Plain English summary
Introduction
Materials and methods
Design
Data collection
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Tell me about the main symptoms/side-effects you have experienced since completing your initial cancer treatment?
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How do these symptoms affect your daily life?
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With regard to your cancer, could you tell me about the worries you have for you or your family?
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How have your family and friends helped you since completing your initial cancer treatment?
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Has having cancer had any impact on your relationships with your family and friends?
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Could you tell me about any positive changes or experiences in your life since completing your cancer treatment?
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Could you tell me about any negative changes or experiences in your life since completing your cancer treatment?
Rigor
Data analysis and integration
Results
Sample characteristics
Characteristic | Response | Questionnaire (N = 304) | Interview (N = 22) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Demographic context variables | |||||
Age | < 65 years | 93 | 32.9 | 10 | 45.5 |
≥ 65 years | 190 | 67.1 | 12 | 54.5 | |
Gender | Female | 126 | 44.2 | 10 | 45.5 |
Male | 159 | 55.8 | 12 | 54.5 | |
Living arrangements | Lives with others | 231 | 81.3 | 18 | 81.8 |
Lives alone | 53 | 18.7 | 4 | 18.2 | |
Area of residence | Urban | 215 | 76.5 | 12 | 54.5 |
Rural | 66 | 23.5 | 10 | 45.5 | |
Change in employment status since diagnosis | Remained/became employed | 71 | 25.0 | 9 | 40.9 |
Remained unemployed | 167 | 58.8 | 9 | 40.9 | |
Became unemployed | 46 | 16.2 | 4 | 18.2 | |
Private health insurance | Yes | 138 | 48.3 | 13 | 59.1 |
No | 148 | 51.7 | 9 | 40.9 | |
Ethnicity | Irish | 274 | 95.5 | 22 | 100.0 |
Other | 13 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Diagnosis | Colon | 191 | 64.1 | 13 | 59.1 |
Rectum | 69 | 23.2 | 7 | 31.8 | |
Other | 38 | 12.8 | 2 | 9.1 | |
Time since diagnosis | < 2 years | 110 | 39.6 | 7 | 31.8 |
≥ 2 years | 168 | 60.4 | 15 | 68.2 | |
Radiotherapy | No radiotherapy | 228 | 76.0 | 12 | 54.5 |
Any radiotherapy | 72 | 24.0 | 10 | 45.5 | |
Chemotherapy | No chemotherapy | 125 | 41.7 | 3 | 13.6 |
Any chemotherapy | 175 | 58.3 | 19 | 86.4 | |
Surgery | No surgery | 26 | 8.7 | 2 | 9.1 |
Any surgery | 273 | 91.3 | 20 | 90.9 | |
Stoma | Never had a stoma | 153 | 53.5 | 10 | 45.5 |
Stoma reversed | 78 | 27.3 | 7 | 31.8 | |
Stoma present | 55 | 19.2 | 5 | 22.7 | |
Disease status | In remission | 228 | 82.9 | 20 | 90.9 |
Any active disease | 47 | 17.1 | 2 | 9.1 | |
Comorbidities | None | 62 | 22.1 | 4 | 18.2 |
One or more | 218 | 77.9 | 18 | 81.8 |
QoL in CRC survivorship
Source | Side-effect | Symptom prevalence | No problem reported with symptom | Problem reported with symptom | OR | 95% confidence interval | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % with lower FACT-C score | n | % with lower FACT-C score | Lower | Upper | ||||
EuroQOL | Mobility | 85 | 28.8 | 90 | 42.9 | 66 | 77.6 | 4.632 | 2.596 | 8.263 | ≤ 0.001 |
Self-care | 18 | 6.1 | 140 | 50.4 | 17 | 94.4 | 16.757 | 2.200 | 127.647 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Engagement with usual activities | 108 | 36.7 | 68 | 36.6 | 88 | 81.5 | 7.635 | 4.318 | 13.500 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Pain or discomfort | 98 | 33.7 | 77 | 39.9 | 77 | 78.6 | 5.524 | 3.149 | 9.690 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Anxiety or depression | 88 | 29.9 | 84 | 40.8 | 71 | 80.7 | 6.066 | 3.337 | 11.028 | ≤ 0.001 | |
PWB | Fatigue | 197 | 68.4 | 17 | 18.7 | 132 | 67.0 | 8.840 | 4.827 | 16.189 | ≤ 0.001 |
Nausea | 33 | 13.3 | 91 | 42.3 | 31 | 93.9 | 21.121 | 4.928 | 90.517 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Meeting family needs | 60 | 22.9 | 78 | 38.6 | 54 | 90.0 | 14.308 | 5.877 | 34.831 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Pain | 79 | 30.3 | 62 | 34.1 | 70 | 88.6 | 15.054 | 7.049 | 32.148 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Problem with side-effects | 91 | 34.6 | 68 | 39.5 | 65 | 71.4 | 3.824 | 2.210 | 6.614 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Feeling ill | 32 | 12.3 | 100 | 43.7 | 31 | 96.9 | 39.990 | 5.367 | 297.973 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Bed bound | 58 | 22.0 | 82 | 39.8 | 53 | 91.4 | 16.029 | 6.147 | 41.798 | ≤ 0.001 | |
SWB | Close to friends | 120 | 43.0 | 49 | 30.8 | 91 | 75.8 | 7.044 | 4.119 | 12.048 | ≤ 0.001 |
Emotional support from family | 94 | 34.3 | 64 | 35.6 | 75 | 79.8 | 7.155 | 3.971 | 12.890 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Support from friends | 129 | 47.8 | 38 | 27.0 | 98 | 76.0 | 8.569 | 4.948 | 14.838 | ≤ 0.001 | |
My family have accepted my illness | 56 | 20.0 | 90 | 40.2 | 53 | 94.6 | 26.304 | 7.975 | 86.761 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Satisfaction with communication about illness | 67 | 24.3 | 80 | 38.3 | 60 | 89.6 | 13.821 | 6.021 | 31.729 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Feeling close to partner | 51 | 23.0 | 67 | 39.2 | 41 | 80.4 | 6.364 | 2.987 | 13.559 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Satisfied with sexual function | 102 | 65.8 | 18 | 34.0 | 63 | 61.8 | 3.141 | 1.568 | 6.292 | 0.001 | |
EWB | Feeling sad | 116 | 42.0 | 46 | 28.8 | 90 | 77.6 | 8.579 | 4.926 | 14.938 | ≤ 0.001 |
Satisified with cancer-related coping | 126 | 43.8 | 55 | 34.0 | 92 | 73.0 | 5.264 | 3.160 | 8.770 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Losing hope | 21 | 7.6 | 116 | 45.7 | 21 | 100.0 | 1.181 | 1.100 | 1.268 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Feeling nervous | 110 | 40.1 | 58 | 35.4 | 78 | 70.9 | 4.455 | 2.645 | 7.503 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Worried about death | 121 | 43.7 | 60 | 38.5 | 79 | 65.3 | 3.010 | 1.836 | 4.933 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Worry about worsening condition | 143 | 51.3 | 51 | 37.5 | 91 | 63.6 | 2.917 | 1.793 | 4.744 | ≤ 0.001 | |
FWB | Able to work | 157 | 56.5 | 23 | 19.0 | 117 | 74.5 | 12.463 | 6.986 | 22.234 | ≤ 0.001 |
Work is fulfilling | 152 | 57.1 | 22 | 19.3 | 109 | 71.7 | 10.600 | 5.912 | 19.007 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Able to enjoy life | 133 | 47.2 | 31 | 20.8 | 111 | 83.5 | 19.205 | 10.490 | 35.160 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Accepted illness | 88 | 31.3 | 70 | 36.3 | 70 | 79.5 | 6.833 | 3.768 | 12.393 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Sleeping well | 167 | 59.0 | 31 | 26.7 | 112 | 67.1 | 5.584 | 3.310 | 9.417 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Enjoying hobbies | 147 | 52.3 | 28 | 20.9 | 113 | 76.9 | 12.582 | 7.144 | 22.161 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Satisfied with QoL | 155 | 54.0 | 20 | 15.2 | 126 | 81.3 | 24.331 | 13.037 | 45.409 | ≤ 0.001 | |
CCS | Abdominal swelling or cramps | 79 | 28.2 | 76 | 37.8 | 64 | 81.0 | 7.018 | 3.736 | 13.181 | ≤ 0.001 |
Weight loss | 50 | 17.9 | 102 | 44.3 | 37 | 74.0 | 3.572 | 1.803 | 7.074 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Bowel control | 160 | 56.9 | 35 | 28.9 | 106 | 66.3 | 4.823 | 2.892 | 8.046 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Digesting food | 125 | 44.5 | 46 | 29.5 | 99 | 79.2 | 9.105 | 5.242 | 15.817 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Diarrhoea | 115 | 40.9 | 59 | 35.5 | 81 | 70.4 | 4.321 | 2.591 | 7.204 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Appetite | 111 | 38.9 | 53 | 30.5 | 91 | 82.0 | 10.388 | 5.805 | 18.587 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Appearance | 202 | 73.7 | 9 | 12.5 | 128 | 63.4 | 12.108 | 5.692 | 25.756 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Difficulty urinating | 49 | 17.6 | 108 | 47.2 | 31 | 63.3 | 1.930 | 1.021 | 3.645 | 0.041 | |
Urinary frequency | 139 | 49.6 | 62 | 44.0 | 80 | 57.6 | 1.728 | 1.077 | 2.773 | 0.023 | |
Urinary leakage | 94 | 33.8 | 78 | 42.4 | 60 | 63.8 | 2.398 | 1.437 | 4.003 | 0.001 | |
Symptom | Breathing difficulties | 68 | 24.5 | 85 | 40.5 | 58 | 85.3 | 8.529 | 4.129 | 17.619 | ≤ 0.001 |
Changes in taste | 49 | 17.8 | 96 | 42.3 | 45 | 91.8 | 15.352 | 5.340 | 44.132 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Concentration | 113 | 42.5 | 51 | 33.3 | 85 | 75.2 | 6.071 | 3.526 | 10.455 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Constipation | 102 | 37.2 | 74 | 43.0 | 66 | 64.7 | 2.428 | 1.464 | 4.027 | 0.001 | |
Dry congested nose | 81 | 29.7 | 80 | 41.7 | 60 | 74.1 | 4.000 | 2.253 | 7.100 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Dry/itchy/sore skin | 110 | 40.4 | 66 | 40.7 | 75 | 68.2 | 3.117 | 1.873 | 5.186 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Feeling swollen | 54 | 20.1 | 91 | 42.3 | 45 | 83.3 | 6.813 | 3.170 | 14.643 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Hot flushes | 59 | 21.1 | 101 | 45.9 | 43 | 72.9 | 3.166 | 1.683 | 5.959 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Irritability | 109 | 39.4 | 60 | 35.7 | 82 | 75.2 | 5.467 | 3.194 | 9.356 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Memory loss | 126 | 45.7 | 56 | 37.3 | 86 | 68.3 | 3.609 | 2.189 | 5.951 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Mood swings | 111 | 40.2 | 58 | 35.2 | 85 | 76.6 | 6.031 | 3.503 | 10.383 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Sore/dry mouth | 62 | 22.2 | 93 | 42.9 | 51 | 82.3 | 6.182 | 3.055 | 12.509 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Tingling in hands/feet | 131 | 47.0 | 63 | 42.6 | 80 | 61.1 | 2.116 | 1.311 | 3.417 | 0.002 | |
SDI | Independence | 47 | 16.7 | 106 | 45.3 | 41 | 87.2 | 8.252 | 3.373 | 20.185 | ≤ 0.001 |
Domestic chores | 92 | 32.6 | 76 | 40.0 | 72 | 78.3 | 5.400 | 3.041 | 9.589 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Personal care | 27 | 9.6 | 121 | 47.8 | 24 | 88.9 | 8.727 | 2.563 | 29.718 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Care of dependents | 28 | 10.5 | 111 | 46.4 | 26 | 92.9 | 14.991 | 3.480 | 64.584 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Family difficulties with support | 18 | 6.7 | 124 | 49.4 | 15 | 83.3 | 5.121 | 1.447 | 18.127 | 0.005 | |
Benefits | 28 | 10.4 | 115 | 47.5 | 23 | 82.1 | 5.080 | 1.870 | 13.802 | 0.001 | |
Financial difficulties | 71 | 25.4 | 89 | 42.8 | 57 | 80.3 | 5.444 | 2.854 | 10.386 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Financial services | 47 | 16.9 | 107 | 46.3 | 37 | 78.7 | 4.288 | 2.036 | 9.031 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Work difficulties | 27 | 10.4 | 112 | 48.3 | 24 | 88.9 | 8.571 | 2.512 | 29.253 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Future plans | 49 | 17.9 | 103 | 45.8 | 40 | 81.6 | 5.264 | 2.439 | 11.360 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Family communication | 52 | 18.0 | 107 | 45.1 | 44 | 84.6 | 6.682 | 3.016 | 14.806 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Communication with others | 38 | 13.1 | 116 | 46.0 | 35 | 92.1 | 13.678 | 4.100 | 45.633 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Sexual concerns | 74 | 28.7 | 86 | 46.7 | 48 | 64.9 | 2.104 | 1.204 | 3.677 | 0.008 | |
Family planning | 10 | 4.4 | 114 | 52.1 | 8 | 80.0 | 3.684 | 0.765 | 17.744 | 0.083 | |
Body image | 80 | 28.0 | 85 | 41.3 | 63 | 78.8 | 5.275 | 2.886 | 9.644 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Isolation | 72 | 25.3 | 89 | 41.8 | 60 | 83.3 | 6.966 | 3.540 | 13.709 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Mobility/transport | 42 | 14.6 | 111 | 45.1 | 40 | 95.2 | 24.324 | 5.751 | 102.888 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Living arrangements | 36 | 12.4 | 121 | 47.6 | 30 | 83.3 | 5.496 | 2.211 | 13.660 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Recreational activities | 83 | 28.6 | 79 | 38.2 | 73 | 88.0 | 11.828 | 5.769 | 24.249 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Travel plans | 89 | 31.2 | 72 | 36.7 | 75 | 84.3 | 9.226 | 4.864 | 17.502 | ≤ 0.001 |
Prevalence of survivorship issues
Impact of survivorship issues
Theme 1: The vestiges of colorectal cancer—loss and control | |
Subtheme 1.1: Living with loss | |
Q1.1 | “I have very finicky work, small bolts and nuts or in awkward places … when it is cold, I have to make doubly sure, be careful, don’t drop this, because it would drop somewhere, it might never again be found.” [RSM048] |
Q1.2 | “I could fall over easily if my foot catches in anything at all. If there’s a stone up, a rock maybe, above the level of the ground and I just catch it, I could go off balance and fall. I’m falling all over the place… every time I go out into the garden unless I’m careful.” [PCM015] |
Q1.3 | “I can’t drive anymore, which I really miss … I feel my whole independence is gone and that’s the saddest thing for me anyway. [My husband] is great … he drives me everywhere, he brings me to all my appointments, and we do the shopping together, things that he has never had to do … but he does everything now you see … anytime I go off for a wedding I’ll be gone before the night is even half-finished, I’d stay for the meal … my legs would be paining me under the table and [my husband], he’d just take me home, because it’s just not worth it. So, all that is kind of stopped … It makes you feel that you’re being left behind.” [ESM073] |
Q1.4 | “I have constant diarrhoea, I would have five, six, maybe even seven bowel movements a day, so I never like to be too far from a toilet … and that has affected my confidence in going out, it would make me more inclined to stay in … I am probably giving up on a social life sooner than I should be.” [RSM028] |
Q1.5 | “I'm always conscious of it because it’s very obvious. No matter what I wear, I feel I can’t hide the stoma, especially if I'm wearing something lighter than this. You can actually see the ridge of the stoma, the opening because it’s actually sitting up on top of the hernia … so ascetically it would bother me a little bit.” [RCM001] |
Q1.6 | “It’s permanent … [I told myself], it’s the bag or the box, so when it’s that choice, of course, you choose life.” [ESM087] |
Q1.7 | “I had no sensation … you don’t realise you're going to the toilet. I had an ileostomy, as they call it, which is very high up and you don’t actually realise half the time that you're going … I could wake-up in the morning, and you’re a baby again, it might have come away.” [ESM036] |
Subtheme 1.2: Striving to regain, maintain and reconceptualise control | |
Q1.8 | “I have to manage that [diet] myself, on a trial of hit and miss. There’s been no shortage of effort in [Hospital] to assist me on that. But the knowledge basis is very shallow, I would say … the individualisation of treatment seems to be a recurring theme.” [ESM043] |
Q1.9 | “Before it was reversed to what I have now [ileostomy], that was a strenuous time, because it wasn’t getting any better no matter what was [done] food wise … I was fighting so much with my body to not have to get that done … but I had to understand myself; I wasn’t going to have any quality of life at all, I’d never be able to go out in any sense.” [RCM049] |
Q1.10 | “My specialist subject is all accessible toilets within an hour’s walk of my home. I know all the toilets in town, anywhere I go, even subconsciously at this stage.” [ESM036] |
Q1.11 | “I find I can’t take things in as well as before. It takes me longer if I’ve to read a complicated report now … I’m a bit more forgetful, but sure that’s probably age.” [ESM005] |
Q1.12 | “Well there is, yes, a slight, a loss of energy but a certain amount of that is down to age too, I'm going to be seventy now in two months, so you have to accept that you're not as fit as you were when you were twenty-five.” [ESM006] |
Q1.13 | “When I was undergoing the chemo, I had problems sleeping, so I would spend a lot of time down in the kitchen. I baked a lot of bread at four o’clock in the morning, and four o’clock in the morning is still a time when I’d wake up … maybe half the nights of the week and I’m back in the kitchen shall we say. I’m not physically in the kitchen, but mentally I can feel that chill, those cold thoughts.” [ESM043] |
Theme 2: The shadow of colorectal cancer—fear and vigilance | |
Subtheme 2.1: Living in the shadow of colorectal cancer | |
Q2.1 | “I’d probably end up in a wheelchair if I got more chemo. So that’s my biggest worry that it would come back, and I couldn’t have treatment … every time I feel ‘God will I be called back? … My brother that died, his death had an awful effect on me because he had a terrible death.” [ESM073] |
Q2.2 | “While I had no symptoms of bowel cancer before the surgery, I have had all the symptoms that you are told to look out for since the surgery. That is, I have constant diarrhoea, I would have maybe five, six, maybe even seven bowel movements a day.” [RSM028] |
Q2.3 | “You'll never have a headache again, it’ll be a brain tumour … you'll think worst case scenario, and that is me, I have turned into that person … you wake in the morning, how am I? … Am I okay? … Is that different from one I've had before? … Which of the symptoms is that now? Which thing is that now?” [ESM036] |
Subtheme 2.2: Striving for vigilance | |
Q2.4 | “Every time it comes up that you’ve to go back for a scan or a colonoscopy, or whatever, you worry a little bit that they're going to find something again. You see somebody who’s never had cancer doesn’t have that worry, but once you’ve had it you have that worry all the time that they're going to find something else, that it's going to appear again or its spread somewhere else.” [ESM006] |
Q2.5 | “I’m certainly more keen on maintaining a position where perhaps the symptom might come up and you notice very early … and not doubting myself … I’m making a note of something and make sure that I am seeing somebody.” [ESM043] |
Q2.6 | “You can get a bit paranoid and then you start thinking you’re bothering people. Ringing up the nurses to get my bloods done … just to check, all that kind of thing.” [ESM043] |
Q2.7 | “I've spent a fortune on consultants, my doctor is fed up listening to me and it just turns you into someone like that.” [ESM036] |
Theme 3: Living beyond colorectal cancer—impact and benefit | |
Subtheme 3.1: Living with the impact of colorectal cancer | |
Q3.1 | “[Social welfare] is €188 whether you like it or not and then you’ve to do the juggling … I need €25 of electric, I need €25 worth of gas, I need €10 on the bin to be collected, I have to pay €50 a week rent. And that is reality … it's like your diet, people saying eat organic meat … change my diet … I can't afford it.” [RSM027] |
Q3.2 | “I suppose… one of my fears when I was diagnosed with cancer was ‘Oh my god, will I get back to work or…?’ It’s all ‘Will I? Will I? Will I?’ So, I was delighted to get back to work, absolutely thrilled to get back to work.” [ESM087] |
Q3.3 | “I went back to work maybe two days a week, I finished my treatment in March, and I didn’t go back to work until August … [My] local doctor advised me strongly to take as much time off as I could because once you were back at work, you were back at work.” [ESM005] |
Q3.4 | “I was coming home, I would have my dinner, I'd go to bed, and I'd drag myself out of the bed in the morning, so I just couldn’t hack it.” [ESM036] |
Q3.5 | “I miss my long-haul holidays … there's the money side of the social life as well and the holidays … since I did the course and starting [teaching], I've a new group of friends … so that’s a whole new thing that’s going to open. Now I joined the library, I never joined a library before in my life.” [ESM036] |
Q3.6 | “I only heard afterwards that [my husband] was very worried. And my children, they think I’m invincible and the idea of it, they were so shocked.” [ESM121] |
Q3.7 | “I tell you cancer is a very lonely place because no matter how many people are around you and want to help, you’re in it on your own … When you’re sick yourself you know how you’re getting along, you know how you’re feeling, you know that you just need to rest … You don’t know how the other person is; you don’t know if they’re feeling stronger today or they’re feeling weaker today or what you can do to help them. Now my brother is like me, ‘Go away, don’t bother me,’ when I’m sick I really want to be on my own … but I found I worried much more about him.” [PCM026] |
Q3.8 | “[I] don’t have a partner anymore, [I’m] single and not really into the whole dating thing, I don’t know if that’s got anything to do with cancer and the stoma, I don’t know, maybe?” [ESM087] |
Q3.9 | “Fortunately, I’m in a long-term relationship. Again, if I was younger, and perhaps was dating, I’m not quite sure how I’d handle that.” [ESM043] |
Q3.10 | “When people look at you, they think ‘Oh god look at your feet, your feet look perfect,’ and you’d say [it’s peripheral neuropathy], and they can’t understand, they think it’s all in your head.” [ESM073] |
Q3.11 | “If you hurt or break your arm … you can freely talk about it, but to start talking to people, even people that are very close to you, about your bowel movement or whatever, nobody wants to know because the toilet is a place that’s just for one at a time.” [RCM049] |
Subtheme 3.2: Striving to find benefits in the experience of cancer | |
Q3.12 | “I don’t know how it affects other people, there was a woman down the road there, she’s dead now, God rest her, but she got neuropathy after cancer, she could hardly walk, she got it really bad. I’m counting my blessings; it’s not stopping me getting around.” [PCM015] |
Q3.13 | “I do some unofficial home visits to neighbours and friends who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer and use a stoma. I tell them what works for me and keep the chat very upbeat and positive. I tell them they can ask me anything and they do because we can be empathetic.” [RCM001] |
Q3.14 | “I did put the word out in the oncology ward, I told them in there … that if anybody wanted to talk about it or was due to go through it and wanted to talk about it on a one-to-one basis that I would be quite willing to do that.” [RCM013] |
Q3.15 | “I have told all of my friends, a lot of whom were invited [to BowelScreen] but hadn’t bothered filling in the form … so I've been advocating to every one of the age to make sure that they do that.” [PCM018] |
Q3.16 | “I think that if I had had somebody coming around to do the changing of the bag for me all the time I'd have developed a poor me attitude. I reckon that it was better for me that I was left to do it myself.” [RCM013] |
Q3.17 | “Just waiting for your life to start [and] get back to where you were. Sometimes you think you’re never going to get there, there is nothing that’s going to take this away from you … I have to have hope and then [my husband] gives me great hope, he keeps saying ‘there will, there’ll be something that will come on the market that will help.’” [ESM073] |