Top

Gepubliceerd in:

27-02-2023 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Do Mindfulness-Based Interventions Reduce Burnout of College Students in China? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Auteurs: Ruochen Gan, Jiang Xue, Shulin Chen

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 4/2023

Abstract

Objectives

There is an increasing recognition of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) as a promising way to reduce burnout. However, inconsistent results were found on the effect among college students. In addition, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the effect of a mindfulness-based training program on burnout in college student population and to examine if changes in mindfulness mediate the intervention effect.

Method

A total of 128 college students (M = 21.36 years, SD = 2.76 years) were randomized into an intervention group (n = 64) or a wait-list control group (n = 64). The intervention consisted of eight sections of mindfulness training courses. Measures on mindfulness and burnout were administered at the baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.

Results

Compared to those in the control group, participants in the intervention group reported a significant increase in mindfulness and a decrease in burnout both at post-intervention (mindfulness: F = 22.41, p < 0.01, partial η² = 0.15; burnout: F = 8.24, p < 0.01, partial η² = 0.06) and 3-month follow-up (mindfulness: F = 16.29, p < 0.01, partial η² = 0.12; burnout: F = 9.24, p < 0.01, partial η² = 0.07). Mediation analyses demonstrated that the increase in mindfulness fully mediated the intervention effect on burnout.

Conclusions

Mindfulness-based training programs can effectively reduce burnout among college students, and the effect appears to be mediated by changes in mindfulness levels.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

vorige artikel The Differential Role of Growth Mindset and Trait Mindfulness in the Motivation of Learning from Criticism

volgende artikel Walking the Talk: a Randomized Trial Exploring the Role of Mindfulness Booster Sessions on Skill Acquisition Following Workshop Attendance

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Al-Alawi, M., Al-Sinawi, H., Al-Qubtan, A., Al-Lawati, J., Al-Habsi, A., Al-Shuraiqi, M., Al-Adawi, S., & Panchatcharam, S. M. (2019). Prevalence and determinants of burnout syndrome and depression among medical students at Sultan Qaboos University: A cross-sectional analytical study from Oman. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 74(3), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2017.1400941CrossRef

Almeida, G. d. C., de Souza, H. R., de Almeida, P. C., Almeida, B. d. C., & Almeida, G. H. (2016). The prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical students. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 43(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000072

Appelbaum, N. P., Lee, N., Amendola, M., Dodson, K., & Kaplan, B. (2019). Surgical resident burnout and job satisfaction: The role of workplace climate and perceived support. Journal of Surgical Research, 234, 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.035CrossRefPubMed

Appels, A., & Schouten, E. (1991). Burnout as a risk factor for coronary heart-disease. Behavioral Medicine, 17(2), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.1991.9935158CrossRefPubMed

Armon, G., Melamed, S., Shirom, A., & Shapira, I. (2010). Elevated burnout predicts the onset of musculoskeletal pain among apparently healthy employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(4), 399–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020726CrossRefPubMed

Atalayin, C., Balkis, M., Tezel, H., Onal, B., & Kayrak, G. (2015). The prevalence and consequences of burnout on a group of preclinical dental students. European Journal of Dentistry, 9(3), 356–363. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.163227CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bpg015

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003CrossRefPubMed

Bakker, A. B., & de Vries, J. D. (2021). Job demands-resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 34(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1797695CrossRefPubMed

Barbosa, P., Raymond, G., Zlotnick, C., Wilk, J., Toomey, R., 3rd., & Mitchell, J., 3rd. (2013). Mindfulness-based stress reduction training is associated with greater empathy and reduced anxiety for graduate healthcare students. Education for Health, 26(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.4103/1357-6283.112794

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph077CrossRef

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

Capri, B., Ozkendir, O. M., Ozkurt, B., & Karakus, F. (2012). General self-efficacy beliefs, life satisfaction and burnout of university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 968–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.76

Chang, E., Eddins-Folensbee, F., & Coverdale, J. (2012). Survey of the prevalence of burnout, stress, depression, and the use of supports by medical students at one school. Academic Psychiatry, 36(3), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.11040079CrossRefPubMed

Cook, A. F., Arora, V. M., Rasinski, K. A., Curlin, F. A., & Yoon, J. D. (2014). The prevalence of medical student mistreatment and its association with burnout. Academic Medicine, 89(5), 749–754. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000204CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dahlin, M., Joneborg, N., & Runeson, B. (2007). Performance-based self-esteem and burnout in a cross-sectional study of medical students. Medical Teacher, 29(1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590601175309CrossRefPubMed

Davies, J. N., Sharpe, L., Day, M. A., & Colagiuri, B. (2021). Mindfulness-based analgesia or placebo effect? The development and evaluation of a sham mindfulness intervention for acute experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 83(6), 557–565. https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000000886CrossRefPubMed

de Vibe, M., Solhaug, I., Tyssen, R., Friborg, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., Sorlie, T., & Bjorndal, A. (2013). Mindfulness training for stress management: A randomised controlled study of medical and psychology students. BMC Medical Education, 13, 107. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-107

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.499CrossRefPubMed

dos Santos Boni, R. A., Paiva, C. E., de Oliveira, M. A., Lucchetti, G., Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani, J. H., & Ribeiro Paiva, B. S. (2018). Burnout among medical students during the first years of undergraduate school: Prevalence and associated factors. PLoS ONE, 13(3), e0191746. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191746

Dyrbye, L., & Shanafelt, T. (2016). A narrative review on burnout experienced by medical students and residents. Medical Education, 50(1), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12927CrossRefPubMed

Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Massie, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Durning, S., Moutier, C., Szydlo, D. W., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2008). Burnout and suicidal ideation among US medical students. Annals of Internal Medicine, 149(5), 334-W370. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00008CrossRefPubMed

Fendel, J. C., Burkle, J. J., & Goritz, A. S. (2021). Mindfulness-based interventions to reduce burnout and stress in physicians: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Academic Medicine, 96(5), 751–764. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003936CrossRefPubMed

Fitzpatrick, O., Biesma, R., Conroy, R. M., & McGarvey, A. (2019). Prevalence and relationship between burnout and depression in our future doctors: A cross-sectional study in a cohort of preclinical and clinical medical students in Ireland. BMJ Open, 9(4), e023297. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023297

Flook, L., Goldberg, S. B., Pinger, L., Bonus, K., & Davidson, R. J. (2013). Mindfulness for teachers: A pilot study to assess effects on stress, burnout, and teaching efficacy. Mind Brain and Education, 7(3), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12026CrossRef

Garneau, K., Hutchinson, T. A., Zhao, Q., Dobkin, P. L. J. E. J., & f. P. C. H. (2013). Cultivating person-centered medicine in future physicians. European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, 1, 468–477. https://doi.org/10.5750/EJPCH.V1I2.688CrossRef

Green, A. A., & Kinchen, E. V. (2021). The effects of mindfulness meditation on stress and burnout in nurses. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 39(4), 356–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/08980101211015818CrossRefPubMed

Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001CrossRef

Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B., & Ahola, K. (2008). The job demands-resources model: A three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement. Work and Stress, 22(3), 224–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802379432CrossRef

Harker, R., Pidgeon, A. M., Klaassen, F., & King, S. (2016). Exploring resilience and mindfulness as preventative factors for psychological distress burnout and secondary traumatic stress among human service professionals. Work, 54(3), 631–637. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-162311CrossRefPubMed

Hathaisaard, C., Wannarit, K., & Pattanaseri, K. (2022). Mindfulness-based interventions reducing and preventing stress and burnout in medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 69, 102997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102997

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.

Hayes, A. F., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 98, 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.001CrossRefPubMed

Heyting, A., Tolboom, J. T. B. M., & Essers, J. G. A. (1992). Statistical handling of drop-outs in longitudinal clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 11(16), 2043–2061. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780111603CrossRefPubMed

Hu, Q., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in China. Psychological Reports, 105(2), 394–408. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.2.394-408CrossRefPubMed

Ishak, W., Nikravesh, R., Lederer, S., Perry, R., Ogunyemi, D., & Bernstein, C. (2013). Burnout in medical students: A systematic review. The Clinical Teacher, 10(4), 242–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12014CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation - Theoretical considerations and preliminary - Results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bpg016

Kemper, K. J., McClafferty, H., Wilson, P. M., Serwint, J. R., Batra, M., Mahan, J. D., Schubert, C. J., Staples, B. B., Schwartz, A., & Pediat Resident, B.-R. (2019). Do mindfulness and self-compassion predict burnout in pediatric residents? Academic Medicine, 94(6), 876–884. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000002546CrossRefPubMed

Kinnunen, S. M., Puolakanaho, A., Tolvanen, A., Makikangas, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2020). Improvements in mindfulness facets mediate the alleviation of burnout dimensions. Mindfulness, 11(12), 2779–2792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01490-8CrossRef

Koutsimani, P., Montgomery, A., & Georganta, K. (2019). The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 284. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284

Langballe, E. M., Innstrand, S. T., Hagtvet, K. A., Falkum, E., & Aasland, O. G. (2009). The relationship between burnout and musculoskeletal pain in seven Norwegian occupational groups. Work, 32(2), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-2009-0804

Lee, K. P., Yeung, N., Wong, C., Yip, B., Luk, L. H. F., & Wong, S. (2020). Prevalence of medical students’ burnout and its associated demographics and lifestyle factors in Hong Kong. PLoS ONE, 15(7), e0235154. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235154

Li, C. X., Zhu, Y. X., Zhang, M. G., Gustafsson, H., & Chen, T. (2019). Mindfulness and athlete burnout: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(3), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030449

Li, X., Wuyuntena, Yuan, F.-z., Liu, Z.-h., & Fan, L.-l. (2017). A analysis of reliability and validity of FFMQ by clasical test theory and the generalizability theory. Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 46(05), 776–780.

Lian, R. Y. L. W. L. (2005). Relationship between professional commitment and learning burnout of undergraduates and scales developing. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 37(05), 632.

Little, R., & Yau, L. (1996). Intent-to-treat analysis for longitudinal studies with drop-outs. Biometrics, 52(4), 1324–1333. https://doi.org/10.2307/2532847CrossRefPubMed

Liu, W., Zhao, S., Shi, L., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Li, L., Duan, X., Li, G., Lou, F., Jia, X., Fan, L., Sun, T., & Ni, X. (2018). Workplace violence, job satisfaction, burnout, perceived organisational support and their effects on turnover intention among Chinese nurses in tertiary hospitals: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 8(6), e019525. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019525

Luken, M., & Sammons, A. (2016). Systematic review of mindfulness practice for reducing job burnout. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70(2), 7002250020p1–7002250020p10. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2016.016956

Mafla, A. C., Villa-Torres, L., Polychronopoulou, A., Polanco, H., Moreno-Juvinao, V., Parra-Galvis, D., Duran, C., Villalobos, M. J., & Divaris, K. (2015). Burnout prevalence and correlates amongst Colombian dental students: The STRESSCODE study. European Journal of Dental Education, 19(4), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12128CrossRefPubMed

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397CrossRefPubMed

Mazurkiewicz, R., Korenstein, D., Fallar, R., & Ripp, J. (2012). The prevalence and correlations of medical student burnout in the pre-clinical years: A cross-sectional study. Psychology Health & Medicine, 17(2), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2011.597770CrossRef

Melamed, S. (2009). Burnout and risk of regional musculoskeletal pain-a prospective study of apparently healthy employed adults. Stress and Health, 25(4), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1265CrossRef

Noone, C., & Hogan, M. J. (2018). A randomised active-controlled trial to examine the effects of an online mindfulness intervention on executive control, critical thinking and key thinking dispositions in a university student sample. BMC Psychology, 6(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-018-0226-3

Oro, P., Esquerda, M., Mas, B., Vinas, J., Yuguero, O., & Pifarre, J. (2021). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based programme on perceived stress, psychopathological symptomatology and burnout in medical students. Mindfulness, 12(5), 1138–1147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01582-5CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pagnin, D., de Queiroz, V., Carvalho, Y., Dutra, A. S. S., Amaral, M. B., & Queiroz, T. T. (2014). The relation between burnout and sleep disorders in medical students. Academic Psychiatry, 38(4), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-014-0093-zCrossRefPubMed

Rahmati, Z. (2015). The study of academic burnout in students with high and low level of self-efficacy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.087

Roeser, R. W., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Jha, A., Cullen, M., Wallace, L., Wilensky, R., Oberle, E., Thomson, K., Taylor, C., & Harrison, J. (2013). Mindfulness training and reductions in teacher stress and burnout: Results from two randomized, waitlist-control field trials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032093CrossRef

Salvado, M., Marques, D. L., Pires, I. M., & Silva, N. M. (2021). Mindfulness-based interventions to reduce burnout in primary healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare, 9(10), 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101342

Salvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Ardenghi, S., Bani, M., Blasi, P., Ausili, D., Di Mauro, S., & Strepparava, M. G. (2019). Protecting emergency room nurses from burnout: The role of dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(4), 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12771CrossRefPubMed

Santen, S. A., Holt, D. B., Kemp, J. D., & Hemphill, R. R. (2010). Burnout in medical students: Examining the prevalence and associated factors. Southern Medical Journal, 103(8), 758–763. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181e6d6d4CrossRefPubMed

Scanlan, J. N., & Still, M. (2019). Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service. Bmc Health Services Research, 19, 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3841-z

Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students - A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003CrossRef

Schutte, N., Toppinen, S., Kalimo, R., & Schaufeli, W. (2000). The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) across occupational groups and nations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317900166877CrossRef

Suleiman-Martos, N., Gomez-Urquiza, J. L., Aguayo-Estremera, R., Canadas-De La Fuente, G. A., De La Fuente-Solana, E. I., & Albendin-Garcia, L. (2020). The effect of mindfulness training on burnout syndrome in nursing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(5), 1124–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14318CrossRefPubMed

Sun, J., Jin, Y., & Dai, M. (2013). Discussion on testing the mechanism of missing data. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 43(12), 166–173.

Taylor, N. Z., & Millear, P. M. R. (2016). The contribution of mindfulness to predicting burnout in the workplace. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.005CrossRef

Toker, S., Melamed, S., Berliner, S., Zeltser, D., & Shapira, I. (2012). Burnout and risk of coronary heart disease: A prospective study of 8838 employees. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(8), 840–847. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31826c3174CrossRefPubMed

Toppinen-Tanner, S., Ahola, K., Koskinen, A., & Vaananen, A. (2009). Burnout predicts hospitalization for mental and cardiovascular disorders: 10-year prospective results from industrial sector. Stress and Health, 25(4), 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1282CrossRef

Van der Heijden, B., Mahoney, C. B., & Xu, Y. (2019). Impact of job demands and resources on nurses’ burnout and occupational turnover intention towards an age-moderated mediation model for the nursing profession. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), 2011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112011

Vela-Bueno, A., Moreno-Jimenez, B., Rodriguez-Munoz, A., Olavarrieta-Bernardino, S., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Jose De la Cruz-Troca, J., Bixler, E. O., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2008). Insomnia and sleep quality among primary care physicians with low and high burnout levels. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(4), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.10.014CrossRefPubMed

Vidhukumar, K., & Hamza, M. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of burnout among undergraduate medical students - A cross-sectional survey. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 42(2), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpsym.Ijpsym_192_19CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vilardaga, R., Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., Levin, M. E., Hildebrandt, M. J., Kohlenberg, B., Roget, N. A., & Bond, F. (2011). Burnout among the addiction counseling workforce: The differential roles of mindfulness and values-based processes and work-site factors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 40(4), 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2010.11.015CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yang, H. J. (2004). Factors affecting student burnout and academic achievement in multiple enrollment programs in Taiwan’s technical-vocational colleges. International Journal of Educational Development, 24(3), 283–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2003.12.001CrossRef

Zhu, T., Xue, J., Montuclard, A., Jiang, Y., Weng, W., & Chen, S. (2019). Can mindfulness-based training improve positive emotion and cognitive ability in Chinese non-clinical population? A Pilot Study. Front Psychol, 10, 1549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01549CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Do Mindfulness-Based Interventions Reduce Burnout of College Students in China? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Auteurs: Ruochen Gan
Jiang Xue
Shulin Chen
Publicatiedatum: 27-02-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02092-w

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2023

Feasibility of a Loving Kindness Intervention for Mitigating Weight Stigma in Nursing Students: A Focus on Self-Compassion

ORIGINAL PAPER

Increased Effect Sizes in a Mindfulness- and Yoga-Based Intervention After Adjusting for Response Shift with Then-Test

Open Access
ORIGINAL PAPER

The Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Training in an Elementary School in Germany

Open Access
ORIGINAL PAPER

Meditation Practice, Mindfulness, and Pain-Related Outcomes in Mindfulness-Based Treatment for Episodic Migraine

ORIGINAL PAPER

A Brief Self-Compassionate Letter-Writing Intervention for Individuals with High Shame

ORIGINAL PAPER

The Role of Self-Compassion in Minority Stress Processes and Life Satisfaction among Sexual Minorities in Hong Kong

ORIGINAL PAPER