Top

Gepubliceerd in:

20-07-2022 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Investigating Stable and Dynamic Aspects of the Vietnamese Self-Compassion Scale using Generalisability Theory

Auteurs: Quoc Cuong Truong, Thanh Minh Nguyen, An Hong Nguyen, Angela Medvedeva, Oleg N. Medvedev

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 9/2022

Abstract

Objectives

Evaluating comprehensive reliability of the Vietnamese Self-Compassion Scale (VSCS) and its ability to distinguish between trait (stable) vs state (dynamic) aspects of self-compassion using Generalisability Theory (G-Theory) is necessary. This investigation contributes to both reliability and validity of research that uses the VSCS to measure self-compassion in Vietnamese adults.

Methods

In a sample of 155 Vietnamese adults who completed the VSCS at three occasions that were each 2 weeks apart, a G-study was conducted to measure reliability and trait vs state aspects of each VSCS subscale and the short-form VSCS, and a D-study was conducted to examine the effects of removing subscales on overall scale reliability as well as evaluate trait vs state aspects of each item.

Results

With G-coefficients of 0.93–0.98, both the complete and short-form VSCS (VSCS-SF) demonstrated excellent reliability in measuring trait self-compassion. Three of the six subscales—self-judgement, mindfulness, and kindness—also demonstrated excellent reliability, with G-coefficients of 0.82–0.85. Eighteen of the 26 items measured trait more than state. The remaining eight items reflected a mixture of trait and state, but this did not affect overall reliability.

Conclusions

This study indicated that the VSCS, VSCS-SF, and three VSCS subscales reliably measured trait self-compassion, with scores generalisable across the Vietnamese population and occasions. Thus, overall self-compassion levels remained stable over time, which is useful for evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention because significant changes of self-compassion are likely to be long-lasting.

vorige artikel Psychometric Comparison of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Veterans Treated for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

volgende artikel Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Weight Loss Intervention on Long-term Psychological Well-being Among Adults with Obesity: Secondary Analyses from the Supporting Health by Integrating Nutrition and Exercise (SHINE) Trial

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Allen, M. J., & Yen, W. M. (1979). Introduction to measurement theory. Brooks/Cole.

Arterberry, B. J., Martens, M. P., Cadigan, J. M., & Rohrer, D. (2014). Application of generalizability theory to the big five inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.015CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bloch, R., & Norman, G. (2012). Generalizability theory for the perplexed: A practical introduction and guide: AMEE guide no. 68. Medical Teacher, 34, 960–992. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.703791CrossRefPubMed

Breines, J. G., & Chen, S. (2013). Activating the inner caregiver: The role of support giving schemas in increasing state self-compassion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.015CrossRef

Brennan, R. (2011). Generalizability theory and classical test theory. Applied Measurement in Education, 24, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2011.532417CrossRef

Cahn, B. R., & Polich, J. (2006). Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 180–211. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.180CrossRefPubMed

Cardinet, J., Pini, G., & Johnson, S. (2010). Applying generalizability theory using eduG. Routledge Academic.

Chen, J., Yan, L.-S., & Zhou, L.-H. (2011). Reliability and validity of Chinese version of self-compassion scale. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(6), 734–736.

Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(5), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0495CrossRefPubMed

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.CrossRef

Cronbach, L. J., Rajaratnam, N., & Gleser, G. C. (1963). Theory of generalizability: A liberalization of reliability theory. British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 16(2), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1963.tb00206.xCrossRef

de Souza, L. K., & Hutz, C. S. (2016). Adaptation of the self-compassion scale for use in Brazil: Evidences of construct validity. Temas Em Psicologia, 24(1), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.9788/tp2016.1-11CrossRef

Epstein, S. (1994). Trait theory as personality theory: Can a part be as great as the whole? Psychological Inquiry, 5(2), 120–122. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0502_4CrossRef

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0850-7CrossRefPubMed

Flentje, L. (2021). The relationship between self-efficacy and self-compassion: An experience sampling study (Master’s thesis, University of Twente, Netherlands).

Forrest, S. J., Siegert, R. J., Krägeloh, C. U., Landon, J., & Medvedev, O. N. (2021). Generalizability theory distinguishes between state and trait anxiety. Psychological Assessment, 33(11), 1080–1088. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001060CrossRefPubMed

Hobart, J., & Cano, S. (2009). Improving the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in multiple sclerosis: The role of new psychometric methods. Prepress Projects.

Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Steindl, S. R. (2017). A meta-analysis of compassion-based interventions: Current state of knowledge and future directions. Behavior Therapy, 48, 778–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.06.003CrossRefPubMed

Lathren, C. R., Rao, S. S., Park, J., & Bluth, K. (2021). Self-compassion and current close interpersonal relationships: A scoping literature review. Mindfulness, 12, 1078–1093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01566-5CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887CrossRefPubMed

Leaviss, J., & Uttley, L. (2015). Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: An early systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 45(5), 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002141CrossRefPubMed

Lee, W. K., & Lee, K. (2010). The validation study of the Korean version of Self-Compassion Scale with adult women in community. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 49(2), 193–200.

MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003CrossRefPubMed

Marsh, I. C., Chan, S. W. Y., & MacBeth, A. (2018). Self-compassion and psychological distress in adolescents—A meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 9, 1011–1027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0850-7CrossRefPubMed

McDonald, R. P. (2013). Test theory: A unified treatment. Psychology press.CrossRef

Medvedev, O. N., Berk, M., Dean, O. M., Brown, E., Sandham, M. H., Dipnall, J. F., McNamara, R. K., Sumich, A., Krägeloh, C. U., Narayanan, A., & Siegert, R. J. (2021a). A novel way to quantify schizophrenia symptoms in clinical trials. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 51(3), e13398. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13398CrossRefPubMed

Medvedev, O. N., Dailianis, A. T., Hwang, Y. S., Krägeloh, C. U., & Singh, N. N. (2021b). Applying generalizability theory to the Self-Compassion Scale to examine state and trait aspects and generalizability of assessment scores. Mindfulness, 12(3), 636–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01522-3CrossRef

Medvedev, O. N., Krägeloh, C. U., Narayanan, A., & Siegert, R. J. (2017). Measuring mindfulness: Applying generalizability theory to distinguish between state and trait. Mindfulness, 8(4), 1036–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0679-0CrossRef

Miller, Y. R., Medvedev, O. N., Hwang, Y.-S., & Singh, N. N. (2021). Applying generalizability theory to the Perceived Stress Scale to evaluate stable and dynamic aspects of educators’ stress. International Journal of Stress Management, 28(2), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000207CrossRef

Muris, P., van den Broek, M., Otgaar, H., Oudenhoven, I., & Lennartz, J. (2018). Good and bad sides of self-compassion: A face validity check of the Self-Compassion Scale and an investigation of its relations to coping and emotional symptoms in non-clinical adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(8), 2411–2421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1099-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027CrossRef

Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032CrossRef

Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Knox, M. C., Kuchar, A., & Davidson, O. (2021). The development and validation of the state Self-Compassion Scale (long-and short form). Mindfulness, 12(1), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01505-4CrossRef

Neff, K. D., Whittaker, T., & Karl, A. (2017). Evaluating the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in four distinct populations: Is the use of a total self-compassion score justified? Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(6), 596–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1269334CrossRefPubMed

Nguyen, T. M., & Le, G. N. H. (2021). The influence of COVID-19 stress on psychological well-being among Vietnamese adults: The role of self-compassion and gratitude. Traumatology, 27(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000295CrossRef

Nguyen, T. M., Bui, T. T. H., Xiao, X., & Le, V. H. (2020). The influence of self-compassion on mindful parenting: A mediation model of gratitude. The Family Journal, 28(4), 455–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480720950421CrossRef

Paterson, J., Medvedev, O. N., Sumich, A., Tautolo, E. S., Krägeloh, C. U., Sisk, R., McNamara, R. K., Berk, M., Narayanan, A., & Siegert, R. J. (2018). Distinguishing transient versus stable aspects of depression in New Zealand Pacific Island children using generalizability theory. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 698–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.075CrossRefPubMed

Petrocchi, N., Ottaviani, C., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2013). Dimensionality of self-compassion: Translation and construct validation of the self-compassion scale in an Italian sample. Journal of Mental Health, 23(2), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2013.8418CrossRefPubMed

Quang, A. M. T., Van Pham, M., Mai, T. T., Le, G. N. H., & Song, G. A. N. (2021). Self- compassion and Students’ Well-Being Among Vietnamese Students: Chain Mediation Effect of Narcissism and Anxiety. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-021-00431-1

Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy., 18, 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702CrossRef

Ramanaiah, N. V., Franzen, M., & Schill, T. (1983). A psychometric study of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47(5), 531–535. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4705_14CrossRefPubMed

Rasch, G. (1961). On general laws and the meaning of measurement. Psychology: Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Symposium Mathematics Statistics and Probability, 5, 321–333.

Shavelson, R. J., Webb, N. M., & Rowley, G. L. (1989). Generalizability theory. American Psychologist, 44(6), 922–932. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-66X.44.6.922CrossRef

Spielberger, C. D. (1999). Manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Test manual for the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press.

Swiss Society for Research in Education Working Group. (2006). EDUG user guide. IRDP.

Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Dodos, L., Chatzisarantis, N., & Ntoumanis, N. (2017). A diary study of self-compassion, upward social comparisons, and body image related outcomes. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 9(2), 242–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12089CrossRef

Tran, T. H., & Tran, M. D. (2017). Evaluation of self-compassion: A quantitative study in Vietnamese students [in Vietnamese]. The Journal of Psychology, 10(223), 13–23.

Truong, Q. C., Choo, C., Numbers, K., Merkin, A. G., Brodaty, H., Kochan, N. A., et al. (2021). Applying generalizability theory to examine assessments of subjective cognitive complaints: whose reports should we rely on – participant versus informant? International Psychogeriatrics, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610221000363

Truong, Q. C., Choo, C., Numbers, K., Merkin, A. G., Brodaty, H., Kochan, N. A., Sachdev, P. S., Feigin, V. L., & Medvedev, O. N. (2022). Clinical investigation of dynamic and enduring aspects of global cognition in aged population. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 52, e13681. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13681CrossRefPubMed

Truong, Q. C., Krägeloh, C. U., Siegert, R. J., Landon, J., & Medvedev, O. N. (2020). Applying generalizability theory to differentiate between trait and state in the Five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ). Mindfulness, 11(4), 953–963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01324-7CrossRef

Waring, S. V., & Kelly, A. C. (2019). Trait self-compassion predicts different responses to failure depending on the interpersonal context. Personality and Individual Differences, 143, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.043CrossRef

Wilson, A. C., Mackintosh, K., Power, K., & Chan, S. W. (2019). Effectiveness of self-compassion related therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 10, 979–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1037-6CrossRef

Yarnell, L. M., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion, interpersonal conflict resolutions, and well-being. Self and Identity, 12(2), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.649545CrossRef

Yarnell, L. M., Neff, K. D., Davidson, O. A., & Mullarkey, M. (2019). Gender differences in self-compassion: Examining the role of gender role orientation. Mindfulness, 10(6), 1136–1152.CrossRef

Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14, 499–520.CrossRef

Zeng, X., Wei, J., Oei, T. P., & Liu, X. (2016). The self-compassion scale is not validated in a Buddhist sample. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(6), 1996–2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0205zCrossRefPubMed

Titel: Investigating Stable and Dynamic Aspects of the Vietnamese Self-Compassion Scale using Generalisability Theory
Auteurs: Quoc Cuong Truong
Thanh Minh Nguyen
An Hong Nguyen
Angela Medvedeva
Oleg N. Medvedev
Publicatiedatum: 20-07-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 9/2022
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01950-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2022

Self-Efficacy as a Potential Mechanism of Behavior Change in Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention

ORIGINAL PAPER

Correction to: Training Mindfulness Facilitators: Evaluating the VA CALM Program at the Veterans Health Administration

Correction

The European Portuguese Version of the Determinants of Meditation Practice Inventory-Revised (DMPI-R)

ORIGINAL PAPER

The Mindfulness in Couple Relationships Scale: Development and Validation

ORIGINAL PAPER

Testing the Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory in Daily Life

Open Access
ORIGINAL PAPER

Comparing Indirect and Combined Effects of Mindfulness and Compassion Practice Among Schoolchildren on Inter- and Intra-personal Abilities

ORIGINAL PAPER