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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 6/2019

13-12-2018

Inhibitory Control and Information Processing in ADHD: Comparing the Dual Task and Performance Adjustment Hypotheses

Auteurs: Whitney D. Fosco, Michael J. Kofler, R. Matt Alderson, Stephanie J. Tarle, Joseph S. Raiker, Dustin E. Sarver

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2019

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Abstract

Inhibition is a key neurocognitive domain in ADHD that is commonly assessed with the stop-signal task. The stop-signal involves both “go” and “stop” trials; previous research indicates that response times are reliably slower to “go” trials during tasks with vs. without intermittent “stop” trials. However, it is unclear whether this pattern reflects deliberate slowing to maximize inhibitory success (performance adjustment hypothesis) and/or disrupted bottom-up information processing due to increased cognitive demands (dual-task hypothesis). Given the centrality of “go” responding for estimating children’s inhibitory speed, finding that children with ADHD slow differently –or for different reasons– has the potential to inform cognitive and self-regulatory theories of ADHD. The current study used a carefully-controlled experimental design to assess the mechanisms underlying stop signal-related slowing in ADHD. Children ages 8-13 with (n = 81) and without ADHD (n = 63) completed the stop-signal task and a control task that differed only in the presence/absence of “stop” trials. Using drift-diffusion modeling, Bayesian repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed a pattern consistent with the performance adjustment hypothesis, such that children adopted more cautious response strategies (BF10 = 6221.78; d = 0.38) but did not show changes in processing speed (BF01 = 3.08; d = 0.12) or encoding/motor speed (BF01 = 5.73; d = 0.07) when inhibition demands were introduced. Importantly, the ADHD/Non-ADHD groups showed equivalent effects of intermittent “stop” trials (BF01 = 4.30-5.56). These findings suggest intact self-regulation/performance monitoring in the context of adapting to increased inhibitory demands in ADHD, which has important implications for the continued isolation of potential mechanisms associated with ADHD symptoms and impairment.
vorige artikel Preschoolers’ Self-Regulation in Context: Task Persistence Profiles with Mothers and Fathers and Later Attention Problems in Kindergarten
volgende artikel Examination of the Structure and Measurement of Inattentive, Hyperactive, and Impulsive Behaviors from Preschool to Grade 4
Voetnoten
1
SSRT is the primary measure of inhibitory speed in the stop signal task; it is computed as MRT - stop signal delay, which is the average duration of time between stimulus onset and stop signal onset.
 
2
Verbruggen and Logan (2009) refer to this as the proactive adjustment hypothesis, but because the current study was not designed to determine whether adjustments are proactive or reactive the more general description is used instead.
 
3
Additional analyses were conducted excluding individual participants whose percent inhibition was outside 25%-75% (n = 13). The pattern of results did not differ, so all participants are retained in analyses.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Inhibitory Control and Information Processing in ADHD: Comparing the Dual Task and Performance Adjustment Hypotheses
Auteurs
Whitney D. Fosco
Michael J. Kofler
R. Matt Alderson
Stephanie J. Tarle
Joseph S. Raiker
Dustin E. Sarver
Publicatiedatum
13-12-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2019
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0504-9

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