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Cognitive Therapy and Research
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 2/2018

05-08-2017 | Original Article

Not Just a Non-specific Factor: Moderators of the Effect of Within- and Between-Clients Alliance on Outcome in CBT

Auteurs: Sigal Zilcha-Mano, J. Christopher Muran, Catherine F. Eubanks, Jeremy D. Safran, Arnold Winston

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2018

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Abstract

The working alliance is one of the most consistent predictors of outcome. Yet, little empirical knowledge exists on how therapists can use this association to maximize the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for individual clients. The present study aimed to examine pre-treatment client interpersonal characteristics that determine what function the alliance should fulfill in order to maximize its effect on outcome. We did so by identifying moderators of the within- and between-clients effects on outcome. Data of 185 clients receiving CBT treatment was disaggregated to study the effects of the within- and between-clients alliance on outcome. Findings suggest that for clients who described themselves as overly cold and were described by their therapists as low on intrusiveness, state-like strengthening of alliance predicted better outcome, and that for clients not overly cold but overly exploitable, the general tendency of the client to report stronger alliance was associated with better outcome.
vorige artikel Expectancies, Working Alliance, and Outcome in Transdiagnostic and Single Diagnosis Treatment for Anxiety Disorders: An Investigation of Mediation
volgende artikel When is it Effective to Focus on the Alliance? Analysis of a Within-Client Moderator
Voetnoten
1
Severe major depression was diagnosed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV-Axis I.
 
2
Conditional inference trees estimate a regression relationship by binary recursive partitioning within a conditional inference framework. The algorithm operates as follows: (a) test the global null hypothesis of independence between any of the predictors and the outcome; stop if this hypothesis cannot be rejected, otherwise select the input variable with the strongest association with the outcome; this association is measured by a p value corresponding to a test for the partial null hypothesis of a single predictor and of the response; (b) implement a binary split in the selected predictor; (c) recursively repeat steps (a) and (b).
 
3
Because the average correlation within the total score and the subscales was 0.37, the statistical methods used to search for moderators enabled us to introduce both the total and the subscale scores. Conceptually, the total score and the subscales represent distinct types of information regarding the client’s interpersonal tendencies and difficulties. The total score represents the client’s degree of interpersonal distress, whereas the subscales represent the nature of the client’s interpersonal problems, identifying the client’s specific area of interpersonal difficulty (Horowitz et al. 2000). We conducted a sensitivity analysis without the total score and obtained the same findings.
 
4
In a post hoc analysis, we examined the ability of the interaction between overly cold and overly exploitable pre-treatment characteristics to directly affect treatment outcome (rather than affect the association between the trait-like component of alliance and outcome). The analysis revealed that the interaction between overly cold and overly exploitable characteristics failed to significantly predict outcome [F (1, 3017) = 0.5, p = .47].
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Not Just a Non-specific Factor: Moderators of the Effect of Within- and Between-Clients Alliance on Outcome in CBT
Auteurs
Sigal Zilcha-Mano
J. Christopher Muran
Catherine F. Eubanks
Jeremy D. Safran
Arnold Winston
Publicatiedatum
05-08-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9866-5

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