Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

14-09-2023 | Research

Can you accurately monitor your behaviors while multitasking? The effect of multitasking on metacognition

Auteurs: Ruiqiao Guo, Yan Liu, Hui Jing Lu, Annan Jing

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 2/2024

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

With the pace of life accelerating, multitasking has become the norm in daily life. According to research, multiple cognitive processes, including numerical reasoning, comprehension, and writing, are negatively affected by multitasking. However, only a few studies have investigated the relationship between multitasking and metacognition. In this study, the effect of multitasking on metacognition was examined using a prospective monitoring paradigm (prediction of subsequent recall performance). In Experiment 1, the participants simultaneously studied word pairs (primary task) and differentiated between different sound pitches (secondary task) and then predicted their performance in a subsequent memory test for the studied word pairs (prospective metacognitive monitoring). The accuracy of metacognitive evaluation with multitasking was then compared with that without multitasking. In Experiment 2, sounds and icons of real-life applications were used to improve the ecological validity of the experiment in the secondary task. The results indicated that multitasking impaired metacognition in both artificial and real-life simulated scenarios. In addition, the participants who engaged in more media multitasking in their daily lives exhibited poorer metacognitive monitoring abilities in single tasks.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Adler, R. F., & Benbunan-Fich, R. (2012). Juggling on a high wire: Multitasking effects on performance. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 70(2), 156–168.CrossRef Adler, R. F., & Benbunan-Fich, R. (2012). Juggling on a high wire: Multitasking effects on performance. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 70(2), 156–168.CrossRef
go back to reference Adler, R. F., & Benbunan-Fich, R. (2015). The effects of task difficulty and multitasking on performance. Interacting with Computers, 27(4), 430–439.CrossRef Adler, R. F., & Benbunan-Fich, R. (2015). The effects of task difficulty and multitasking on performance. Interacting with Computers, 27(4), 430–439.CrossRef
go back to reference Aguilar-Lleyda, D., Lemarchand, M., & De Gardelle, V. (2020). Confidence as a priority signal. Psychological Science, 31(9), 1084–1096.CrossRefPubMed Aguilar-Lleyda, D., Lemarchand, M., & De Gardelle, V. (2020). Confidence as a priority signal. Psychological Science, 31(9), 1084–1096.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Akbari, M. (2017). Metacognitions or distress intolerance: The mediating role in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and problematic internet use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 6, 128–133.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Akbari, M. (2017). Metacognitions or distress intolerance: The mediating role in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and problematic internet use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 6, 128–133.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Anggo, M., & Arapu, L. (2018). The use of mathematics teaching aids to train metacognition ability of elementary school students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1028(1), 012143. Anggo, M., & Arapu, L. (2018). The use of mathematics teaching aids to train metacognition ability of elementary school students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1028(1), 012143.
go back to reference Brasel, S. A., & Gips, J. (2011). Media multitasking behavior: Concurrent television and computer usage. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(9), 527–534.CrossRefPubMed Brasel, S. A., & Gips, J. (2011). Media multitasking behavior: Concurrent television and computer usage. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(9), 527–534.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chen, G., & Fu, X. (2010). The foundation of JOLs and influencing factors. In 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation (Vol. 4, pp. 2181–2185). IEEE. Chen, G., & Fu, X. (2010). The foundation of JOLs and influencing factors. In 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation (Vol. 4, pp. 2181–2185). IEEE.
go back to reference Dindar, M., & Akbulut, Y. (2016). Effects of multitasking on retention and topic interest. Learning and Instruction, 41, 94–105.CrossRef Dindar, M., & Akbulut, Y. (2016). Effects of multitasking on retention and topic interest. Learning and Instruction, 41, 94–105.CrossRef
go back to reference Hainguerlot, M., Vergnaud, J.-C., & De Gardelle, V. (2018). Metacognitive ability predicts learning cue-stimulus associations in the absence of external feedback. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–8.ADSCrossRef Hainguerlot, M., Vergnaud, J.-C., & De Gardelle, V. (2018). Metacognitive ability predicts learning cue-stimulus associations in the absence of external feedback. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–8.ADSCrossRef
go back to reference Heyes, C., Bang, D., Shea, N., Frith, C. D., & Fleming, S. M. (2020). Knowing ourselves together: The cultural origins of metacognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24, 349–362.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Heyes, C., Bang, D., Shea, N., Frith, C. D., & Fleming, S. M. (2020). Knowing ourselves together: The cultural origins of metacognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24, 349–362.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Jamet, E., Gonthier, C., Cojean, S., Colliot, T., & Erhel, S. (2020). Does multitasking in the classroom affect learning outcomes? A naturalistic study. Computers in Human Behavior, 106, 106264.CrossRef Jamet, E., Gonthier, C., Cojean, S., Colliot, T., & Erhel, S. (2020). Does multitasking in the classroom affect learning outcomes? A naturalistic study. Computers in Human Behavior, 106, 106264.CrossRef
go back to reference Jauregui, P., Urbiola, I., & Estevez, A. (2016). Metacognition in pathological gambling and its relationship with anxious and depressive symptomatology. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 675–688.CrossRefPubMed Jauregui, P., Urbiola, I., & Estevez, A. (2016). Metacognition in pathological gambling and its relationship with anxious and depressive symptomatology. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 675–688.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jeong, S.-H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Does multitasking increase or decrease persuasion? Effects of multitasking on comprehension and counterarguing. Journal of Communication, 62(4), 571–587.CrossRef Jeong, S.-H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Does multitasking increase or decrease persuasion? Effects of multitasking on comprehension and counterarguing. Journal of Communication, 62(4), 571–587.CrossRef
go back to reference Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (1989). Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 657.CrossRef Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (1989). Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 657.CrossRef
go back to reference Kelemen, W. L. (2000). Metamemory cues and monitoring accuracy: Judging what you know and what you will know. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 800.CrossRef Kelemen, W. L. (2000). Metamemory cues and monitoring accuracy: Judging what you know and what you will know. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 800.CrossRef
go back to reference Kihlstrom, J. F. (2021). Ecological validity and “ecological validity.” Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(2), 466–471.CrossRefPubMed Kihlstrom, J. F. (2021). Ecological validity and “ecological validity.” Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(2), 466–471.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication, 50(1), 46–70.CrossRef Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication, 50(1), 46–70.CrossRef
go back to reference Liu, Y., Su, Y., Xu, G., & Pei, M. (2018). When do you know what you know? The emergence of memory monitoring. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 166, 34–48.CrossRefPubMed Liu, Y., Su, Y., Xu, G., & Pei, M. (2018). When do you know what you know? The emergence of memory monitoring. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 166, 34–48.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lopez, R. B., Salinger, J. M., Heatherton, T. F., & Wagner, D. D. (2018). Media multitasking is associated with altered processing of incidental, irrelevant cues during person perception. BMC Psychology, 6(1), 1–7.CrossRef Lopez, R. B., Salinger, J. M., Heatherton, T. F., & Wagner, D. D. (2018). Media multitasking is associated with altered processing of incidental, irrelevant cues during person perception. BMC Psychology, 6(1), 1–7.CrossRef
go back to reference Lottridge, D. M., Rosakranse, C., Oh, C. S., Westwood, S. J., Baldoni, K. A., Mann, A. S., & Nass, C. I. (2015). The effects of chronic multitasking on analytical writing. Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702367 Lottridge, D. M., Rosakranse, C., Oh, C. S., Westwood, S. J., Baldoni, K. A., Mann, A. S., & Nass, C. I. (2015). The effects of chronic multitasking on analytical writing. Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1145/​2702123.​2702367
go back to reference Murphy, K., McLauchlan, S., & Lee, M. (2017). Is there a link between media-multitasking and the executive functions of filtering and response inhibition? Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 667–677.CrossRef Murphy, K., McLauchlan, S., & Lee, M. (2017). Is there a link between media-multitasking and the executive functions of filtering and response inhibition? Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 667–677.CrossRef
go back to reference Nelson, T., & Narens, L. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and new findings. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 26, 125–173.CrossRef Nelson, T., & Narens, L. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and new findings. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 26, 125–173.CrossRef
go back to reference Nikčević, A. V., & Spada, M. M. J. B. (2008). Metacognitions across the continuum of smoking dependence. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36(3), 333–339.CrossRef Nikčević, A. V., & Spada, M. M. J. B. (2008). Metacognitions across the continuum of smoking dependence. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36(3), 333–339.CrossRef
go back to reference Ralph, B. C., Smith, A. C., Seli, P., & Smilek, D. J. P. R. (2021). The relation between task-unrelated media multitasking and task-related motivation. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 85(1), 408–422.CrossRefPubMed Ralph, B. C., Smith, A. C., Seli, P., & Smilek, D. J. P. R. (2021). The relation between task-unrelated media multitasking and task-related motivation. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 85(1), 408–422.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Spada, M. M., Caselli, G., & Wells, A. J. B. R. (2009). Metacognitions as a predictor of drinking status and level of alcohol use following CBT in problem drinkers: A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(10), 882–886.CrossRefPubMed Spada, M. M., Caselli, G., & Wells, A. J. B. R. (2009). Metacognitions as a predictor of drinking status and level of alcohol use following CBT in problem drinkers: A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(10), 882–886.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Spada, M. M., Giustina, L., Rolandi, S., Fernie, B. A., & Caselli, G. (2015). Profiling metacognition in gambling disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43(5), 614–622.CrossRefPubMed Spada, M. M., Giustina, L., Rolandi, S., Fernie, B. A., & Caselli, G. (2015). Profiling metacognition in gambling disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43(5), 614–622.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Uncapher, M. R., Thieu, M. K., & Wagner, A. D. (2016). Media multitasking and memory: Differences in working memory and long-term memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(2), 483–490.CrossRef Uncapher, M. R., Thieu, M. K., & Wagner, A. D. (2016). Media multitasking and memory: Differences in working memory and long-term memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(2), 483–490.CrossRef
go back to reference van den Berg, R., Zylberberg, A., Kiani, R., Shadlen, M. N., & Wolpert, D. M. (2016). Confidence is the bridge between multi-stage decisions. Current Biology, 26(23), 3157–3168.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral van den Berg, R., Zylberberg, A., Kiani, R., Shadlen, M. N., & Wolpert, D. M. (2016). Confidence is the bridge between multi-stage decisions. Current Biology, 26(23), 3157–3168.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Wickens, C. D. (2020). Processing resources and attention (pp. 3–34). CRC Press. Wickens, C. D. (2020). Processing resources and attention (pp. 3–34). CRC Press.
go back to reference Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. E. (1998). Studying as self-regulated learning (pp. 291–318). Routledge. Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. E. (1998). Studying as self-regulated learning (pp. 291–318). Routledge.
go back to reference Yang, X., & Zhu, L. (2014). Relationship among media multitasking, personality and negative mood in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 28(4), 277–282.MathSciNet Yang, X., & Zhu, L. (2014). Relationship among media multitasking, personality and negative mood in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 28(4), 277–282.MathSciNet
Metagegevens
Titel
Can you accurately monitor your behaviors while multitasking? The effect of multitasking on metacognition
Auteurs
Ruiqiao Guo
Yan Liu
Hui Jing Lu
Annan Jing
Publicatiedatum
14-09-2023
Uitgeverij
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 2/2024
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01875-z