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Gepubliceerd in: Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 4/2001

01-08-2001 | Artikelen

Obesitas: een prangend probleem in de kindergeneeskunde

Auteurs: K. Casteels, J. Vinckx

Gepubliceerd in: Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde | Uitgave 4/2001

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Samenvatting

Gedurende de laatste decennia is in onze Westerse maatschappij obesitas sterk toegenomen. In de Verenigde Staten heeft 50% van de bevolking last van overgewicht of obesitas, in Europa is dat ongeveer 30%. Ook bij kinderen en adolescenten is de frequentie van obesitas toegenomen: deze is ongeveer 10% in de Verenigde Staten. Wat de etiologie betreft, spelen zowel genetische als omgevingsfactoren een rol. Monogenetische vormen van obesitas zijn zeer zeldzaam, maar wetenschappelijk wel interessant omdat ze ons meer inzicht verschaffen in de pathogenese van obesitas. De meeste vormen van obesitas zijn multifactorieel bepaald: zowel genetische factoren als omgevingsfactoren verhogen de gevoeligheid van het individu om obesitas te ontwikkelen. Beide factoren bepalen ook de doelwaarde voor vetweefsel, de ‘adipostat’. Deze doelwaarde verklaart waarom het vaak zo moeilijk is voor adipeuze personen om gewicht te verliezen.
Obesitas op de kinderleeftijd leidt op korte termijn vooral tot psychosociale problemen en op lange termijn tot een ernstige morbiditeit. De beste behandeling van obesitas is preventie, maar op dit ogenblik bestaan er nog niet veel efficiënte preventieprogramma's. Als kinderen of adolescenten reeds adipeus zijn, steunt de behandeling op drie belangrijke pijlers: dieet, sport en gedragsverandering. Het is van belang niet slechts te streven naar normalisatie van het lichaamsgewicht, maar ook naar het behoud van een normaal gewicht op de lange termijn.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Obesitas: een prangend probleem in de kindergeneeskunde
Auteurs
K. Casteels
J. Vinckx
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2001
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde / Uitgave 4/2001
Print ISSN: 0376-7442
Elektronisch ISSN: 1875-6840
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03061334

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