Top

Gepubliceerd in:

11-08-2016 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Time Judgments as a Function of Mindfulness Meditation, Anxiety, and Mindfulness Awareness

Auteurs: Sylvie Droit-Volet, Julien Heros

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 2/2017

Abstract

The first aim of this study was to examine the differences in time judgments between meditators, who already possessed mindfulness-oriented meditation experience, and control subjects. The second was to examine the immediate effect of a long mindfulness meditation session (30 min) on the judgment of short stimulus durations (from 0.8 to 2.0 s). In addition, individual characteristics in terms of cognitive, affective (anxiety, arousal), and mindful awareness were assessed to investigate the relations between time judgments and individual states. The results showed no difference between the meditators and the controls on the different types of time judgment. The regular practice of meditation therefore did not change the judgment of passage of time or the judgment of short durations. However, the participants with a higher level of mindfulness awareness experienced a slowing down of the passage of time. In addition, the immediate effect of the mindfulness meditation session was to reduce the variability of temporal judgment in all participants. This improvement was linked, at least for the longest duration (2.0 s), to the decrease in anxiety and arousal levels as a result of the mindfulness session.

vorige artikel Male Representation in Randomized Clinical Trials of Mindfulness-Based Therapies

volgende artikel Increasing Compassion in Medical Decision-Making: Can a Brief Mindfulness Intervention Help?

Alexander, C. N., Langer, E. J., Newman, R. I., Chandler, H. N., & Davies, J. L. (1989). Transcendental meditaion, Mindfulness, and longevity: An experimental study with the elderly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 950–964.CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. (2003). Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Pratice, 10(2), 125–143.

Berkovich-Ohana, A., Glicksohn, J., & Goldstein, A. (2011). Temporal cognition changes following mindfulness, but not transcendental meditation practice. Proceedings of Fechner Day, 27, 245–250.

Berkovich-Ohana, A., Glicksohn, J., & Goldstein, A. (2012). Mindfulness-induced changes in gamma band activity – Implications for the default mode network, self-reference and attention. Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(4), 700–710.CrossRefPubMed

Blewett, A. E. (1992). Abnormal subjective time experience in depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 195–200.CrossRefPubMed

Block, R. A. (1979). Time and consciousness. In G. Underwood & R. Stevens (Eds.), Aspects of consciouness (Psychological issues, Vol. 1, pp. 179–217). London: Academic.

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.CrossRefPubMed

Brown, K. W., Creswell, J. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, Research, and Practive. London: Guilford Press.

Delmonte, M. M. (1985). Meditation and anxiety reduction: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 5, 91–102.CrossRef

Droit-Volet, S. (2013). Time perception, emotions and mood disorders. Journal of Physiology - Paris, 107(4), 255–264.CrossRef

Droit-Volet, S. (2016a). Temporalités, Emotion, Humeur, et troubles de l’humeur. In E. Laurent, & P. Vandel (Eds.). De l’humeur quotidienne à la dépression sévère: Manuel pluridisciplinaire de la thymie. Éditions De Boeck-Solal (in press).

Droit-Volet, S. (2016b). Time does not fly but slow down in old age. Time & Society (in press).

Droit-Volet, S., & Meck, W. H. (2007). How emotions colour our time perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 504–513.CrossRef

Droit-Volet, S., & Wearden, J. (2015). Experience Sampling Methodology reveals similarities in the passage of time between young and elderly adults. Acta Psychologica, 156, 77–82.CrossRefPubMed

Droit-Volet, S., & Wearden, J. (2016). Passage of time judgments are not duration judgments: Evidence from a study using Experience Sampling Methodology. Frontiers in Psychology, section cognition, 7, 176. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00176.

Droit-Volet, S., Fanget, M., & Dambrun, M. (2015). Mindfulness Meditation and Relaxation Training Increases Time Sensitivity. Consciousness and Cognition, 31, 85–97.CrossRef

Friedman, W. J., & Janssen, S. M. J. (2010). Aging and the speed of time. Acta Psychologica, 134, 130–141.CrossRefPubMed

Fuchs, T. (2001). Melancholia as a desynchronisation. Psychopathology, 34, 179–186.CrossRefPubMed

Gibbon, J. (1977). Scalar expectancy theory and Weber’s law in animal timing. Psychological Review, 84, 279–325.CrossRef

Gibbon, J., Church, R. M., & Meck, W. H. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. In J. Gibbon & L. Allan (Eds.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 423: Timing and time perception (pp. 52–77). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.

Janssen, S. M. J., Naka, M., & Friedman, W. J. (2013). Why does life appear to speed up as eople get older? Time & Society, 22, 274–290.CrossRef

Jensen, C. G., Vangkilde, S., Frokjaer, V., & Hasselbach, S. G. (2012). Mindfulness training affects attention or its attentional effort. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 106–123.CrossRef

Jha, A. P., Stanley, E. A., Kiyonaga, A., Wog, L. N., & Gelfand, L. (2010). Examining the protective effects of mindfulness training on working memory capacity and affective experience. Emotion, 10, 54–65.CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156.

Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K., Pbert, L., et al. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936–943.CrossRefPubMed

Kramer, R. S. S., Weger, U. W., & Sharma, D. (2013). The effect of mindfulness on time perception. Consciousness and Cognition, 22, 846–852.CrossRefPubMed

Lamotte, M., Chakroun, N., Droit-Volet, S., & Izaute, M. (2014). Metacognitive questionnaire on time: Feeling of passage of time. Timing and Time Perception, 2, 339–359.CrossRef

Langer, E. J. (1990). Mindfulness. Reading, MA: AddisonWesley.

Lewis, P. A., & Miall, R. C. (2009). The precision of temporal judgement: Milliseconds, many minutes, and beyond. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B., 364, 1897–1905.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Maharishi Mahesh, Y. (1969). On the Bhagavad Gita: A new translation and commentary. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.

Matell, M. S., & Meck, W. H. (2000). Neuropsychological mechanisms of interval timing behavior. Bioessays, 22, 94–103.CrossRefPubMed

Mayer, J. D., & Gaschke, Y. N. (1988). The experience and meta-experience of mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 102–111.CrossRefPubMed

Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945). Phénoménologie de la perception. Domont: Gallimard.

Minkowski, E. (1988). Le temps vécu. Imago Mundi: Brionne (réedition Delachaux et Niestlé, 1968).

Moroni, C., & Bayard, S. (2009). Processus d’inhibition : quelle est leur évolution après 50 ans ? Psychologie et Neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement, 2, 121–129.

Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(6), 768–774.CrossRefPubMed

Ratcliffe, M. (2012). Varieties of Temporal Experience in Depression. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 37, 114–138.CrossRefPubMed

Rosenthal, M. D. (2011). Transcendence: healing and transformation through transcendental meditation. New York: Tarcher/Penguin.

Schötz, E., Otten, S., Wittmann, M., Schimidt, S., Kohls, N., & Meissner, K. (2015). Time perception, mindfulness and attentional capacities in transcendental meditators and matched controls. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 16–21.CrossRef

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1998). A compendium of neurospychological tests: Administration, Norms and Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Thönes, S., & Oberfeld, D. (2015). Time perception in depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 359–372.CrossRefPubMed

Wechsler, D. A. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.

Williams, J. M. G., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2011). Mindfulness: diverse perspectives on its meaning, origins, and multiple applications at the intersection of science and dharma. Contempory Buddhusm, 12(1), 1–18.CrossRef

Wittmann, M., & Lehnhoff, S. (2005). Age effects in the perception of time. Psychological Reports, 97, 921–935.PubMed

Wittmann, M., Otten, S., Schötz, E., Sarikaya, A., Lehnen, H., Jo, H.-G., et al. (2015). Subjective expansion of extended time-spans in experienced meditators. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 1586. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01586.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 77, 1271–1288.CrossRef

Titel: Time Judgments as a Function of Mindfulness Meditation, Anxiety, and Mindfulness Awareness
Auteurs: Sylvie Droit-Volet
Julien Heros
Publicatiedatum: 11-08-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0597-6

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2017

The Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Perceived Parenting, Early Maladaptive Schemata and Parental Sense of Competence

Using Item Response Theory to Explore the Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)

The Meaning and Doing of Mindfulness: The Role of Values in the Link Between Mindfulness and Well-Being

Yoga

A Dual-Process Perspective on Mindfulness, Memory, and Consciousness

The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion Between Mindfulness and Compassion Fatigue Among Therapists in Hong Kong