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2023 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

6. Radiobiologie

Auteur : Dr. N. A. P. Franken

Gepubliceerd in: Stralingsdeskundigheid in de praktijk

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

Ioniserende straling induceert een scala van biologische en moleculaire effecten in cellen. Het belangrijkste effect dat straling veroorzaakt is DNA-schade. De meeste van die schade kan goed gerepareerd worden door de verschillende DNA-herstelmechanismen. DNA-dubbelstrengbreuken zijn de ergste vorm van schade die ioniserende straling kan induceren. Ook tumorcellen kunnen hun DNA goed repareren. Daarom zijn veel combinatiebehandelingen met radiotherapie erop gericht om het DNA-herstel te remmen, bijvoorbeeld hyperthermie of bepaalde chemotherapeutica. De verschillende soorten straling kunnen de schade direct of indirect, via radicaalvorming, induceren. De directe schade wordt veelal geïnduceerd door geladen deeltjes, zoals elektronen, protonen of alfadeeltjes. De indirecte schade wordt door ongeladen deeltjes geïnduceerd, zoals neutronen en gammastraling. Patiënten die na radiotherapie veel bijwerkingen vertonen hebben vaak een lagere expressie van DNA-herstelgenen voor het dubbelstrengbreukherstel. Hierdoor zou dit type herstel minder effectief kunnen werken.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Radiobiologie
Auteur
Dr. N. A. P. Franken
Copyright
2023
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2938-0_6