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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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07-10-2021

Coping with COVID-19: Longitudinal Impact of the Pandemic on Adjustment and Links with Coping for Adolescents with and without ADHD

Auteurs: Melissa R. Dvorsky, Rosanna Breaux, Caroline N. Cusick, Joseph W. Fredrick, Cathrin Green, Amanda Steinberg, Joshua M. Langberg, Emma Sciberras, Stephen P. Becker

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 5/2022

Abstract

Understanding factors that foster resilience and buffer against the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 is critical to inform efforts to promote adjustment, reduce risk, and improve care, particularly for adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. This prospective longitudinal study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents’ mental health and substance use, and by assessing specific positive coping strategies among adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using multi-group autoregressive cross-lagged path models, the present study explored the reciprocal influence of positive coping behaviors on multiple adjustment outcomes including mental health symptoms, substance use, stress, and worry. Participants included 238 adolescents (132 male participants; ages 15–17; 118 with ADHD). Parents provided ratings of adolescent routines, and adolescents provided ratings of coping behaviors and psychological adjustment in spring (May/June), summer (July/August), and fall (October/November) 2020. All models included the effects of adjustment at the prior timepoint as well as relevant covariates including adolescent race, ethnicity, sex, medication status, and family income. Adolescents with ADHD were at greater risk for experiencing increases in mental health symptoms and substance use throughout the pandemic, relative to adolescents without ADHD. The use of positive coping strategies and adolescent routines buffered against increases in substance use and mental health problems for adolescents with ADHD. These findings have important clinical and public policy relevance for parents, schools, and employers who may aim to prioritize keeping schedules as consistent as possible to promote healthy adjustment.

vorige artikel Methylphenidate Improves Autonomic Functioning among Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

volgende artikel Interactive Virtual Reality versus Vignette-Based Assessment of Children’s Aggressive Social Information Processing

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To conserve space, model fit statistics are only reported for final models. Fit statistics and results of the chi-square difference tests are available on request of the first author.

Our primary aim was to examine ADHD as a potential moderator of the relations between coping/routines and adjustment outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since tests of statistical interactions are typically underpowered in nonexperimental research (McClelland & Judd, 1993), we chose to limit the number of covariate or predictor variables included in these models. Further, while including all important covariates and predictor variables and examining multiple outcomes of adjustment strengthens confidence in the findings, increasing the number of variables and paths to be tested, also increases the probability of a Type 1 error. We viewed the inclusion parent- and adolescent-rated coping factors in the path models predicting adjustment as important to expanding understanding of the longitudinal and potentially reciprocal associations over time to inform future research. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that the decision to examine each of these outcome domains separately may have increased the probability of having a Type 1 error. There is no simple solution to this dilemma, particularly as a Bonferroni or related corrections have been heavily criticized for creating additional methodological and statistical problems (Nagagawa, 2004; Moran, 2003; Perneger, 1998). Therefore, we did not apply such a correction, but acknowledge that if such a correction were used the effects of a) T1 stress to T2 coping; b) T1 worry to T2 routines; and c) T1 coping to T2 mental health symptoms and T2 substance use would be lost.

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Titel: Coping with COVID-19: Longitudinal Impact of the Pandemic on Adjustment and Links with Coping for Adolescents with and without ADHD
Auteurs: Melissa R. Dvorsky
Rosanna Breaux
Caroline N. Cusick
Joseph W. Fredrick
Cathrin Green
Amanda Steinberg
Joshua M. Langberg
Emma Sciberras
Stephen P. Becker
Publicatiedatum: 07-10-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 5/2022
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00857-2

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