T. Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage. 2011;54(3):2492–502.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Taylor JJ, Borckardt JJ, George MS. Endogenous opioids mediate left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS-induced analgesia. Pain. 2012;153(6):1219–25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Taylor JJ, Borckardt JJ, George MS. Endogenous opioids mediate left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS-induced analgesia. Pain. 2012;153(6):1219–25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Seminowicz DA, Davis KD. Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing. Pain. 2006;120(3):297–306.PubMedCrossRef Seminowicz DA, Davis KD. Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing. Pain. 2006;120(3):297–306.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Kong J, Kaptchuk TJ, Polich G, Kirsch I, Gollub RL. Placebo analgesia: findings from brain imaging studies and emerging hypotheses. Rev Neurosci. 2007;18(3–4):173–90.PubMed Kong J, Kaptchuk TJ, Polich G, Kirsch I, Gollub RL. Placebo analgesia: findings from brain imaging studies and emerging hypotheses. Rev Neurosci. 2007;18(3–4):173–90.PubMed
64.
go back to reference Puentedura EJ, Louw A. A neuroscience approach to managing athletes with low back pain. Phys Ther Sport. 2012;13(3):123–33.PubMedCrossRef Puentedura EJ, Louw A. A neuroscience approach to managing athletes with low back pain. Phys Ther Sport. 2012;13(3):123–33.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):S2–15.PubMedCrossRef Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):S2–15.PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Meyer RA, Campbell IT, Raja SN. Peripheral neural mechanisms of nociception. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, Redacteur. Textbook of pain. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. pp. 13–44. Meyer RA, Campbell IT, Raja SN. Peripheral neural mechanisms of nociception. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, Redacteur. Textbook of pain. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. pp. 13–44.
67.
go back to reference Oosterwijck J van, Nijs J, Meeus M, Paul L. Evidence for central sensitization in chronic whiplash: a systematic literature review. Eur J Pain. 2013;17(3):299–312.PubMedCrossRef Oosterwijck J van, Nijs J, Meeus M, Paul L. Evidence for central sensitization in chronic whiplash: a systematic literature review. Eur J Pain. 2013;17(3):299–312.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Roussel NA, Nijs J, Meeus M, Mylius V, Fayt C, Oostendorp R. Central sensitization and altered central pain processing in chronic low back pain: fact or myth? Clin J Pain. 2013;29(7):625–38.PubMedCrossRef Roussel NA, Nijs J, Meeus M, Mylius V, Fayt C, Oostendorp R. Central sensitization and altered central pain processing in chronic low back pain: fact or myth? Clin J Pain. 2013;29(7):625–38.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Lluch Girbes E, Nijs J, Torres-Cueco R, Lopez Cubas C. Pain treatment for patients with osteoarthritis and central sensitization. Phys Ther. 2013;93(6):842–51.PubMedCrossRef Lluch Girbes E, Nijs J, Torres-Cueco R, Lopez Cubas C. Pain treatment for patients with osteoarthritis and central sensitization. Phys Ther. 2013;93(6):842–51.PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Ashina S, Bendtsen L, Ashina M. Pathophysiology of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2005;9(6):415–22.PubMedCrossRef Ashina S, Bendtsen L, Ashina M. Pathophysiology of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2005;9(6):415–22.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Perrotta A, Serrao M, Sandrini G, Burstein R, Sances G, Rossi P, et al. Sensitisation of spinal cord pain processing in medication overuse headache involves supraspinal pain control. Cephalalgia. 2010;30(3):272–84.PubMedCrossRef Perrotta A, Serrao M, Sandrini G, Burstein R, Sances G, Rossi P, et al. Sensitisation of spinal cord pain processing in medication overuse headache involves supraspinal pain control. Cephalalgia. 2010;30(3):272–84.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Nijs J, Meeus M, Van Oosterwijck J, Ickmans K, Moorkens G, Hans G, De Clerck LS. In the mind or in the brain? Scientific evidence for central sensitisation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012;42(2):203–12.PubMedCrossRef Nijs J, Meeus M, Van Oosterwijck J, Ickmans K, Moorkens G, Hans G, De Clerck LS. In the mind or in the brain? Scientific evidence for central sensitisation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012;42(2):203–12.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Meeus M, Vervisch S, De Clerck LS, Moorkens G, Hans G, Nijs J. Central sensitization in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41(4):556–67.PubMedCrossRef Meeus M, Vervisch S, De Clerck LS, Moorkens G, Hans G, Nijs J. Central sensitization in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41(4):556–67.PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Wilgen CP van, Konopka KH, Keizer D, Zwerver J, Dekker R. Do patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy have an altered somatosensory profile? – A quantitative sensory testing (QST) study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(2):149–55. Wilgen CP van, Konopka KH, Keizer D, Zwerver J, Dekker R. Do patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy have an altered somatosensory profile? – A quantitative sensory testing (QST) study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(2):149–55.
75.
go back to reference Paul TM, Soo Hoo J, Chae J, Wilson RD. Central hypersensitivity in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(12):2206–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Paul TM, Soo Hoo J, Chae J, Wilson RD. Central hypersensitivity in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(12):2206–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Coombes BK, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. Thermal hyperalgesia distinguishes those with severe pain and disability in unilateral lateral epicondylalgia. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(7):595–601.PubMedCrossRef Coombes BK, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. Thermal hyperalgesia distinguishes those with severe pain and disability in unilateral lateral epicondylalgia. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(7):595–601.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Fernandez-Carnero J, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Llave-Rincon AI de la, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L. Widespread mechanical pain hypersensitivity as sign of central sensitization in unilateral epicondylalgia: a blinded, controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2009;25(7):555–61.PubMedCrossRef Fernandez-Carnero J, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Llave-Rincon AI de la, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L. Widespread mechanical pain hypersensitivity as sign of central sensitization in unilateral epicondylalgia: a blinded, controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2009;25(7):555–61.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B, Oostendorp RA. Recognition of central sensitization in patients with musculoskeletal pain: application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther. 2010;15(2):135–41.PubMedCrossRef Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B, Oostendorp RA. Recognition of central sensitization in patients with musculoskeletal pain: application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther. 2010;15(2):135–41.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Staud R, Craggs JG, Perlstein WM, Robinson ME, Price DD. Brain activity associated with slow temporal summation of C-fiber evoked pain in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Eur J Pain. 2008;12(8):1078–89.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Staud R, Craggs JG, Perlstein WM, Robinson ME, Price DD. Brain activity associated with slow temporal summation of C-fiber evoked pain in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Eur J Pain. 2008;12(8):1078–89.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Yarnitsky D. Conditioned pain modulation (the diffuse noxious inhibitory control-like effect): its relevance for acute and chronic pain states. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010;23(5):611–5.PubMedCrossRef Yarnitsky D. Conditioned pain modulation (the diffuse noxious inhibitory control-like effect): its relevance for acute and chronic pain states. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010;23(5):611–5.PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Meeus M, Nijs J, Van de Wauwer N, Toeback L, Truijen S. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control is delayed in chronic fatigue syndrome: an experimental study. Pain. 2008;139(2):439–48.PubMedCrossRef Meeus M, Nijs J, Van de Wauwer N, Toeback L, Truijen S. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control is delayed in chronic fatigue syndrome: an experimental study. Pain. 2008;139(2):439–48.PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Filatova E, Latysheva N, Kurenkov A. Evidence of persistent central sensitization in chronic headaches: a multi-method study. J Headache Pain. 2008;9(5):295–300.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Filatova E, Latysheva N, Kurenkov A. Evidence of persistent central sensitization in chronic headaches: a multi-method study. J Headache Pain. 2008;9(5):295–300.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Raphael KG, Janal MN, Nathan S, Cook DB, Staud R. Temporal summation of heat pain in temporomandibular disorder patients. J Orofac Pain. 2009;23(1):54–64.PubMedPubMedCentral Raphael KG, Janal MN, Nathan S, Cook DB, Staud R. Temporal summation of heat pain in temporomandibular disorder patients. J Orofac Pain. 2009;23(1):54–64.PubMedPubMedCentral
84.
go back to reference Seifert F, Maihofner C. Central mechanisms of experimental and chronic neuropathic pain: findings from functional imaging studies. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009;66(3):375–90.PubMedCrossRef Seifert F, Maihofner C. Central mechanisms of experimental and chronic neuropathic pain: findings from functional imaging studies. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009;66(3):375–90.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Zhuo M. A synaptic model for pain: long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Cells. 2007;23(3):259–71.PubMed Zhuo M. A synaptic model for pain: long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Cells. 2007;23(3):259–71.PubMed
86.
go back to reference Suarez-Roca H, Leal L, Silva JA, Pinerua-Shuhaibar L, Quintero L. Reduced GABA neurotransmission underlies hyperalgesia induced by repeated forced swimming stress. Behav Brain Res. 2008;189(1):159–69.PubMedCrossRef Suarez-Roca H, Leal L, Silva JA, Pinerua-Shuhaibar L, Quintero L. Reduced GABA neurotransmission underlies hyperalgesia induced by repeated forced swimming stress. Behav Brain Res. 2008;189(1):159–69.PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Slimani H, Danti S, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P, Ptito M, Kupers R. Hypersensitivity to pain in congenital blindness. Pain. 2013;154(10):1973–8.PubMedCrossRef Slimani H, Danti S, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P, Ptito M, Kupers R. Hypersensitivity to pain in congenital blindness. Pain. 2013;154(10):1973–8.PubMedCrossRef
88.
89.
go back to reference McCabe CS, Haigh RC, Shenker NG, Lewis J, Blake DR. Phantoms in rheumatology. Novartis Found Symp. 2004;260:154–74 (discussion 74–8, 277–9). McCabe CS, Haigh RC, Shenker NG, Lewis J, Blake DR. Phantoms in rheumatology. Novartis Found Symp. 2004;260:154–74 (discussion 74–8, 277–9).
90.
go back to reference Wand BM, Tulloch VM, George PJ, Smith AJ, Goucke R, O’Connell NE, Moseley GL. Seeing it helps: movement-related back pain is reduced by visualization of the back during movement. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(7):602–8.PubMedCrossRef Wand BM, Tulloch VM, George PJ, Smith AJ, Goucke R, O’Connell NE, Moseley GL. Seeing it helps: movement-related back pain is reduced by visualization of the back during movement. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(7):602–8.PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Diers M, Zieglgansberger W, Trojan J, Drevensek AM, Erhardt-Raum G, Flor H. Site-specific visual feedback reduces pain perception. Pain. 2013;154(6):890–6.PubMedCrossRef Diers M, Zieglgansberger W, Trojan J, Drevensek AM, Erhardt-Raum G, Flor H. Site-specific visual feedback reduces pain perception. Pain. 2013;154(6):890–6.PubMedCrossRef
92.
go back to reference Daenen L, Nijs J, Roussel N, Wouters K, Cras P. Altered perception of distorted visual feedback occurs soon after whiplash injury: an experimental study of central nervous system processing. Pain Physician. 2012;15(5):405–13.PubMed Daenen L, Nijs J, Roussel N, Wouters K, Cras P. Altered perception of distorted visual feedback occurs soon after whiplash injury: an experimental study of central nervous system processing. Pain Physician. 2012;15(5):405–13.PubMed
93.
go back to reference Daenen L, Nijs J, Roussel N, Wouters K, Van Loo M, Cras P. Sensorimotor incongruence exacerbates symptoms in patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders: an experimental study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(8):1492–9.CrossRef Daenen L, Nijs J, Roussel N, Wouters K, Van Loo M, Cras P. Sensorimotor incongruence exacerbates symptoms in patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders: an experimental study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(8):1492–9.CrossRef
94.
go back to reference Grunnesjo MI, Bogefeldt JP, Blomberg SI, Strender LE, Svardsudd KF. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of muscle stretching, manual therapy and steroid injections in addition to ‘stay active’ care on health-related quality of life in acute or subacute low back pain. Clin Rehabil. 2011;25(11):999–1010.PubMedCrossRef Grunnesjo MI, Bogefeldt JP, Blomberg SI, Strender LE, Svardsudd KF. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of muscle stretching, manual therapy and steroid injections in addition to ‘stay active’ care on health-related quality of life in acute or subacute low back pain. Clin Rehabil. 2011;25(11):999–1010.PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Surenkok O, Aytar A, Baltaci G. Acute effects of scapular mobilization in shoulder dysfunction: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(4):493–501.PubMedCrossRef Surenkok O, Aytar A, Baltaci G. Acute effects of scapular mobilization in shoulder dysfunction: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(4):493–501.PubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Brantingham JW, Cassa TK, Bonnefin D, Pribicevic M, Robb A, Pollard H, et al. Manipulative and multimodal therapy for upper extremity and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013;36(3):143–201.PubMedCrossRef Brantingham JW, Cassa TK, Bonnefin D, Pribicevic M, Robb A, Pollard H, et al. Manipulative and multimodal therapy for upper extremity and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013;36(3):143–201.PubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Struyf F, Nijs J, Mollekens S, Jeurissen I, Truijen S, Mottram S, Meeusen R. Scapular-focused treatment in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(1):73–85.PubMedCrossRef Struyf F, Nijs J, Mollekens S, Jeurissen I, Truijen S, Mottram S, Meeusen R. Scapular-focused treatment in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(1):73–85.PubMedCrossRef
98.
go back to reference Sterling M. Differential development of sensory hypersensitivity and a measure of spinal cord hyperexcitability following whiplash injury. Pain. 2010;150(3):501–6.PubMedCrossRef Sterling M. Differential development of sensory hypersensitivity and a measure of spinal cord hyperexcitability following whiplash injury. Pain. 2010;150(3):501–6.PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Giani C, Zbinden AM, Radanov BP. Central hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury. Clin J Pain. 2001;17(4):306–15.PubMedCrossRef Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Giani C, Zbinden AM, Radanov BP. Central hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury. Clin J Pain. 2001;17(4):306–15.PubMedCrossRef
100.
go back to reference Staud R. Evidence of involvement of central neural mechanisms in generating fibromyalgia pain. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2002;4(4):299–305.PubMedCrossRef Staud R. Evidence of involvement of central neural mechanisms in generating fibromyalgia pain. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2002;4(4):299–305.PubMedCrossRef
101.
go back to reference Kaya S, Hermans L, Willems T, Roussel N, Meeus M. Central sensitization in urogynecological chronic pelvic pain: a systematic literature review. Pain Physician 2013;16(4):291–308.PubMed Kaya S, Hermans L, Willems T, Roussel N, Meeus M. Central sensitization in urogynecological chronic pelvic pain: a systematic literature review. Pain Physician 2013;16(4):291–308.PubMed
102.
go back to reference Smart KM, Blake C, Staines A, Doody C. Self-reported pain severity, quality of life, disability, anxiety and depression in patients classified with ‘nociceptive’, ‘peripheral neuropathic’ and ‘central sensitisation’ pain. The discriminant validity of mechanisms-based classifications of low back (+/– leg) pain. Man Ther. 2012;17(2):119–25.PubMedCrossRef Smart KM, Blake C, Staines A, Doody C. Self-reported pain severity, quality of life, disability, anxiety and depression in patients classified with ‘nociceptive’, ‘peripheral neuropathic’ and ‘central sensitisation’ pain. The discriminant validity of mechanisms-based classifications of low back (+/– leg) pain. Man Ther. 2012;17(2):119–25.PubMedCrossRef
103.
go back to reference Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzino B, Kenardy J. Sensory hypersensitivity occurs soon after whiplash injury and is associated with poor recovery. Pain. 2003;104(3):509–17.PubMedCrossRef Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzino B, Kenardy J. Sensory hypersensitivity occurs soon after whiplash injury and is associated with poor recovery. Pain. 2003;104(3):509–17.PubMedCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Jull G, Sterling M, Kenardy J, Beller E. Does the presence of sensory hypersensitivity influence outcomes of physical rehabilitation for chronic whiplash? – A preliminary RCT. Pain. 2007;129(1–2):28–34.PubMedCrossRef Jull G, Sterling M, Kenardy J, Beller E. Does the presence of sensory hypersensitivity influence outcomes of physical rehabilitation for chronic whiplash? – A preliminary RCT. Pain. 2007;129(1–2):28–34.PubMedCrossRef
105.
go back to reference Nijs J, Roussel N, Paul van Wilgen C, Koke A, Smeets R. Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists’ and patients’ attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Man Ther. 2013;18(2):96–102.PubMedCrossRef Nijs J, Roussel N, Paul van Wilgen C, Koke A, Smeets R. Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists’ and patients’ attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Man Ther. 2013;18(2):96–102.PubMedCrossRef
106.
go back to reference McLean SA, Clauw DJ, Abelson JL, Liberzon I. The development of persistent pain and psychological morbidity after motor vehicle collision: integrating the potential role of stress response systems into a biopsychosocial model. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(5):783–90.PubMedCrossRef McLean SA, Clauw DJ, Abelson JL, Liberzon I. The development of persistent pain and psychological morbidity after motor vehicle collision: integrating the potential role of stress response systems into a biopsychosocial model. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(5):783–90.PubMedCrossRef
107.
go back to reference Quintero L, Cardenas R, Suarez-Roca H. Stress-induced hyperalgesia is associated with a reduced and delayed GABA inhibitory control that enhances post-synaptic NMDA receptor activation in the spinal cord. Pain. 2011;152(8):1909–22.PubMedCrossRef Quintero L, Cardenas R, Suarez-Roca H. Stress-induced hyperalgesia is associated with a reduced and delayed GABA inhibitory control that enhances post-synaptic NMDA receptor activation in the spinal cord. Pain. 2011;152(8):1909–22.PubMedCrossRef
108.
go back to reference Gaab J, Baumann S, Budnoik A, Gmunder H, Hottinger N, Ehlert U. Reduced reactivity and enhanced negative feedback sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic whiplash-associated disorder. Pain. 2005;119(1–3):219–24.PubMedCrossRef Gaab J, Baumann S, Budnoik A, Gmunder H, Hottinger N, Ehlert U. Reduced reactivity and enhanced negative feedback sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic whiplash-associated disorder. Pain. 2005;119(1–3):219–24.PubMedCrossRef
109.
go back to reference Van Den Eede F, Moorkens G, Van Houdenhove B, Cosyns P, Claes SJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 2007;55(2):112–20.PubMedCrossRef Van Den Eede F, Moorkens G, Van Houdenhove B, Cosyns P, Claes SJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 2007;55(2):112–20.PubMedCrossRef
110.
go back to reference Tak LM, Cleare AJ, Ormel J, Manoharan A, Kok IC, Wessely S, Rosmalen JG. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in functional somatic disorders. Biol Psychol. 2011;87(2):183–94.PubMedCrossRef Tak LM, Cleare AJ, Ormel J, Manoharan A, Kok IC, Wessely S, Rosmalen JG. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in functional somatic disorders. Biol Psychol. 2011;87(2):183–94.PubMedCrossRef
111.
go back to reference Neeck G, Crofford LJ. Neuroendocrine perturbations in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26(4):989–1002.PubMedCrossRef Neeck G, Crofford LJ. Neuroendocrine perturbations in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26(4):989–1002.PubMedCrossRef
112.
go back to reference Wingenfeld K, Heim C, Schmidt I, Wagner D, Meinlschmidt G, Hellhammer DH. HPA axis reactivity and lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity in fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic pelvic pain. Psychosom Med. 2008;70(1):65–72.PubMedCrossRef Wingenfeld K, Heim C, Schmidt I, Wagner D, Meinlschmidt G, Hellhammer DH. HPA axis reactivity and lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity in fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic pelvic pain. Psychosom Med. 2008;70(1):65–72.PubMedCrossRef
113.
go back to reference Muhtz C, Rodriguez-Raecke R, Hinkelmann K, Moeller-Bertram T, Kiefer F, Wiedemann K, et al. Cortisol response to experimental pain in patients with chronic low back pain and patients with major depression. Pain Med. 2013;14(4):498–503.PubMedCrossRef Muhtz C, Rodriguez-Raecke R, Hinkelmann K, Moeller-Bertram T, Kiefer F, Wiedemann K, et al. Cortisol response to experimental pain in patients with chronic low back pain and patients with major depression. Pain Med. 2013;14(4):498–503.PubMedCrossRef
115.
go back to reference Khasar SG, Burkham J, Dina OA, Brown AS, Bogen O, Alessandri-Haber N, et al. Stress induces a switch of intracellular signaling in sensory neurons in a model of generalized pain. J Neurosci. 2008;28(22):5721–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Khasar SG, Burkham J, Dina OA, Brown AS, Bogen O, Alessandri-Haber N, et al. Stress induces a switch of intracellular signaling in sensory neurons in a model of generalized pain. J Neurosci. 2008;28(22):5721–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
116.
go back to reference Gockel M, Lindholm H, Niemisto L, Hurri H. Perceived disability but not pain is connected with autonomic nervous function among patients with chronic low back pain. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40(5):355–8.PubMedCrossRef Gockel M, Lindholm H, Niemisto L, Hurri H. Perceived disability but not pain is connected with autonomic nervous function among patients with chronic low back pain. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40(5):355–8.PubMedCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Tak LM, Riese H, Bock GH de, Manoharan A, Kok IC, Rosmalen JG. As good as it gets? A meta-analysis and systematic review of methodological quality of heart rate variability studies in functional somatic disorders. Biol Psychol. 2009;82(2):101–10.PubMedCrossRef Tak LM, Riese H, Bock GH de, Manoharan A, Kok IC, Rosmalen JG. As good as it gets? A meta-analysis and systematic review of methodological quality of heart rate variability studies in functional somatic disorders. Biol Psychol. 2009;82(2):101–10.PubMedCrossRef
118.
go back to reference Barakat A, Vogelzangs N, Licht CM, Geenen R, MacFarlane GJ, Geus EJ de, et al. Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and its association with the presence and intensity of chronic widespread pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(8):1209–16. Barakat A, Vogelzangs N, Licht CM, Geenen R, MacFarlane GJ, Geus EJ de, et al. Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and its association with the presence and intensity of chronic widespread pain. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(8):1209–16.
119.
go back to reference Williams DP, Chelimsky G, McCabe NP, Koenig J, Singh P, Janata J, et al. Effects of chronic pelvic pain on heart rate variability in women. J Urol. 2015;194(5):1289–94.PubMedCrossRef Williams DP, Chelimsky G, McCabe NP, Koenig J, Singh P, Janata J, et al. Effects of chronic pelvic pain on heart rate variability in women. J Urol. 2015;194(5):1289–94.PubMedCrossRef
120.
go back to reference De Couck M, Nijs J, Gidron Y. You may need a nerve to treat pain: the neurobiological rationale for vagal nerve activation in pain management. Clin J Pain. 2014;30(12):1099–105.PubMedCrossRef De Couck M, Nijs J, Gidron Y. You may need a nerve to treat pain: the neurobiological rationale for vagal nerve activation in pain management. Clin J Pain. 2014;30(12):1099–105.PubMedCrossRef
121.
go back to reference Smart KM, Blake C, Staines A, Doody C. The discriminative validity of ‘nociceptive’, ‘peripheral neuropathic’, and ‘central sensitization’ as mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clin J Pain. 2011;27(8):655–63. Smart KM, Blake C, Staines A, Doody C. The discriminative validity of ‘nociceptive’, ‘peripheral neuropathic’, and ‘central sensitization’ as mechanisms-based classifications of musculoskeletal pain. Clin J Pain. 2011;27(8):655–63.
122.
go back to reference Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B. From acute musculoskeletal pain to chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia: application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther. 2009;14(1):3–12. Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B. From acute musculoskeletal pain to chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia: application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther. 2009;14(1):3–12.
123.
go back to reference Nijs J, Meeus M, Cagnie B, Roussel N, Van Oosterwijck J, Danneels L. A modern neuroscience approach to chronic spinal pain: combining pain neuroscience education with cognition-targeted motor control training. Phys Ther. 2014;94(5):730–8 (Submitted – under review). Nijs J, Meeus M, Cagnie B, Roussel N, Van Oosterwijck J, Danneels L. A modern neuroscience approach to chronic spinal pain: combining pain neuroscience education with cognition-targeted motor control training. Phys Ther. 2014;94(5):730–8 (Submitted – under review).
Metagegevens
Titel
Wat is centrale sensitisatie en wat zijn de onderliggende mechanismen? Moderne pijnneurowetenschappen voor de klinische praktijk
Auteur
Jo Nijs
Copyright
2016
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0925-2_2