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15-06-2023 | ORIGINAL PAPER

High Theta–Low Alpha Modulation of Brain Electric Activity During Eyes-Open Brahma Kumaris Rajyoga Meditation

Auteurs: Kanishka Sharma, Peter Achermann, Bhawna Panwar, Shrikant Sahoo, Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui, Pascal L. Faber, Ramakrishnan Angarai Ganesan

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 7/2023

Abstract

Objectives

The objective was to analyze EEG recorded during Brahma Kumaris Rajyoga meditation (BKRYM) using eLORETA applied in the frequency domain for localizing sources during meditation vis-à-vis baseline condition. Unlike many other popular meditation practices, BKRYM is practiced with open eyes. To our knowledge, there has been no study of the changes in the brain’s activity during the practice of BKRYM using source localization. Furthermore, this seed-stage meditation goes through specific stages, and the corresponding changes in the brain activity, including the different brain networks, were explored.

Method

EEG recorded during Brahma Kumaris seed-stage meditation was studied in 52 long-term meditators. The meditation comprised three stages, namely focusing on peace, imagining being a soul, and communion with the Supreme Soul. Brain electric source localization in the frequency domain was used on multichannel EEG recordings to establish activation differences between meditation and open-eyed, task-free resting. Additional exploratory analyses were performed for the differences between initial rest, meditation, and final rest.

Results

After 5000 randomized statistical tests of significance (p < 0.05), meditation showed reduced activity in delta and increased activity in low alpha frequencies. The brain networks altered in their activation during meditation are the following: central executive network, mirroring network, and task-positive and task-negative networks.

Conclusions

The observed changes in activity reflect the main cognitive-affective and behavioral specifics of seed-stage meditation: attention modulation, self-related processing, visual imagery, extra corporeal experience. Future studies need to distinctly differentiate between the stages of the meditation.

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Titel: High Theta–Low Alpha Modulation of Brain Electric Activity During Eyes-Open Brahma Kumaris Rajyoga Meditation
Auteurs: Kanishka Sharma
Peter Achermann
Bhawna Panwar
Shrikant Sahoo
Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui
Pascal L. Faber
Ramakrishnan Angarai Ganesan
Publicatiedatum: 15-06-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 7/2023
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02163-y

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