Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

15-09-2017 | Empirical Research

The Cost of Being Cool: How Adolescent Pseudomature Behavior Maps onto Adult Adjustment

Auteurs: Leslie Gordon Simons, Tara E. Sutton, Sarah Shannon, Mark T. Berg, Frederick X. Gibbons

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

During adolescence, one's status among peers is a major concern. Such status is often largely a function of popularity and establishing oneself as “cool.” While there are conventional avenues to achieving status among adolescents, engaging in adult-like, or pseudomature, behaviors such as substance use or sexual activity is a frequent occurrence. Although past research has examined the consequences of adolescent delinquency, what remains unclear is the long-term fate of adolescents who are both popular and antisocial. Using data from a sample of African American males (N = 339) we employ latent class analysis to examine the adult consequences of achieving popularity during adolescence by engaging in pseudomature behavior. Our results identified four classes of adolescents: the conventionals, the pseudomatures, the delinquents, and the detached. The conventionals were low on popularity, pseudomature behavior, and affiliation with deviant peers but high on academic commitment. The pseudomatures were high on popularity, adult-like behavior, and academic commitment but low on affiliation with delinquent peers. The delinquents were low on popularity and school achievement but high on pseudomature behavior and affiliations with delinquent peers. Finally, the detached were low on school commitment, popularity and pseudomature behavior but they report high involvement with a delinquent peer group. By early adulthood, the costs of adolescent adult-like behavior were evident. Early popularity and academic commitment did not portend later social competence or college completion for the pseudomatures. Instead, they frequently experienced an early transition to parenthood, a likely consequence of precocious sexual activity. These findings suggest that interventions should not focus only on the most delinquent adolescents but also need to attend to the pseudomature students who are brimming with promise but are flirting with behaviors that may subvert realization of this potential.
Literatuur
go back to reference Allen, J. P., Schad, M. M., Oudekerk, B., & Chango, J. (2014). What ever happened to the “cool” kids? Long-term sequelae of early adolescent pseudomature behavior. Child Development, 85(5), 1866–1880.PubMedPubMedCentral Allen, J. P., Schad, M. M., Oudekerk, B., & Chango, J. (2014). What ever happened to the “cool” kids? Long-term sequelae of early adolescent pseudomature behavior. Child Development, 85(5), 1866–1880.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Arbeau, K. J., Galambos, N. L., & Jansson, S. (2007). Dating, sex, and substance use as correlates of adolescents’ subjective experience of age. Journal of Adolescence, 30(3), 435–447.CrossRefPubMed Arbeau, K. J., Galambos, N. L., & Jansson, S. (2007). Dating, sex, and substance use as correlates of adolescents’ subjective experience of age. Journal of Adolescence, 30(3), 435–447.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.CrossRefPubMed Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S., & Stone, M. R. (2001). Whatever happened to the jock, the brain, and the princess? Young adult pathways linked to adolescent activity involvement and social identity. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16(5), 429–455.CrossRef Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S., & Stone, M. R. (2001). Whatever happened to the jock, the brain, and the princess? Young adult pathways linked to adolescent activity involvement and social identity. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16(5), 429–455.CrossRef
go back to reference Berg, M. T., Burt, C. H., Lei, M. K., Simons, L. G., Stewart, E. A., & Simons, R. L. (2016). Neighborhood social processes and adolescent sexual partnering. Social Forces, 94(4), 1823–1846.CrossRef Berg, M. T., Burt, C. H., Lei, M. K., Simons, L. G., Stewart, E. A., & Simons, R. L. (2016). Neighborhood social processes and adolescent sexual partnering. Social Forces, 94(4), 1823–1846.CrossRef
go back to reference Bergman, L. R., & Magnusson, D. (1997). A person-oriented approach in research on developmental psychopathology. Developmental Psychopathology, 9(2), 291–319.CrossRef Bergman, L. R., & Magnusson, D. (1997). A person-oriented approach in research on developmental psychopathology. Developmental Psychopathology, 9(2), 291–319.CrossRef
go back to reference Butler-Barnes, S. T., Chavous, T. M., Hurd, N., & Varner, F. (2013). African American adolescents’ academic persistence: A strength-based approach. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(9), 1443–1458.CrossRefPubMed Butler-Barnes, S. T., Chavous, T. M., Hurd, N., & Varner, F. (2013). African American adolescents’ academic persistence: A strength-based approach. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(9), 1443–1458.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Rodkin, P., & Xie, H. (1998). New directions in developmental research: Models and methods. In R. Jessor (Ed.), New perspectives on adolescent risk behavior (pp. 13–50). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Rodkin, P., & Xie, H. (1998). New directions in developmental research: Models and methods. In R. Jessor (Ed.), New perspectives on adolescent risk behavior (pp. 13–50). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Carter, P. L. (2003). “Black” cultural capital, status positioning, and schooling conflicts for low-income African American youth. Social Problems, 50(1), 136–155.CrossRef Carter, P. L. (2003). “Black” cultural capital, status positioning, and schooling conflicts for low-income African American youth. Social Problems, 50(1), 136–155.CrossRef
go back to reference Caspi, A., Bem, D. J., & Elder, G. H. (1989). Continuities and consequences of interactional styles across the life course. Journal of Personality, 57(2), 375–406.CrossRefPubMed Caspi, A., Bem, D. J., & Elder, G. H. (1989). Continuities and consequences of interactional styles across the life course. Journal of Personality, 57(2), 375–406.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chan, W. Y., Ou, S. R., & Reynolds, A. J. (2014). Adolescent civic engagement and adult outcomes: An examination among urban racial minorities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(11), 1829–1843.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chan, W. Y., Ou, S. R., & Reynolds, A. J. (2014). Adolescent civic engagement and adult outcomes: An examination among urban racial minorities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(11), 1829–1843.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2002). A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 6–20.CrossRefPubMed Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2002). A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 6–20.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cillessen, A., van Ijzendoom, H., van Lieshout, C., & Hartup, W. (1992). Heterogeneity among peer rejected boys: Subtypes and stabilities. Child Development, 63(4), 893–905.CrossRef Cillessen, A., van Ijzendoom, H., van Lieshout, C., & Hartup, W. (1992). Heterogeneity among peer rejected boys: Subtypes and stabilities. Child Development, 63(4), 893–905.CrossRef
go back to reference Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1998). Aggression and antisocial behavior. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social emotional, and personality development (5th ed.). (pp. 779–862). New York: Wiley. Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1998). Aggression and antisocial behavior. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social emotional, and personality development (5th ed.). (pp. 779–862). New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Doornwaard, S. M., Branje, S., Meeus, W. H. J., & ter Bogt, T. F. M. (2012). Development of adolescents’ peer crowd identification in relation to changes in problem behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 48(5), 1366–1380.CrossRefPubMed Doornwaard, S. M., Branje, S., Meeus, W. H. J., & ter Bogt, T. F. M. (2012). Development of adolescents’ peer crowd identification in relation to changes in problem behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 48(5), 1366–1380.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Menard, S. (1989). Multiple problems youth: Delinquency, substance use, and mental health problems. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.CrossRef Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Menard, S. (1989). Multiple problems youth: Delinquency, substance use, and mental health problems. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.CrossRef
go back to reference Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton. Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
go back to reference Evans, S. Z., Simons, L. G., & Simons, R. L. (2016). Factors that influence trjactories of delinquency throughout adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 156–171.CrossRefPubMed Evans, S. Z., Simons, L. G., & Simons, R. L. (2016). Factors that influence trjactories of delinquency throughout adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 156–171.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference French, D. C. (1988). Heterogeneity of peer-rejected boys: Aggressive and nonaggressive subtypes. Child Development, 59(4), 976–985.CrossRefPubMed French, D. C. (1988). Heterogeneity of peer-rejected boys: Aggressive and nonaggressive subtypes. Child Development, 59(4), 976–985.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Galambos, N. L., Albrecht, A. K., & Jansson, S. M. (2009). Dating, sex, and substance use predict increases in adolescents’ subjective age across two years. International Journal of Behavior Development, 33(1), 32–41.CrossRef Galambos, N. L., Albrecht, A. K., & Jansson, S. M. (2009). Dating, sex, and substance use predict increases in adolescents’ subjective age across two years. International Journal of Behavior Development, 33(1), 32–41.CrossRef
go back to reference Galambos, N. L., & Tilton-Weaver, L. C. (2000). Adolescents’ psychological maturity, problem behavior, and subjective age: In search of the adultoid. Applied Developmental Science, 4(4), 178–192.CrossRef Galambos, N. L., & Tilton-Weaver, L. C. (2000). Adolescents’ psychological maturity, problem behavior, and subjective age: In search of the adultoid. Applied Developmental Science, 4(4), 178–192.CrossRef
go back to reference Garg, R., Melanson, S., & Levin, E. (2007). Educational aspirations of male and female adolescents from single-parent and two biological parent families: A comparison of influential factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(8), 1010–1023.CrossRef Garg, R., Melanson, S., & Levin, E. (2007). Educational aspirations of male and female adolescents from single-parent and two biological parent families: A comparison of influential factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(8), 1010–1023.CrossRef
go back to reference Gavin, L. A., & Furman, W. (1989). Age differences in adolescents’ perceptions of their peer groups. Developmental Psychology, 25(5), 827–834.CrossRef Gavin, L. A., & Furman, W. (1989). Age differences in adolescents’ perceptions of their peer groups. Developmental Psychology, 25(5), 827–834.CrossRef
go back to reference Gibbons, F. X., Etcheverry, P. E., Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Weng, C. Y., Kiviniemi, M., & O/Hara, R. E. (2010). Exploring the link between racial discrimination and substance use: What mediates? What buffers? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 785–801.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gibbons, F. X., Etcheverry, P. E., Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Weng, C. Y., Kiviniemi, M., & O/Hara, R. E. (2010). Exploring the link between racial discrimination and substance use: What mediates? What buffers? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 785–801.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Hagan, J. (1991). Destiny and drift: Subcultural preferences, status attainments, and the risks and rewards of youth. American Sociological Review, 56(5), 567–582.CrossRef Hagan, J. (1991). Destiny and drift: Subcultural preferences, status attainments, and the risks and rewards of youth. American Sociological Review, 56(5), 567–582.CrossRef
go back to reference Harper, S. R., & Davis, III, C. H. F. (2012). They (don’t) care about education: A counternarrative on black male s students’ responses to inequitable schooling. The Journal of Educational Foundations, 26, 103–120. Harper, S. R., & Davis, III, C. H. F. (2012). They (don’t) care about education: A counternarrative on black male s students’ responses to inequitable schooling. The Journal of Educational Foundations, 26, 103–120.
go back to reference Heckhausen, J., Chang, E. S., Greenberger, E., & Chen, C. (2013). Striving for educational and career goals during the transition after high school: What is beneficial? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1385–1398.CrossRefPubMed Heckhausen, J., Chang, E. S., Greenberger, E., & Chen, C. (2013). Striving for educational and career goals during the transition after high school: What is beneficial? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1385–1398.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hoskins, D. H., & Simons, L. G. (2015). Predicting the risk of pregnancy among African American youth: Testing a s social contextual model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 1163–1174.CrossRef Hoskins, D. H., & Simons, L. G. (2015). Predicting the risk of pregnancy among African American youth: Testing a s social contextual model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 1163–1174.CrossRef
go back to reference Houlihan, A. E., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Yeh, H. C., Reimer, R. A., & Murry, V. M. (2008). Sex and the self: The impact of early sexual onset on the self-concept and subsequent risky behavior of African American adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 28(1), 70–91.CrossRef Houlihan, A. E., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Yeh, H. C., Reimer, R. A., & Murry, V. M. (2008). Sex and the self: The impact of early sexual onset on the self-concept and subsequent risky behavior of African American adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 28(1), 70–91.CrossRef
go back to reference Jamison, R. S., Wilson, T., & Ryan, A. (2015). Too school for school? The relationship between coolness and academic reputation in early adolescence. Social Development, 24(2), 384–403.CrossRef Jamison, R. S., Wilson, T., & Ryan, A. (2015). Too school for school? The relationship between coolness and academic reputation in early adolescence. Social Development, 24(2), 384–403.CrossRef
go back to reference LaFontana, K. M., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2010). Developmental changes in the priority of perceived status in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 19(1), 130–147.CrossRef LaFontana, K. M., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2010). Developmental changes in the priority of perceived status in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 19(1), 130–147.CrossRef
go back to reference Lansford, J. E., Killeya-Jones, L. A., Miller, S., & Costanzo, P. R. (2009). Early adolescents’ social standing in peer groups: Behavioral correlates of stability and change. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(8), 1084–1095.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lansford, J. E., Killeya-Jones, L. A., Miller, S., & Costanzo, P. R. (2009). Early adolescents’ social standing in peer groups: Behavioral correlates of stability and change. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(8), 1084–1095.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Li, Y., & Wright, M. (2014). Adolescents’ social status goals: Relationships, insecurity, aggression, and proscoail behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 4(1), 146–160.CrossRef Li, Y., & Wright, M. (2014). Adolescents’ social status goals: Relationships, insecurity, aggression, and proscoail behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 4(1), 146–160.CrossRef
go back to reference Mayeux, L., Sandstrom, M. J., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2008). Is being popular a risky proposition? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(1), 49–74.CrossRef Mayeux, L., Sandstrom, M. J., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2008). Is being popular a risky proposition? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(1), 49–74.CrossRef
go back to reference Meisinger, E. B., Blake, J. J., Lease, A. M., Palardy, G. J., & Olejnik, S. F. (2007). Variant and invariant predictors of perceived popularity across majority-black and majority-white classrooms. Journal of School Psychology, 45(1), 21–44.CrossRef Meisinger, E. B., Blake, J. J., Lease, A. M., Palardy, G. J., & Olejnik, S. F. (2007). Variant and invariant predictors of perceived popularity across majority-black and majority-white classrooms. Journal of School Psychology, 45(1), 21–44.CrossRef
go back to reference Messerschmdit, J. W. (2005). Men, masculinities, and crime. In M. S. Kimmel, J. Hearn & R. W. Connell (Eds.), Handbook of studies on men & masculinities (pp. 196–212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRef Messerschmdit, J. W. (2005). Men, masculinities, and crime. In M. S. Kimmel, J. Hearn & R. W. Connell (Eds.), Handbook of studies on men & masculinities (pp. 196–212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRef
go back to reference Miller, S., Lansford, J. E., Costanzo, P., Malone, P. S., Golonka, M., & Killeya-Jones, L. A. (2009). Early adolescent romantic partner status, peers, and problem behaviors. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29(6), 839–861.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Miller, S., Lansford, J. E., Costanzo, P., Malone, P. S., Golonka, M., & Killeya-Jones, L. A. (2009). Early adolescent romantic partner status, peers, and problem behaviors. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29(6), 839–861.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701.CrossRefPubMed Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus user’s guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus user’s guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
go back to reference Ogbu, J. U. (2004). Collective identity and the burden of “acting White” in Black history, community, and education. The Urban Review, 36(1), 1–35.CrossRef Ogbu, J. U. (2004). Collective identity and the burden of “acting White” in Black history, community, and education. The Urban Review, 36(1), 1–35.CrossRef
go back to reference O’Hara, R. E., Gibbons, F. X., Weng, C. Y., Gerrard, M., & Simons, R. L. (2012). Perceived racial discrimination as a barrier to college enrollment for African Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(1), 77–89.CrossRefPubMed O’Hara, R. E., Gibbons, F. X., Weng, C. Y., Gerrard, M., & Simons, R. L. (2012). Perceived racial discrimination as a barrier to college enrollment for African Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(1), 77–89.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Parkhurst, J. T., & Hopmeyer, A. (1998). Sociometric popularity and peer-perceived popularity: Two distinct dimensions of peer status. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 18(2), 125–144.CrossRef Parkhurst, J. T., & Hopmeyer, A. (1998). Sociometric popularity and peer-perceived popularity: Two distinct dimensions of peer status. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 18(2), 125–144.CrossRef
go back to reference Prinstein, M. J., Choukas-Bradley, S. C., Helms, S. W., Brechwald, W. A., & Rancourt, D. (2011). High peer popularity longitudinally predicts adolescent health risk behavior, or does it?: An examination of linear and quadratic associations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36(9), 980–990.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Prinstein, M. J., Choukas-Bradley, S. C., Helms, S. W., Brechwald, W. A., & Rancourt, D. (2011). High peer popularity longitudinally predicts adolescent health risk behavior, or does it?: An examination of linear and quadratic associations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36(9), 980–990.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rodkin, P. C., Farmer, T. W., Pearl, R., & Van Acker, R. (2000). Heterogeneity of popular boys: Antisocial and prosocial configurations. Developmental Psychology, 36(1), 14–24.CrossRefPubMed Rodkin, P. C., Farmer, T. W., Pearl, R., & Van Acker, R. (2000). Heterogeneity of popular boys: Antisocial and prosocial configurations. Developmental Psychology, 36(1), 14–24.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2), 147–177.CrossRefPubMed Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2), 147–177.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimensions of a model. Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464.CrossRef Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimensions of a model. Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464.CrossRef
go back to reference Sclove, S. L. (1987). Application of model-selection criteria to some problems in multivariate analysis. Pschometrika, 52, 333–343.CrossRef Sclove, S. L. (1987). Application of model-selection criteria to some problems in multivariate analysis. Pschometrika, 52, 333–343.CrossRef
go back to reference Simons, L. G., & Conger, R. D. (2007). Linking mother–father differences in parenting to a typology of family parenting styles and adolescent outcomes. Journal of Family Issues, 28(2), 212–241. Simons, L. G., & Conger, R. D. (2007). Linking mother–father differences in parenting to a typology of family parenting styles and adolescent outcomes. Journal of Family Issues, 28(2), 212–241.
go back to reference Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., Landor, A. M., Bryant, C. M., & Beach, S. R. H. (2014a). Factors linking childhood experiences to adult romantic relationships among African Americans. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(5), 368–379.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., Landor, A. M., Bryant, C. M., & Beach, S. R. H. (2014a). Factors linking childhood experiences to adult romantic relationships among African Americans. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(5), 368–379.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Simons, L. G., Wickrama, K. A. S., Lee, T. K., Landers‐Potts, M., Cutrona, C., & Conger, R. D. (2016). Testing family stress and family investment explanations for conduct problems among African American adolescents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(2), 498–515.CrossRef Simons, L. G., Wickrama, K. A. S., Lee, T. K., Landers‐Potts, M., Cutrona, C., & Conger, R. D. (2016). Testing family stress and family investment explanations for conduct problems among African American adolescents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(2), 498–515.CrossRef
go back to reference Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., & Su, X. (2013). Consequences of corporal punishment among African Americans: The importance of context and outcome. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(8), 1273–1285. Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., & Su, X. (2013). Consequences of corporal punishment among African Americans: The importance of context and outcome. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(8), 1273–1285.
go back to reference Simons, R. L Burt, C. H Barr, A Lei, M. K Stewart, E. A (2014b). Incorporating routine activities, activity spaces, and situational definitions into the social schematic theory of crime. Criminology, 52(4), 655–687CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Simons, R. L Burt, C. H Barr, A Lei, M. K Stewart, E. A (2014b). Incorporating routine activities, activity spaces, and situational definitions into the social schematic theory of crime. Criminology, 52(4), 655–687CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Simons, R. L., Lei, M. K., Beach, R. H. Brody, G. H., Philibert, R., & Gibbons, F. (2011). Social environmental variation, plasticity genes, and aggression: Evidence for the differential susceptibility hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 76(6), 883–912. Simons, R. L., Lei, M. K., Beach, R. H. Brody, G. H., Philibert, R., & Gibbons, F. (2011). Social environmental variation, plasticity genes, and aggression: Evidence for the differential susceptibility hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 76(6), 883–912.
go back to reference Simons, R. L., Simons, L. G., Lei, M. K., & Landor, A. M. (2012). Relational schemas, romantic relationships and beliefs about marriage among African American adolescents. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 29, 77–101. Simons, R. L., Simons, L. G., Lei, M. K., & Landor, A. M. (2012). Relational schemas, romantic relationships and beliefs about marriage among African American adolescents. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 29, 77–101.
go back to reference Sussman, S., Pokhrel, P., Ashmore, R. D., & Brown, B. B. (2007). Adolescent peer group identification and characteristics: A review of the literature. Addictive Behaviors, 32(80), 1602–1627.CrossRefPubMed Sussman, S., Pokhrel, P., Ashmore, R. D., & Brown, B. B. (2007). Adolescent peer group identification and characteristics: A review of the literature. Addictive Behaviors, 32(80), 1602–1627.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Szwedo, D. E., Hessel, E. T., & Allen, J. P. (2017). Supportive romantic relationships as predictors of resilience against early adolescent maternal negativity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(2), 454–465.CrossRefPubMed Szwedo, D. E., Hessel, E. T., & Allen, J. P. (2017). Supportive romantic relationships as predictors of resilience against early adolescent maternal negativity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(2), 454–465.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Young, J. (2014). “Role magnets”? An empirical investigation of popularity trajectories for life-course persistent individuals during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(1), 104–115.CrossRefPubMed Young, J. (2014). “Role magnets”? An empirical investigation of popularity trajectories for life-course persistent individuals during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(1), 104–115.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (1999). Stability, change and individual differences in involvement with friends and romantic partners among adolescent females. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(4), 419–443.CrossRef Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (1999). Stability, change and individual differences in involvement with friends and romantic partners among adolescent females. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(4), 419–443.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
The Cost of Being Cool: How Adolescent Pseudomature Behavior Maps onto Adult Adjustment
Auteurs
Leslie Gordon Simons
Tara E. Sutton
Sarah Shannon
Mark T. Berg
Frederick X. Gibbons
Publicatiedatum
15-09-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0743-z