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2014 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

De etiologie van stotteren

Theorieën en modellen december 1997

Auteur : Dr. P. Janssen

Gepubliceerd in: Stotteren

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Samenvatting

Stotteren is een storing in het ritme van de spraak, waarbij de spreker precies weet wat hij/zij wil zeggen maar dat voor het moment niet kan, vanwege onwillekeurige – stille en hoorbare – herhalingen en verlengingen van spraakklanken (who, 1977).

vorige hoofdstuk B7 Vloeiendheidsstoornissen: inleiding

volgende hoofdstuk De ontwikkeling van stotteren

Vooral het onderzoek naar het in–vivo functioneren van delen van de hersenen bij het uitvoeren van verschillende spreektaken met behulp van brain imaging technieken presenteert zich de laatste jaren als een veelbelovende onderzoekslijn. Meerdere onderzoeksgroepen (Ingham e.a., 1996; Kroll e.a., 1997) vinden aanwijzingen voor afwijkende hersenactiviteiten in specifieke gebieden bij stotterende personen. Een uitgebreid overzicht van de stand van zaken in deze onderzoekslijn kan de lezer vinden in de proceedings van de derde internationale conferentie over spraakmotoriek en stotteren dat in 1996 in Nijmegen plaatsvond (Hulstijn e.a., 1997).

Tegenover het ‘closed loop’ model staat het ‘open loop’ model. In dit model loopt geen informatiestroom van de uitgang van het systeem terug naar een eerder stadium in het proces om de uitgang bij te regelen. De spraakmotorische programma's worden op centraal niveau opgebouwd en wel zodanig dat alle positie– en timingselementen daarin al aanwezig zijn. Er is geen continue terugkoppeling vanuit receptoren die het resultaat waarnemen. De auditieve feedback voor het eventueel bijsturen van een articulatiebeweging die nog aan de gang is, neemt te veel tijd in beslag. De functie van feedback ligt volgens deze opvatting in een controle achteraf. Eventuele herzieningen en aanpassingen worden dan ook achteraf in de vorm van zelfcorrecties gemaakt (Slis, 1988).

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Titel: De etiologie van stotteren
Auteur: Dr. P. Janssen
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek: Stotteren
Print ISBN: 978-90-368-0809-5

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-368-0810-1

Copyright: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0810-1_2

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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