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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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25-11-2020

Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: Testing the Explanatory Power of a Diathesis-Anxiety Model

Auteurs: Jae Wan Choi, Wei Hong, John R. Z. Abela, Joseph R. Cohen

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 4/2021

Abstract

Anxiety and depressive symptoms frequently co-occur in adolescence and confer greater distress compared to experiencing either symptom alone. A causal model (anxiety symptoms predicting depressive symptoms), a correlated liabilities model (vulnerabilities interacting with stressors to predict both symptoms), and a diathesis-anxiety model (vulnerabilities interacting with anxiety symptoms to predict depressive symptoms) have all been proposed as explanations for the relation between depression and anxiety. To date, however, research has mostly examined these models among North American/Western European adolescents. In response, the present study sought to identify the best explanatory model concerning the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. 494 10^th grade students were assessed for their perceived levels of family cohesion and conflict, stressors, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Every 3 months for 18 months, youth reported their symptoms and stressors. Symptoms and stressors were person-mean and grand-mean centered to compare nomothetic and idiographic conceptualizations of vulnerability. Overall, evidence suggested a reciprocal, versus causal, relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms. Further, while cohesion and conflict independently predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms, their interactions with stressors were not supported. Ultimately, strong support was found for a diathesis-anxiety model using an idiographic conceptualization of anxiety, such that low perceived family cohesion interacted with within-subject fluctuations of anxiety to predict prospective depressive symptoms. This study provides cross-cultural support for a diathesis-anxiety model and shows the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative family functioning when examining vulnerability in Chinese adolescents. Research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate whether the four different forms of anxiety could be adequately distinguished within the current sample. We found little support for a four-factor model (χ²/df = 2.664; p < .001; CFI = .760; RMSEA = .058; SRMR = .097). Thus, consistent with past research (e.g., Cohen et al. 2014), the total score of the MASC was used to test the hypotheses of this study.

Although the simultaneous model did find initial support for cohesion interacting with both idiographic, β = -0.001; SE = 0.000; t(1585) = -2.628; p < 0.01; r_{effect size} = 0.07, and nomothetic, β = 0.001; SE = 0.000; t(1303) = 3.966; p < 0.01; r_{effect size} = 0.11, anxiety symptoms (T-1) and time, these finding were not replicated when tested individually, ps > 0.05. Thus, these results were conceptualized as suppressor effects and non-significant.

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Titel: Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: Testing the Explanatory Power of a Diathesis-Anxiety Model
Auteurs: Jae Wan Choi
Wei Hong
John R. Z. Abela
Joseph R. Cohen
Publicatiedatum: 25-11-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 4/2021
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00730-8

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