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Gepubliceerd in:

2008 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

3 Vorming en secretie van speeksel

Auteur : Prof. dr. A. van Nieuw Amerongen

Gepubliceerd in: Speeksel, speekselklieren en mondgezondheid

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Samenvatting

Mondvloeistof (totaalspeeksel) bestaat voornamelijk uit een mengsel van klierspeeksels, waarvan SM-speeksel 30-70% en PAR-speeksel 0-60% uitmaakt, afhankelijk van het stimulatieniveau; PAL-speeksel levert onder stimulatie eveneens een substantiële bijdrage (5%); de overige kleine speekselkliertjes dragen samen voor ongeveer 7% bij aan mondvloeistof (zie verder hoofdstuk 4).
De secretoire cellen van de speekselklieren zijn grotendeels gevuld met secretiegranules; zij vormen een overcapaciteit, zodat bij gezonde personen de speekselsecretie gedurende de hele dag kan worden gestimuleerd.
De secretie van de PAR kan zowel door middel van kauwen als door smaakprikkels sterk worden gestimuleerd; de SM wordt minder door kauwen gestimuleerd, maar wel door middel van smaakprikkels, zoals zuur, zoet en menthol.
De muceuze secretie gaat in rusttoestand in een laag tempo continu door; de sereuze secretie moet echter altijd worden gestimuleerd.
De intracellulaire vertaling van de verschillende neuronale stimuli verloopt verschillend. Bèta-adrenerge stimulatie induceert de vorming van cAMP; alfa-adrenerge en cholinerge stimulatie induceren de vorming van diacylglycerol (DAG) en 1,4,5-inositoltrifosfaat (IP₃) als second messengers, waardoor de intracellulaire [Ca²⁺] toeneemt.
Het primaire speeksel gelijkt in ionensamenstelling op bloedplasma; door resorptie in het afvoerkanaal worden Na⁺- en HCO₃ ^--ionen geresorbeerd en K⁺-ionen gesecreteerd, resulterend in een hypotone mondvloeistof.
Stimulatie van de speekselsecretie bevordert de mondgezondheid door mechanische reiniging (spoeleffect, pH-verhoging en toename van de concentratie aan beschermende eiwitten.

vorige hoofdstuk 2 Historisch overzicht

volgende hoofdstuk 4 Samenstelling en eigenschappen van speeksel: van dun-vloeibare tot viskeuze mondvloeistof

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Titel: 3 Vorming en secretie van speeksel
Auteur: Prof. dr. A. van Nieuw Amerongen
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek: Speeksel, speekselklieren en mondgezondheid
Print ISBN: 978-90-313-5173-2

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-313-6317-9

Copyright: 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6317-9_3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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