Skip to main content
Top

2015 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

4. Zelfcompassie

Auteurs : Monique Hulsbergen, Elke Smeets

Gepubliceerd in: Schematherapie en de Gezonde Volwassene

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

Dit hoofdstuk gaat over het ontwikkelen van zelfcompassie met het doel de Gezonde Volwassene te versterken en de destructieve modi af te zwakken.
Zelfcompassie biedt bescherming door het versterken van de zelfwaardering, het vergroten van het vermogen onplezierige ervaringen te erkennen, en door het toenemen van gevoelens van veiligheid en verbondenheid. Deze kwaliteiten zijn onderdeel van een actief functionerende, Gezonde Volwassene. Daarnaast zwakt zelfcompassie schaamte en zelfkritiek af. Schaamte en zelfkritiek ondermijnen de Gezonde Volwassene en versterken de destructieve modi, zoals isolement en afwijzing, onvoldoende zelfexpressie, gerichtheid op anderen, en overmatige waakzaamheid en inhibitie.
In dit hoofdstuk wordt beschreven wat zelfcompassie is en worden enkele veelvoorkomende misverstanden uitgewerkt. Vervolgens wordt ingegaan op wetenschappelijk onderzoek en de (klinische) toepassing van compassie-interventies. Het afgelopen decennium is er een toename van onderzoek naar en implementatie van interventies gericht op het vergroten van zelfcompassie bij mensen met uiteenlopende vormen van psychopathologie. De resultaten zijn veelbelovend en wij verwachten dat deze interventies breed ingezet gaan worden in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg.
Literatuur
go back to reference Albertson, E. R., Neff, K. D., & Dill-Shackleford, K. E. (2014). Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in women: A randomised controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness. Published online. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0277-3. Albertson, E. R., Neff, K. D., & Dill-Shackleford, K. E. (2014). Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in women: A randomised controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness. Published online. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0277-3.
go back to reference Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates & interventions. Review Of General Psychology, 15, 289–303.CrossRef Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates & interventions. Review Of General Psychology, 15, 289–303.CrossRef
go back to reference Beaumont, E., Galpin, A., & Jenkins, P. (2012). ‘Being kinder to myself’: A prospective comparative study, exploring post-trauma therapy outcome measures, for two groups of clients, receiving either Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, or Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Compassionate Mind Training. Counseling Psychology Review, 27, 31–43. Beaumont, E., Galpin, A., & Jenkins, P. (2012). ‘Being kinder to myself’: A prospective comparative study, exploring post-trauma therapy outcome measures, for two groups of clients, receiving either Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, or Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Compassionate Mind Training. Counseling Psychology Review, 27, 31–43.
go back to reference Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Hulsbergen, M. L. (2013). Dit is jouw leven. De effecten van de Positieve Psychologie. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom. Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Hulsbergen, M. L. (2013). Dit is jouw leven. De effecten van de Positieve Psychologie. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.
go back to reference Braehler, C., Gumley, A., Harper, J., Wallace, S., Norrie, J., & Gilbert, P. (2013). Exploring change processes in compassion focused therapy in psychosis: Results of an feasibility randomized controlled trail. Britisch Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52, 199–214.CrossRef Braehler, C., Gumley, A., Harper, J., Wallace, S., Norrie, J., & Gilbert, P. (2013). Exploring change processes in compassion focused therapy in psychosis: Results of an feasibility randomized controlled trail. Britisch Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52, 199–214.CrossRef
go back to reference Breen, W. E., Kashdan, T. B., Lenser, M. L., & Fincham, G. D. (2010). Gratitude and forgiveness: Convergence and divergence on self-report and informant ratings. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 932–937.CrossRef Breen, W. E., Kashdan, T. B., Lenser, M. L., & Fincham, G. D. (2010). Gratitude and forgiveness: Convergence and divergence on self-report and informant ratings. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 932–937.CrossRef
go back to reference Brink, E. van den, & Koster, F. (2012). Compassievol leven – Van mindfulness tot heartfulness. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom. Brink, E. van den, & Koster, F. (2012). Compassievol leven – Van mindfulness tot heartfulness. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.
go back to reference Brink, E. van den, & Koster, F. (2013). Compassie. In: Bohlmeijer, E. et al. (red.), Handboek Positieve Psychologie. Theorie, onderzoek en toepassingen (pag. 185–227). Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom. Brink, E. van den, & Koster, F. (2013). Compassie. In: Bohlmeijer, E. et al. (red.), Handboek Positieve Psychologie. Theorie, onderzoek en toepassingen (pag. 185–227). Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.
go back to reference Brooks, M., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., & Childs, S. (2012). Self-compassion amongst clients with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness. doi: 10.1007/s12671-012-0106-5. Brooks, M., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., & Childs, S. (2012). Self-compassion amongst clients with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness. doi: 10.1007/s12671-012-0106-5.
go back to reference Dahm, K. A. (2013). Mindfulness and self-compassion as predictors of functional outcomes of psychopathology in OEF/OIF veterans exposed to trauma. Dissertation. University of Texas. Dahm, K. A. (2013). Mindfulness and self-compassion as predictors of functional outcomes of psychopathology in OEF/OIF veterans exposed to trauma. Dissertation. University of Texas.
go back to reference Depue, R. A., & Morrone-Strupinsky, B. J. V. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 313–395. Depue, R. A., & Morrone-Strupinsky, B. J. V. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 313–395.
go back to reference Eicher, A. E., Davis, L. W., & Lysaker, P. H. (2013). Self-Compassion: A novel link with symptoms in schizofrenia? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(5), 1–5.CrossRef Eicher, A. E., Davis, L. W., & Lysaker, P. H. (2013). Self-Compassion: A novel link with symptoms in schizofrenia? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(5), 1–5.CrossRef
go back to reference Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2013). Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 14(2), 207–210.CrossRef Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2013). Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 14(2), 207–210.CrossRef
go back to reference Gale, C., Gilbert, P., Read, N., & Goss, K. (2014). An evaluation of the impact of introducing compassion focused therapy to a standard treatment programme for people with eating disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 21, 1–12.CrossRef Gale, C., Gilbert, P., Read, N., & Goss, K. (2014). An evaluation of the impact of introducing compassion focused therapy to a standard treatment programme for people with eating disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 21, 1–12.CrossRef
go back to reference Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: Guilford Press. Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Gilbert, P. (2006). Compassionate Mind Training for People with High Shame and Self-Criticism: Overview and Pilot Study of a Group Therapy Approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 353–379.CrossRef Gilbert, P. (2006). Compassionate Mind Training for People with High Shame and Self-Criticism: Overview and Pilot Study of a Group Therapy Approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 353–379.CrossRef
go back to reference Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing Compassion Focussed Therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15, 199–208.CrossRef Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing Compassion Focussed Therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15, 199–208.CrossRef
go back to reference Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion Focused Therapy: Distinctive features. London: Routledge. Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion Focused Therapy: Distinctive features. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 6–41.CrossRef Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 6–41.CrossRef
go back to reference Gilbert, P., & Proctor, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-critisism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13, 353–379.CrossRef Gilbert, P., & Proctor, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-critisism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13, 353–379.CrossRef
go back to reference Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 351–374.CrossRef Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 351–374.CrossRef
go back to reference Heffernan, M., Griffin, M., McNulty, S., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2010). Self-compassion and emotional intelligence in nurses. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16, 366–373.CrossRef Heffernan, M., Griffin, M., McNulty, S., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2010). Self-compassion and emotional intelligence in nurses. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16, 366–373.CrossRef
go back to reference Hulsbergen, M. L., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Berking, M. (2014). Emotieregulatie. In: B. van Heycop ten Ham, Hulsbergen, M. L., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (red.). Transdiagnostische factoren. Theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom. Hulsbergen, M. L., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Berking, M. (2014). Emotieregulatie. In: B. van Heycop ten Ham, Hulsbergen, M. L., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (red.). Transdiagnostische factoren. Theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.
go back to reference Johnson, E. A., & O’Brien, K. A. (2013). Self-Compassion soothes the savage EGO threat system: Effects on negative affect, shame, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 939–963.CrossRef Johnson, E. A., & O’Brien, K. A. (2013). Self-Compassion soothes the savage EGO threat system: Effects on negative affect, shame, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 939–963.CrossRef
go back to reference Kelly, A.C., Carter, J. C., Zuroff, D. C., & Borairi, S. (2013). Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response to eating disorders treatment: A preliminary investigation. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 252–264.CrossRef Kelly, A.C., Carter, J. C., Zuroff, D. C., & Borairi, S. (2013). Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response to eating disorders treatment: A preliminary investigation. Psychotherapy Research, 23, 252–264.CrossRef
go back to reference Kelly, A.C., Zuroff, D.C., Foa, C.L. & Gilbert, P. (2010). Who benefits from training in self-compassionate self regulation? A study of smoking reduction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(7), 727–755. Kelly, A.C., Zuroff, D.C., Foa, C.L. & Gilbert, P. (2010). Who benefits from training in self-compassionate self regulation? A study of smoking reduction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(7), 727–755.
go back to reference Korrelboom, C. W. (2014). Zelfbeeld. In: B. van Heycop ten Ham, M. L Hulsbergen, & E. T. Bohlmeijer (red.). Transdiagnostische factoren. Theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom. Korrelboom, C. W. (2014). Zelfbeeld. In: B. van Heycop ten Ham, M. L Hulsbergen, & E. T. Bohlmeijer (red.). Transdiagnostische factoren. Theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.
go back to reference Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Baettig, I., Doerig, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2013). Self-compassion in depression: associations with depressive symptoms, rumination, and avoidance in depressed outpations. Behavior Therapy, 44, 501–513.CrossRef Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Baettig, I., Doerig, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2013). Self-compassion in depression: associations with depressive symptoms, rumination, and avoidance in depressed outpations. Behavior Therapy, 44, 501–513.CrossRef
go back to reference Laithwaite, H. M., O’Hanlon, P., Collings, P., Doyle, P., Abraham, L., & Porter, S. (2009). Recovery after Psychosis (RAP): A compassion focused programme for individuals residing in high security settings. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 511–526.CrossRef Laithwaite, H. M., O’Hanlon, P., Collings, P., Doyle, P., Abraham, L., & Porter, S. (2009). Recovery after Psychosis (RAP): A compassion focused programme for individuals residing in high security settings. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 511–526.CrossRef
go back to reference Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B. & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887–904.CrossRef Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B. & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887–904.CrossRef
go back to reference Lucre, K. M. & Corten, N. (2013). An exploration of group compassion-focused therapy for personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 86(94), 387–400.CrossRef Lucre, K. M. & Corten, N. (2013). An exploration of group compassion-focused therapy for personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 86(94), 387–400.CrossRef
go back to reference MacBeth, A. & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 545–552.CrossRef MacBeth, A. & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 545–552.CrossRef
go back to reference Mayhew, S. & Gilbert, P. (2008). Compassionate mind training with people who hear malevolent voices: A case series report. Clinical Psychology an Psychotherapy, 15, 113–138.CrossRef Mayhew, S. & Gilbert, P. (2008). Compassionate mind training with people who hear malevolent voices: A case series report. Clinical Psychology an Psychotherapy, 15, 113–138.CrossRef
go back to reference Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250.CrossRef Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250.CrossRef
go back to reference Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-Compassion. New York: William Morrow. Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-Compassion. New York: William Morrow.
go back to reference Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44.CrossRef Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44.CrossRef
go back to reference Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hseih, Y. (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 267–285.CrossRef Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hseih, Y. (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 267–285.CrossRef
go back to reference Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908–916.CrossRef Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908–916.CrossRef
go back to reference Powers, T., Koestner, R., & Zuroff, D. C. (2007). Self-criticism, goal motivation, and goal progress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 826–840.CrossRef Powers, T., Koestner, R., & Zuroff, D. C. (2007). Self-criticism, goal motivation, and goal progress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 826–840.CrossRef
go back to reference Smeets, E., & Hulsbergen, M. L. (2014) Zelfcompassie. In: B. van Heycop ten Ham, Hulsbergen, M. L., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (red.). Transdiagnostische factoren. Theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom. Smeets, E., & Hulsbergen, M. L. (2014) Zelfcompassie. In: B. van Heycop ten Ham, Hulsbergen, M. L., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (red.). Transdiagnostische factoren. Theorie en praktijk. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.
go back to reference Vettese, L. C., Dyer, C. E., Li, W. L., & Wekerle, C. (2011). Does self-compassion mitigate the association between childhood maltreatment and later emotional regulation difficulties? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9, 480–491.CrossRef Vettese, L. C., Dyer, C. E., Li, W. L., & Wekerle, C. (2011). Does self-compassion mitigate the association between childhood maltreatment and later emotional regulation difficulties? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9, 480–491.CrossRef
go back to reference Wasylkiw, L., MackKinnon, A. L., & MacLellan, A. M. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body Image, 9(2), 236–245.CrossRef Wasylkiw, L., MackKinnon, A. L., & MacLellan, A. M. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body Image, 9(2), 236–245.CrossRef
go back to reference Wren, A. A., Somers, T. J., Wright, M. A., Goetz, M. C., Leary, M. R., Fras, A. M., Huh, B. K., & Rogers, L. L. (2012). Self-Compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 43, 759–770.CrossRef Wren, A. A., Somers, T. J., Wright, M. A., Goetz, M. C., Leary, M. R., Fras, A. M., Huh, B. K., & Rogers, L. L. (2012). Self-Compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 43, 759–770.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Zelfcompassie
Auteurs
Monique Hulsbergen
Elke Smeets
Copyright
2015
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0951-1_4