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2024 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

15. Infecties van het centrale zenuwstelsel

Auteurs : M. C. Brouwer, F. F. Stelma, C. Schultsz, J. Van Laethem

Gepubliceerd in: Leerboek microbiologie en infectieziekten

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

Infecties van het centrale zenuwstelsel (czs) zijn relatief zeldzaam maar vaak levensbedreigend. Anatomisch is het czs door de bloed-hersenbarrière (BHB) goed beschermd: tegen penetrerend letsel door de stevige schedel, wervels en dura mater, tegen mechanische schokken door de liquor cerebrospinalis, en tegen via bloedoverdraagbare infecties door gespecialiseerde endotheelcellen. Een intact immuunsysteem voorkomt doorgaans dat csz-infecties zich kunnen ontwikkelen. De bescherming is echter niet waterdicht. Virussen kunnen het czs bereiken door zich centripetaal te verspreiden langs zenuwbanen. Ook kunnen perifere macrofagen en monocyten die geïnfecteerd zijn met een virus zich over de BHB bewegen en het virus afleveren in het czs. Diverse bacteriën, schimmels en parasieten beschikken over celeigen instrumenten om de BHB te passeren. Bovendien kunnen ziekteverwekkers rechtstreeks het czs binnendringen wanneer de anatomische barrière door infectie van een aangrenzende structuur (otitis, sinusitis, osteomyelitis) geschonden is, of wanneer de barrière als gevolg van een congenitaal defect (spina bifida, congenitale liquorlekkage), tumor, ongevalsletsel, operatie, punctie, drain of katheter is doorbroken. Infecties van het czs die in dit hoofdstuk worden besproken zijn meningokokkenziekte (o.a. meningitis), encefalitis, neuritis (radiculitis), focale infecties zoals hersenabcessen, epidurale abcessen en septische sinustrombose.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Infecties van het centrale zenuwstelsel
Auteurs
M. C. Brouwer
F. F. Stelma
C. Schultsz
J. Van Laethem
Copyright
2024
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2944-1_15