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Gepubliceerd in: Huisarts en wetenschap 5/2015

01-05-2015 | Nascholing

Multipele sclerose in de huisartsenpraktijk

Auteurs: Tim Alleman, dr. Bob van Oosten

Gepubliceerd in: Huisarts en wetenschap | Uitgave 5/2015

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Samenvatting

Alleman TWH, Van Oosten BW. Multipele sclerose in de huisartsenpraktijk. Huisarts Wet 2015;58(5):258-63.
Multipele sclerose (MS) is de meestvoorkomende chronische neurologische aandoening onder jongvolwassenen. De gemiddelde huisartsenpraktijk bevat hoogstens enkele patiënten, maar er is vaak wel intensief contact met hen. Het is een ziekte met zowel een inflammatoire als een neurodegeneratieve component, die zowel de witte als de grijze stof betreft. De exacte etiologie is niet bekend. MS kent bij 85% van de gevallen aanvankelijk een relapsing-remitting beloop (RRMS) en bij de overige gevallen van het begin af aan een geleidelijke verslechtering: primair progressieve MS (PPMS). Bij elke patiënt onder de veertig jaar met in uren tot dagen ontstane neurologische uitvalsverschijnselen die langer dan een etmaal aanhouden, moet men aan de diagnose MS denken. Meestvoorkomende presentaties zijn een neuritis optica, ruggenmergsyndroom of hersenstamsyndroom. Om de diagnose te stellen, moeten er minimaal twee verschillende episodes van uitval zijn geweest, vanuit verschillende lokalisaties in het centrale zenuwstelsel: ‘disseminatie in tijd en plaats’. Met MRI-onderzoek is het tegenwoordig soms mogelijk de diagnose na één klinische episode te stellen, indien de MRI zowel verse als oude laesies laat zien. De diagnose kan dus sneller worden gesteld dan vroeger. De behandeling kan daardoor eventueel ook eerder beginnen. De ziekte is echter nog steeds niet te genezen. Er zijn de laatste jaren behandelingen op de markt gekomen die effectiever en/of gemakkelijker in het gebruik zijn. De krachtiger middelen hebben soms wel een gevaarlijker bijwerkingen- en interactieprofiel. Hier kan de huisarts mee te maken krijgen. Acute exacerbaties van MS kan men behandelen met intraveneus methylprednisolon, waardoor exacerbaties weliswaar sneller, maar niet vollediger herstellen. Depressies en angststoornissen komen vaak voor, maar worden niet altijd gesignaleerd. Het is belangrijk hier alert op te zijn, omdat ze een grote impact hebben op de kwaliteit van leven. Andere veelvoorkomende symptomen zijn pijn, spasticiteit, moeheid en cognitieve stoornissen. Deze symptomen zijn deels goed te behandelen.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Multipele sclerose in de huisartsenpraktijk
Auteurs
Tim Alleman
dr. Bob van Oosten
Publicatiedatum
01-05-2015
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Huisarts en wetenschap / Uitgave 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0018-7070
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5912
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12445-015-0137-y

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