Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine 5/2005

01-10-2005

The Effects of Perceived Stress on Reactions to Messages Designed to Increase Health Behaviors

Auteur: Murray Millar

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 5/2005

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study examined the impact of perceived stress on responses to messages that encouraged the performance of health promotion and disease detection behaviors. It was hypothesized that increases in perceived stress would be associated with decreased processing of messages encouraging disease detection behaviors, and that increases in perceived stress would not effect the processing of messages encouraging health promotion behaviors. To test these hypotheses participants completed a perceived stress measure and then read a message that encouraged the performance of either a health promotion or a disease detection behavior. Then the participants were asked to indicate their agreement with the message and to attempt to recall the message. The results indicated that participants experiencing higher levels of perceived stress spent less time reading and recalled less of the messages about detection behaviors than of the messages about promotion behaviors. When participants were experiencing lower levels of perceived stress these differences disappeared.
Voetnoten
1
Two participants failed to complete the procedures and were not included in any of the statistical analyses.
 
2
When gender was applied as variable to each of the analyses it was not involved in any significant effects.
 
3
Aiken and West (1991) suggest that differences between the groups be examined at one SD above and below the mean. Although the predicted interaction between Behavior Type and Stress Level was obtained, there were not significant differences between the detection behavior group and promotion behavior groups at one SD above the mean. Only when more extreme scores were used (scores that were 1.5 SD below the mean) did the difference between the detection group and promotion group at low levels of stress disappear.
 
4
The reading time data in this study, like most response time measures, was skewed with some trials being very slow. All analyses of reading time data reported in this paper have been subjected to a logarithmic transformation (see Kirk (1986) and Smith and Lerner (1986) for discussions of response latency transformations).
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Aiken, L., and West, S. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpretating interactions. Sage, Newbury Park, CA. Aiken, L., and West, S. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpretating interactions. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
go back to reference Ashby, W., Sandy, J., and Yaeger, A. (2002). Stress and smoking in adolescence: A test of directional hypothesis. Health Psychol. 21: 122–130.CrossRef Ashby, W., Sandy, J., and Yaeger, A. (2002). Stress and smoking in adolescence: A test of directional hypothesis. Health Psychol. 21: 122–130.CrossRef
go back to reference Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51: 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51: 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bentler, P. (1995). EQS Structural Equations Program Manual. Encino. Multivariate Software, CA. Bentler, P. (1995). EQS Structural Equations Program Manual. Encino. Multivariate Software, CA.
go back to reference Blumberg, S. (2000). Guarding against threatening HIV prevention messages: An information-processing model. Health Educ. Behav. 27: 780–795.PubMedCrossRef Blumberg, S. (2000). Guarding against threatening HIV prevention messages: An information-processing model. Health Educ. Behav. 27: 780–795.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cacioppo, J., and Petty, R. (1982). The need for cognition. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 42: 116–131.CrossRef Cacioppo, J., and Petty, R. (1982). The need for cognition. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 42: 116–131.CrossRef
go back to reference Cacioppo, J., and Petty, R. (1989). Effects of message repetition on argument processing, recall, and persuasion. Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. 10: 3–12.CrossRef Cacioppo, J., and Petty, R. (1989). Effects of message repetition on argument processing, recall, and persuasion. Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. 10: 3–12.CrossRef
go back to reference Chaiken, S., and Maheswaran, D. (1994). Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 66: 460–473.PubMedCrossRef Chaiken, S., and Maheswaran, D. (1994). Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 66: 460–473.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chen, E., Lewn, M., and Craske, M. (1996). Effects of state anxiety on selective processing of threatening information. Cogn. Emot. 10: 225–240.CrossRef Chen, E., Lewn, M., and Craske, M. (1996). Effects of state anxiety on selective processing of threatening information. Cogn. Emot. 10: 225–240.CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, S. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In Spacapan, S., and Oskamp, S. (Eds.), The social psychology of health. The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 31–67. Cohen, S. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In Spacapan, S., and Oskamp, S. (Eds.), The social psychology of health. The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 31–67.
go back to reference Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. J. Health Soc. Behav. 24: 385–396.PubMedCrossRef Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. J. Health Soc. Behav. 24: 385–396.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, S., and Williamson, G. (1991). Stress and infectious disease in humans. Psychol. Bull. 109: 5–24.PubMedCrossRef Cohen, S., and Williamson, G. (1991). Stress and infectious disease in humans. Psychol. Bull. 109: 5–24.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cole, S. (1999). Assessment of differential item functioning in the Perceived Stress Scale–10. J. of Epi. & Comm. Health 53: 319–320. Cole, S. (1999). Assessment of differential item functioning in the Perceived Stress Scale–10. J. of Epi. & Comm. Health 53: 319–320.
go back to reference Galant, M., and Connell, C. (1998). The stress process among dementia spouse caregivers: Are caregivers at risk for negative health behavior change. Res. Aging 20: 267–297.CrossRef Galant, M., and Connell, C. (1998). The stress process among dementia spouse caregivers: Are caregivers at risk for negative health behavior change. Res. Aging 20: 267–297.CrossRef
go back to reference Gleicher, F., and Petty, R. (1992). Expectations of reassurance influence the nature of fear-stimulated attitude change. J. Exper. Soc. Psychol. 28: 86–100.CrossRef Gleicher, F., and Petty, R. (1992). Expectations of reassurance influence the nature of fear-stimulated attitude change. J. Exper. Soc. Psychol. 28: 86–100.CrossRef
go back to reference Janis, I. L. (1984). Improving adherence to medical recommendations: Prescriptive hypotheses derived for recent research in social psychology. In Baum, A., Taylor, S. E., and Singer, J. (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and Health, Vol. 4. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, pp. 113–148. Janis, I. L. (1984). Improving adherence to medical recommendations: Prescriptive hypotheses derived for recent research in social psychology. In Baum, A., Taylor, S. E., and Singer, J. (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and Health, Vol. 4. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, pp. 113–148.
go back to reference Jepson, C., and Chaiken, S. (1990). Chronic issue-specific fear inhibits systematic processing of persuasive communications. J. Soc. Behav. Pers. 5: 61–68. Jepson, C., and Chaiken, S. (1990). Chronic issue-specific fear inhibits systematic processing of persuasive communications. J. Soc. Behav. Pers. 5: 61–68.
go back to reference Jones, D., Harel, Y., and Levinson, R. (1992). Living arrangements, knowledge of health risks, and stress as determinants of health-risk behavior among college students. J. Am. Coll. Health 41: 43–48.PubMed Jones, D., Harel, Y., and Levinson, R. (1992). Living arrangements, knowledge of health risks, and stress as determinants of health-risk behavior among college students. J. Am. Coll. Health 41: 43–48.PubMed
go back to reference Kirk, R. E. (1986). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA. Kirk, R. E. (1986). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA.
go back to reference Kirscht, J. (1983). Preventive health behavior: A review of research and issues. Health Psychol. 2: 277–301.CrossRef Kirscht, J. (1983). Preventive health behavior: A review of research and issues. Health Psychol. 2: 277–301.CrossRef
go back to reference Langlie, J. (1977). Social networks, health beliefs, and preventive health behavior. J. Health Soc. Behav. 18: 244–260.PubMedCrossRef Langlie, J. (1977). Social networks, health beliefs, and preventive health behavior. J. Health Soc. Behav. 18: 244–260.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lerman, C., Trock, B., Rimer, B., Jepson, C., Brody, D., and Boyce, A. (1991). Psychological side effects of breast cancer screening. Health Psychol. 10: 259–267.PubMedCrossRef Lerman, C., Trock, B., Rimer, B., Jepson, C., Brody, D., and Boyce, A. (1991). Psychological side effects of breast cancer screening. Health Psychol. 10: 259–267.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Leventhal, H. (1970). Findings and theory in the study of fear communications. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 5, Academic Press, New York, pp. 119–186. Leventhal, H. (1970). Findings and theory in the study of fear communications. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 5, Academic Press, New York, pp. 119–186.
go back to reference Leventhal, H., and Cameron, L. (1987). Behavioral theories and the problem of compliance. Patient Educ. Counsel. 10: 117–138.CrossRef Leventhal, H., and Cameron, L. (1987). Behavioral theories and the problem of compliance. Patient Educ. Counsel. 10: 117–138.CrossRef
go back to reference Leventhal, H., Safer, M., and Panagis, D. (1983). The impact of communications on the self-regulation of health beliefs, decisions, and behavior. Health Educ. Q. 10: 3–29.PubMed Leventhal, H., Safer, M., and Panagis, D. (1983). The impact of communications on the self-regulation of health beliefs, decisions, and behavior. Health Educ. Q. 10: 3–29.PubMed
go back to reference Mackie, D., and Asuncion, A. (1990). On-line and memory-based modification of attitudes: Determinants of message recall-attitude change correspondence. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 59: 5–16.PubMedCrossRef Mackie, D., and Asuncion, A. (1990). On-line and memory-based modification of attitudes: Determinants of message recall-attitude change correspondence. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 59: 5–16.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Maddux, J. (1993). Social cognitive models of health and exercise behavior: An introduction and review of conceptual issues. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 5: 116–140.CrossRef Maddux, J. (1993). Social cognitive models of health and exercise behavior: An introduction and review of conceptual issues. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 5: 116–140.CrossRef
go back to reference Miller, S. M. (1987). Monitoring and blunting: Validation of a questionnaire to assess styles of information seeking under threat. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 52: 345–353.PubMedCrossRef Miller, S. M. (1987). Monitoring and blunting: Validation of a questionnaire to assess styles of information seeking under threat. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 52: 345–353.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Miller, S. M., and Brody, D. (1988). Styles of coping with threat: Implications for health. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54: 142–148.PubMedCrossRef Miller, S. M., and Brody, D. (1988). Styles of coping with threat: Implications for health. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54: 142–148.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Millar, M., and Millar, K. U. (1993). Affective and cognitive responses to disease detection and health promotion behaviors. J. Behav. Med. 16: 1–23.PubMedCrossRef Millar, M., and Millar, K. U. (1993). Affective and cognitive responses to disease detection and health promotion behaviors. J. Behav. Med. 16: 1–23.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Millar, M., and Millar, K. U. (1995). Negative affective consequences of thinking about disease detection behaviors. Health Psychol. 14: 1–6.CrossRef Millar, M., and Millar, K. U. (1995). Negative affective consequences of thinking about disease detection behaviors. Health Psychol. 14: 1–6.CrossRef
go back to reference Millar, M., and Millar, K. (1999). The effects of coping primes on responses to messages about disease detection behaviors. Psychol. Health 15: 1–11. Millar, M., and Millar, K. (1999). The effects of coping primes on responses to messages about disease detection behaviors. Psychol. Health 15: 1–11.
go back to reference Miller, S. M., Roussi, P., Caputo, G., and Kruus, L. (1995). Patterns of children's coping with an aversive dental treatment. Health Psychol. 14: 236–246.PubMedCrossRef Miller, S. M., Roussi, P., Caputo, G., and Kruus, L. (1995). Patterns of children's coping with an aversive dental treatment. Health Psychol. 14: 236–246.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Monroe, S. M. (1982). Life events and disorder: Event-symptom associations and the course of disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 91: 14–24.PubMedCrossRef Monroe, S. M. (1982). Life events and disorder: Event-symptom associations and the course of disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 91: 14–24.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Murray, M., and McMillan, C. (1993). Health beliefs, locus of control, emotional control and women's cancer screening behaviour. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 32: 87–100.PubMed Murray, M., and McMillan, C. (1993). Health beliefs, locus of control, emotional control and women's cancer screening behaviour. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 32: 87–100.PubMed
go back to reference Payne, N., Jones, F., and Harris, P. (2002). The impact of working life on health behavior: The effect of job strain on the cognitive predictors of exercise. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 7: 342–353.PubMedCrossRef Payne, N., Jones, F., and Harris, P. (2002). The impact of working life on health behavior: The effect of job strain on the cognitive predictors of exercise. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 7: 342–353.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pbert, L., Doerfler, L., and DeCosimo, D. (1992). An evaluation of the perceived stress scale in two clinical populations. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 14: 363–375.CrossRef Pbert, L., Doerfler, L., and DeCosimo, D. (1992). An evaluation of the perceived stress scale in two clinical populations. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 14: 363–375.CrossRef
go back to reference Petty, R., and Cacioppo, J. (1990). Involvement and persuasion: Tradition versus integration. Psychol. Bull. 107: 367–374.CrossRef Petty, R., and Cacioppo, J. (1990). Involvement and persuasion: Tradition versus integration. Psychol. Bull. 107: 367–374.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, E. R., and Lerner, M. (1986). Development of automatism of social judgments. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 50: 246–259.CrossRef Smith, E. R., and Lerner, M. (1986). Development of automatism of social judgments. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 50: 246–259.CrossRef
go back to reference Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., Pollar, T., and Canaan, L. (1996). Stress, social support and health-related behavior: A study of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical exercise. J. Psychosom. Res. 41: 171–180.PubMedCrossRef Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., Pollar, T., and Canaan, L. (1996). Stress, social support and health-related behavior: A study of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical exercise. J. Psychosom. Res. 41: 171–180.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tappe, M., Duda, J., and Ehrnwald, P. (1989). Perceived barriers to exercise among adolescents. J. School Health 59: 153–155.PubMedCrossRef Tappe, M., Duda, J., and Ehrnwald, P. (1989). Perceived barriers to exercise among adolescents. J. School Health 59: 153–155.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wardle, J., and Gibson, E. (2002). Impact of stress on diet: Processes and implications. In Standsfeld, S., and Marmot, M. (Eds.), Stress and the heart: Psycholsocial pathways to coronary heart disease. BMJ Books, Williston, VT, pp. 124–149. Wardle, J., and Gibson, E. (2002). Impact of stress on diet: Processes and implications. In Standsfeld, S., and Marmot, M. (Eds.), Stress and the heart: Psycholsocial pathways to coronary heart disease. BMJ Books, Williston, VT, pp. 124–149.
go back to reference Watson, D. (1988). Intraindividual and interindividual analyses of positive and negative affect: Their relation to health complaints, perceived stress, and daily activities. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54: 1020–1030.PubMedCrossRef Watson, D. (1988). Intraindividual and interindividual analyses of positive and negative affect: Their relation to health complaints, perceived stress, and daily activities. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54: 1020–1030.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wine, J. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of attention. Psychol. Bull. 76: 91–104.CrossRef Wine, J. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of attention. Psychol. Bull. 76: 91–104.CrossRef
go back to reference Wine, J. (1979). Test anxiety and evaluation threat: Children's behavior in the classroom. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 7: 5–59.CrossRef Wine, J. (1979). Test anxiety and evaluation threat: Children's behavior in the classroom. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 7: 5–59.CrossRef
go back to reference Zvolensky, M., Goodie, J., Ruggiero, K., Black, A., Larkin, K., and Taylor, B. (2002). Perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity in the prediction of anxiety-related responding: A multichallenge evaluation. Anxiety Stress Coping: Int. J. 15: 211–229.CrossRef Zvolensky, M., Goodie, J., Ruggiero, K., Black, A., Larkin, K., and Taylor, B. (2002). Perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity in the prediction of anxiety-related responding: A multichallenge evaluation. Anxiety Stress Coping: Int. J. 15: 211–229.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
The Effects of Perceived Stress on Reactions to Messages Designed to Increase Health Behaviors
Auteur
Murray Millar
Publicatiedatum
01-10-2005
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 5/2005
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-005-9009-4

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2005

Journal of Behavioral Medicine 5/2005 Naar de uitgave