Top

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

01-07-2009

Equanimity to Excess: Inhibiting the Expression of Negative Emotion is Associated with Depression Symptoms in Girls

Auteurs: Kate Keenan, Alison Hipwell, Amanda Hinze, Dara Babinski

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 5/2009

Abstract

Emotion dysregulation is often invoked as an important construct for understanding risk for psychopathology, but specificity of domains of emotion regulation in clinically relevant research is often lacking. In the present study Gross’ (2001) model of emotion regulation is used to generate hypotheses regarding the relative contribution of two specific types of deficits in emotion regulation, inhibited and disinhibited expression of negative emotion, to individual differences in depressive symptoms in preadolescent girls. A sample of 232 9-year-old girls was recruited from a community based study. Depression symptoms were assessed via diagnostic interview. The mother and interviewer rated the girl’s level of impairment. Questionnaires and observations were used to assess inhibited and disinhibited expression of negative emotion. Differences in inhibited expression of negative emotion typically explained more variance in depressive symptoms and impairment across informants than did disinhibited expression of negative emotion. Although disinhibited expression of negative emotion is associated with depression and impairment, inhibited expression appeared to be a necessary ingredient, suggesting that inhibited expression may be a particularly relevant deficit in emotion regulation in the development of depression in females.

vorige artikel Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Trajectories in Child Sexual Abuse Victims: An Analysis of Sex Differences Using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being

Angold, A., Costello, E. J., Messer, S. C., & Pickles, A. (1995). Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, 237–249.

Bromberger, J. T., & Matthews, K. A. (1996). A “feminine” model of vulnerability to depression symptoms: A longitudinal investigation of middle-aged women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 591–598. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.591.PubMedCrossRef

Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 3, 48–67. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48.

Campos, J. J., Campos, R. G., & Barrett, K. C. (1989). Emergent themes in the study of emotional development and emotion regulation. Developmental Psychology, 25, 394–402. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.394.CrossRef

Chaplin, T. M. (2006). Anger, happiness, and sadness: Associations with depression symptoms in late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 977–986. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9033-x.CrossRef

Chaplin, T. M., Cole, P. M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2005). Parental socialization of emotion expression: Gender differences and relations to child adjustment. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 5, 80–88. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.80.

Coifman, K. G., Bonanno, G. A., Ray, R. D., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Does repressive coping promote resilience? Affective-autonomic response discrepancy during bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 745–758. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.745.PubMedCrossRef

Cole, P. M. (1986). Children’s spontaneous control of facial expression. Child Development, 57, 1309–1321. doi:10.2307/1130411.CrossRef

Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 73–100. doi:10.2307/1166139.PubMedCrossRef

Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J., & Jaser, S. S. (2004). Temperament, stress reactivity, and coping: Implications for depression in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 21–31. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3301_3.PubMedCrossRef

Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 1080–1107. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080.PubMedCrossRef

Connor-Smith, J. K., Compas, B. E., Wadsworth, M. E., Thomsen, A. H., & Saltzman, H. (2000). Responses to stress in adolescence: Measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 976–992. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.976.PubMedCrossRef

Cyranowski, J. M., Frank, E., Young, E., & Shear, K. (2000). Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 21–27. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.1.21.PubMedCrossRef

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227–2247. doi:10.2307/1131620.PubMedCrossRef

Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (1996). Child symptom inventory. Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Garber, J., Braafladt, N., & Weiss, B. (1995). Affect regulation in depressed and nondepressed children and young adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 93–115.CrossRef

Gross, J. J. (1999). Emotion and emotion regulation. In L. A. Pervin, & O. P John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 525–552, 2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.

Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 214–219. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00152.CrossRef

Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1993). Emotional suppression: physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 970–986. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.970.PubMedCrossRef

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.PubMedCrossRef

Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (2001). Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 773–796. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.773.PubMedCrossRef

Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., et al. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 980–988. doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021.PubMedCrossRef

Keenan, K. (2000). Emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for child psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 418–434. doi:10.1093/clipsy/7.4.418.CrossRef

Keenan, K., & Shaw, D. S. (1997). Developmental and social influences on young girls’ behavioral and emotional problems. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 97–113. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.95.CrossRef

Keenan, K., & Hipwell, A. E. (2005). Preadolescent clues to understanding depression in girls. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 89–105. doi:10.1007/s10567-005-4750-3.PubMedCrossRef

King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 864–877. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864.PubMedCrossRef

King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1991). Psychological, physical, and interpersonal correlates of emotional expressiveness, conflict, and control. European Journal of Personality, 5, 131–150. doi:10.1002/per.2410050206.CrossRef

Klinnert, M. D., McQuaid, E. L., McCormick, D., Adinoff, A. D., & Bryant, N. E. (2000). A multi-method assessment of behavioral and emotional adjustment in children with asthma. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 25, 35–46. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/25.1.35.PubMedCrossRef

Kovacs, M., Sherrill, J., George, C. J., Pollock, M., Tumuluru, R. V., & Ho, V. (2006). Contextual Emotion-Regulation Therapy for childhood depression: Description and pilot testing of a new intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 892–903. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000222878.74162.5a.PubMedCrossRef

Melnick, S. M., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2000). Emotion regulation and parenting in AD/HD and comparison boys: Linkages with social behaviors and peer preference. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 73–86. doi:10.1023/A:1005174102794.PubMedCrossRef

Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x.CrossRefPubMed

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1994). An interactive model for the emergence of gender. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4, 519–534. doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0404_5.CrossRef

Penza-Clyve, S., & Zeman, J. (2002). Initial validation of the Emotion Expression Scale for children (EESC). Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 540–547.PubMed

Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Composure at any cost? The cognitive consequences of emotion suppression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1033–1044. doi:10.1177/01461672992511010.CrossRef

Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D. (2006). A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 98–131. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.98.PubMedCrossRef

Saarni, C. (1984). An observational study of children’s attempts to monitor their expressive behavior. Child Development, 55, 1504–1513. doi:10.2307/1130020.CrossRef

Setterberg, S., Bird, H., Gould, M., Shaffer, D., & Fisher, P. (1992). Parent and interviewer versions of the Children’s Global Assessment Scale. New York: Columbia University.

Shipman, K. L., Zeman, J., Nesin, A. E., & Fitzgerald, M. (2003). Children’s strategies for displaying anger and sadness: What works with whom? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49, 100–122. doi:10.1353/mpq.2003.0006.CrossRef

Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents’ emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depression symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74, 1869–1880. doi:10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00643.x.PubMedCrossRef

Sodano, S. M., & Tracey, T. J. G. (2006). Interpersonal traits in childhood: Development of the Child and Adolescent Interpersonal Survey. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 317–329. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa8703_12.PubMedCrossRef

Underwood, M. K. (1997). Peer social status and children’s understanding of the expression and control of positive and negative emotions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43, 610–634.

Underwood, M. K., Hurley, J. C., Johanson, C. A., & Mosley, J. E. (1999). An experimental, observational investigation of children’s responses to peer provocation: Developmental and gender differences in middle childhood. Child Development, 70, 1428–1446. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00104.PubMedCrossRef

Yap, M. B. H., Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2007). Using an emotion regulation framework to understand the role of temperament and family processes in risk for adolescent depression disorders. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10, 180–196. doi:10.1007/s10567-006-0014-0.PubMedCrossRef

Zeman, J., Shipman, K., & Penza-Clyve, S. (2001). Development and initial validation of The Children’s Sadness Management Scale. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 25, 187–205. doi:10.1023/A:1010623226626.CrossRef

Titel: Equanimity to Excess: Inhibiting the Expression of Negative Emotion is Associated with Depression Symptoms in Girls
Auteurs: Kate Keenan
Alison Hipwell
Amanda Hinze
Dara Babinski
Publicatiedatum: 01-07-2009
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 5/2009
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9301-9

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2009

Persistent versus Periodic Experiences of Social Victimization: Predictors of Adjustment

Linking Informant Discrepancies to Observed Variations in Young Children’s Disruptive Behavior

The Structure of Anxiety and Depression in a Normative Sample of Younger and Older Australian Adolescents

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Trajectories in Child Sexual Abuse Victims: An Analysis of Sex Differences Using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being

Can Executive Functions Explain the Relationship Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Social Adjustment?

Predicting Growth Curves of Early Childhood Externalizing Problems: Differential Susceptibility of Children with Difficult Temperament